REQUIRED PJAS SLIDES IN ORDER
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2.
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4.
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6.
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13.
Title
Research
Problem/Purpose/Question
Hypothesis
Materials
Procedure
Data Collected
Graphs of results
Analysis
Conclusion
Weaknesses/Improvements
Future Studies/Research
Works Sited
1.
2.
3.
4.
All slides have….
white background
same size and font titles
same size and font text
text can be seen from across
the room when projected
REQUIRED TITLE SLIDE
THE AFFECT THE DEPTH OF SAND
HAS ON CONVECTION CURRENTS
By
Diana Kelly
1. Title is the broad area of study
2. First and Last Name are after the title
3. May decorate with small, discreet, clip art or other media that is
relevant to the topic in the corners to not block the title or name
PROBLEM: Hot sand burns bare feet.
PURPOSE: To determine if digging a path to moist sand would reduce
the sand temperature and prevent feet from blistering which is 18% of
the body sections.
PROBLEM
PURPOSE
1 source Conduction
http://www.geography4kids.com/files/en_movement.html
highlighted dataTime to go to the beach! The surface of the sand is really
hot at the beach. Just a few inches down the sand is really cold. Objects
transfer heat at different rates. Scientists call that ability thermal
conductivity. Sand has a very low conductivity. At the beach, the sand
acts like a big insulator. The sand on the top gets very hot, but conducts
very little heat to the ground below
1 source
http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/thermalconductivity-d_429.html
highlighted data REFER TO VOCABULARY
2 source http://wp.wgmd.com/?p=7369 Jul 26, 2010 posted by: Joe
Ciccanti
highlighted data Millville Medical Center because of burns to the bottom
of her feet. She had to be treated for—large blisters—skin blistering.
2
sourcehttp://firstaid.about.com/od/softtissueinju
ries/a/07_burn_surface.htm
highlighted data
The Rule of Nines
To approximate the percentage of burned surface
area, the body has been divided Right leg (below
the knee) Left leg (below the knee)
Each of these sections takes about nine percent
3 source CHOP Diabetes Center for children, Summer Foot Care Tips
http://www.chop.edu/service/diabetes-center-for-children/seasonalupdate/foot-care.html
highlighted data If your child gets a cut, insect bite or blister, give proper
care and make sure it heals quickly Avoid walking barefoot
3 source
highlighted data
REQUIRED QUESTION SLIDE
Will a digging a path in the sand reduce
the temperature of the walkway path to
prevent feet from blistering when walking
on hot sand on 95 degree days?
1 Question answers the problem via an experiment
2 Question relates to the problem and purpose
3 One question is asked
REQUIRED QUESTION RESEARCH
SLIDE
Will digging a path in the sand reduce the temperature of the walkway path to prevent feet from blistering when walking on hot
sand on 95 degree days?
1 source Conduction http://www.geography4kids.com/files/en_movement.html
highlighted dataTime to go to the beach! The surface of the sand is really hot at the beach. Just a few inches down the sand is
really cold. Objects transfer heat at different rates. Scientists call that ability thermal conductivity. Sand has a very low conductivity.
At the beach, the sand acts like a big insulator. The sand on the top gets very hot, but conducts very little heat to the ground below
2 source http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/gen99/gen99918.htm
highlighted data You may also check text books on "heat transfer in porous (or multiphase) media.”
3 source http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/gen99/gen99918.htm
highlighted data plastic tube, about 20 mm in ID and about 200 mm in length. Fill the tube with the mixture and block the two
ends tight with two thin (5-10 mm) cooper disks. Insert a few thermocouples at 20 mm internals (from end to end) into the tube.
Steadily heat one of the copper disks at one end and cool the other copper piece at the other end. Moderate heating is sufficient.
