RESERVATIONS
LEGISLATIVE CONSENT
FOR SC/ ST
Articles 16(4), 335, 341 and 342 of the Constitution
of India
FOR OBCs
Mandal Commission Report
with effect from 13-8-1990
1
RESERVATIONS
- why
In a multiple undulating society like ours,
early achievement of the objective of
social justice as enshrined in the
Constitution is a MUST
certain weightage has to be provided to
such classes in the services
2
POST BASED ROSTERS
OBJECTIVE
to know how the principal of roster works in
respect of reserved posts in various modes of
recruitment and promotion
to analyze and apply it in the eligible and
deserving cases
To know the details of percentages applicable to
different categories of reserved candidates
3
RESERVATIONS AND ROSTERS
ROSTER
POST BASED
ROSTER
a list or plan showing turns
of duty or leave for
individuals or groups
a list maintained showing
turns of appointment and
promotion for individuals
belonging to different
categories, e.g., SC, ST,
OBC or General’
4
Evolution of Post Based Roster
Prior to 1972 - before the judgment in the case
of R.K. Sabharwal Vs. State of Punjab, given by
the Apex Court
rosters were based on vacancies
judgment in the case declared that reservation
for SC/ST for appointments in services should
be with reference to the posts and not vacancies
which may occur in the cadre
5
RESERVATIONS IN
APPOINTMENTS
Basic concept of reservations in appointments
As per the directions of the Constitution, percentages of
reservations are in force in favour of SCs/STs and OBCs
in filling vacancies in posts by appointment.
To obviate the difficulty due to fractions, etc., in the
calculation of the number of reserved vacancies on the
percentages, special rosters have been prescribed
Rosters intended to be an aid to determining the number
of vacancies to be reserved categories in any particular
examination, recruitment, etc. and not meant for
determining the order of actual appointment
6
RECRUITMENT ON ALL INDIA
BASIS
By open competition
All recruitments are made by
UPSC whether through written
examination or by interview or
both and recruitment made by
other authorities including Staff
Selection Commission or any
other appointing authority
through written competitive
examination or tests (but not by
interview alone)
Otherwise than
by open
competition
Any recruitment not
made by the UPSC
or not made through
written competitive
tests held by any
other authority
7
PERCENTAGES AND POINTS OF
RESERVATION IN
APPOINTMENTS
Direct recruitment
By Open Competition
SC
15%
ST
7 ½%
30 Points
OBC
27%
15 Points
54 Points
8
Reservation in Direct Recruitment on All
India basis by open competition in a 200 point
roster
Schedule Castes - 15% (30 Points)
Points 7 41 74 107 140 174
15 47 81 114 147 180
20 54 87 121 154 187
27 61 94 127 162 194
35 68 99 135 168 199
Schedule Tribe -71/2% (15 Points)
Points 14 55 95
136 175
28 69 108 148 188
40 80 120 160 198
9
Reservation in Direct Recruitment on All
India basis by open competition in a 200 point
roster
Other Backward Castes – 27% (54 Points)
Pts 4 26 49 71 93 115 138 161 182
8 30 52 75 97 119 141 163 186
12 34 56 78 100 123 145 167 189
16 38 60 82 104 126 149 171 193
19 42 63 86 109 130 152 176 197
23 45 67 89 112 134 156 178 200
The remaining 101 points will be unreserved.
10
Direct Recruitment to Groups ‘C’ and ‘D’
Posts Normally
Attracting
Candidates From a Locality Or a
Region
Percentages of reservations are fixed generally
in proportion to the population of SCs and STs
and OBCs in the respective States/ Union
Territories.
A 100 point roster is maintained in such case.
11
Recruitment Made Through Staff
Selection Commission
SSC
ALL INDIA LIST PREPARED
BY SSC
CENTRE LINKED ZONAL
BASIS
200 point roster
100 point roster
SC
15%
ST
7 ½%
OBC
27%
Fixed in relation
to the population
of SCs in the State
SC
7½%
ST
27 %
OBC
12
Determination of Vacancies
The actual number of reserved vacancies in any
recruitment year should be determined on the
basis of the points in the roster and also taking
into account the reservations brought forward
from the earlier years. The total number of
reservation should not, however, exceed 50% of
the total number of vacancies filled in that year
excluding the “backlog vacancies”
13
RESERVATIONS IN
PROMOTIONS
same as prescribed for 200-point roster for
All India Recruitment by open competition
out of 200 points, reservation will be
Scheduled Castes 15% (30 Points)
Scheduled Tribes 7.5% (15 Points)
no reservation for OBCs in promotion
remaining 155 points will be Unreserved
14
Promotions to which
Reservations apply
 Through
limited Departmental Competitive Exams in
Groups ‘B’, ‘C’ and ‘D’, OR by Selection in Groups ‘C’ &
‘D’
 By selection
a) From Group ‘C’ to Group ‘B’.
b) Within Group ‘B’.
c) From Group ‘B’
I) to the lowest rung of
Category in Group ‘A’.