REQUIRED HYPOTHESIS SLIDE
If sand temperatures are measured at
vertical depths of 0 cm (control), 2 cm, 4
cm, and 6 cm; then the 6 cm vertical
depth will be the coldest temperature.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Formatted as an if…then statement
Position is stated as an outcome measurement (dependent variable)
Independent variable included and data provided for experimental groups
Supports research
REQUIRED VOCABULARY SLIDE
Thermal conductivity is the quantity of heat transmitted through a unit thickness in
a direction normal to a surface of unit area, due to a unit temperature gradient
under steady state conditions
Thermal conductivity measured in k - W/(m.K) @Temperature at oC 25
Sand, dry 0.15 - 0.25 LOWER NUMBER MEANS LESS HEAT IS GOES DOWN THROUGH
Sand, moist 0.25 - 2 THE SAND SO THE SURFACE IS HOTTER
Sand, saturated 2 - 4
REQUIRED MATERIALS SLIDE
1. NOT a numbered list
2. All needed materials to complete the experiment are included
3. Amount needed and measurement of material are clearly discernible EXAMPLES:
500 ml glass beaker
Twelve 250 ml paper cups
6 glass stir rods
(1) 500 ml glass beaker
(12)250 ml paper cups
(6) glass stir rods
REQUIRED PROCEDURE SLIDE(s)
each slide is titled procedure
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
No pronouns
Verb (action word)
starts blurb
Numbered steps
Blurbs in order
needed to perform
experiment
Measurements and
quantity used or
times performed
included
Repeated steps
refer to number
and state “Repeat
steps x through y”
for experimental
group z or control
group
1.
2.
3.
4.
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6.
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Fill the plastic lid measuring l w h with 8 cm of sand.
Tap the lid on a flat surface
use a ruler to measure the depth at the four corners and approximate center
Repeat steps 1-3 to achieve an even vertical depth of 8 cm throughout the
lid
Mark the edges of the plastic lid by placing painter’s tape on the flat surface
to maintain the same position
Position a sun lamp 10 cm above the plastic lid
To measure sand temperatures use a thermometer with masking taped
markings measured at 0cm, 2 cm, 4 cm, and 6 cm
Push the thermometer down to the 6 cm marking in the center of the lid
Wait 30 seconds,
Recording the temperature
Withdraw the thermometer to 4cm and repeat steps 8-11 in the 4 corners at
4 cm, 2 cm, and then 0 cm
Turn on the sun lamp, check surface temperature every 30 min until surface
temperature is 80 C or greater
Repeat steps 8 through 12
REQUIRED PHOTOGRAPH SLIDE
1. Photographs of procedure being performed
REQUIRED DATA SLIDE
DATA IS NOT THE TITLE
1. Title defines data actually collected (the independent variable,
dependent variable, AND control are stated) EXAMPLE:
Temperature of sand at 0 cm , 2 cm, 4 cm, and 6 cm below the
surface.
2. Data is in a table
3. Data includes averages
4. Data is in metric units
5. Data is a measured outcome of the independent variable (related)
REQUIRED GRAPH SLIDE(S)
1. Title of slide is X axis title vs Y axis title
2. One graph may show all data and averages or more than one graph
may be needed
3. If time is used as a variable the data for the sample is kept together on
different graphs to avoid confusion and an average graph has all data
of all samples
4. 8 parts to a graph
title of graph is x axis title vs y axis title
x axis title (independent variable)
y axis title (dependent variable)
x axis label in lower right corner
y axis label in upper left corner
scale of x is accurate, metric, and spans the graph
scale of the y is accurate, metric, and spans the graph
data is clearly plotted (key if needed)
REQUIRED ANALYSIS SLIDE
1. Bullets for blurbs that discuss graphed results
2. Analysis includes specific sample name and measured
independent variable
3. Analysis is sufficient to provide details to the conclusion
4. No opinions are stated
5. No reason for outcome is provided
6. Consists of only an analysis of the data as presented in the graphs
REQUIRED CONCLUSION SLIDE
1. Reflects a restatement of the hypothesis
2. Includes the result that related to the problem, purpose, and
question
3. Does not provide opinion
4. Does not provide reason
5. Does not state I was right or wrong, my hypothesis was right or
wrong, accepted or rejected
6. Reflects only the restatement of the hypothesis to reflect the
results collected in the data.
REQUIRED
WEAKNESSES/IMPROVEMENTS
SLIDE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Thoughtful consideration given to…
Lab practices/techniques
Control of experiment
Available equipment
Neatness to prevent cross contamination
REQUIRED FUTURE STUDIES SLIDE
1. Connected to current experiment
RESEARCH FOR FUTURE STUDY
FUTURE STUDY IS STATED HERE
1 source
highlighted data
FUTURE STUDY IS STATED HERE
1 source
highlighted data
FUTURE STUDY IS STATED HERE
1 source
highlighted data
REQUIRED WORKS SITED SLIDE
1. FORMAT IS POSTED AT