II) direct to Group ‘A’
to senior scale.
15
Promotions to which
Reservations apply
Seniority subject to fitness
Within Group ‘A’
Promotion to Selection Grades
Appointment to Non- functional Selection
Grade in Group ‘A’
Ad hoc Promotions
16
Through limited Departmental Competitive
Exams in Groups ‘B’, ‘C’ and ‘D’, OR by
Selection in Groups ‘C’ & ‘D’
Selection only from
SC/ST officials who are
within the normal zone
of consideration
Separate list to be
prepared for category
candidates
When adequate
number of SC/ST
candidates are not
available within the
normal field of choice, it
shall be extended to five
times the number of
vacancies
No. of
Normal zone Extended
zone for
vacancies
consideratio
n of SC/ST
1
5
5
2
8
10
3
10
15
4
12
20
5&
above
2 x No. of
5 x No. of
vacancies + vacancies
17
4
Normal zone
Extended zone
No. of
vacancies
once
Twice
+
4
5 times
18
Through limited Departmental Competitive
Exams in Groups ‘B’, ‘C’ and ‘D’, OR by
Selection in Groups ‘C’ & ‘D’
SC and ST officers who are within the
normal zone of consideration should be
considered for promotion along with others
irrespective of their merit as compared to
other officers
SC/ST candidates who have not acquired
the general qualifying standard should also
be considered for promotion provided they
are not found unfit
19
Through limited Departmental Competitive
Exams in Groups ‘B’, ‘C’ and ‘D’, OR by
Selection in Groups ‘C’ & ‘D’
Non-availability of SCs or STs
Dereservation to be considered subject to
• Reservations being C/F to 3 subsequent
R.Ys
• Exchange of vacancies between SCs
and STs in the last year to which the
reserved vacancies are carried forward
20
BY SELECTION
Group
B
Group
B
BY Selection
Group
A
Lowest rung
Group
C
Group A
Senior Scale
Same as
in case
of
departm
ental
exam
procedur
e except
No
separate
list to be
made
No C/F
of
reservati
on
21
Seniority subject to fitness
principle of zone of consideration not
applicable
no need for a comparative evaluation of the
individual officers’ respective merits
only suitability of each individual officer or the
unfitness of an officer to be decided
40-point roster
vacancies reserved for SCs and STs-separate
lists should be drawn up
DPC to adjudge the SC and ST officers
separately
if no SCs and STs found fit - action for
deservation should be taken
22
Within Group ‘A’
In promotions by selection to posts within
Group ‘A’ there is no reservation
SC/ST officers who are senior enough in the
zone of consideration for promotion so as to be
within the number of vacancies for which the
select list has to be drawn up, to be included in
that list provided they are not considered unfit
for promotion
23
Promotion to selection
grades
Appropriate orders relating to
reservation/ concessions for SCs and
STs in promotions made by ‘selection’
or on the basis of ‘seniority subject to
fitness’ apply to these appointments
24
Appointment to non-functional
selection grade in Group ‘A’
services
SC/ ST officers considered for being
appointed in their turn to posts in the
non-functional selection grade against
available vacancies may be included in
the select list even if they do not fulfil
the criteria laid down provided they are
not considered unfit
25
Ad hoc promotions
no formal reservation for SCs and STs in such
promotions
vacancies for periods in excess of 45 days to be
placed on roster- the number of vacancies falling
to the share of SC and ST, if the vacancies were
to be filled on regular basis, to be identified
If number of SC/ST candidates found fit is
• Less than the number of vacancies identified as
falling to their share when filled on regular basis
then additional SC/ST candidates to the extent required
should be located by going down the seniority list but
within five times the number of vacancies
26
Filing up of reserved vacancies
falling in promotion quota
In a cadre where recruitment is made both
by direct recruitment and by promotion as
prescribed in the Recruitment Rules,
reserved vacancies falling in the
promotion quota which cannot be filled
due to non availability of eligible persons
of SCs/STs in the feeder grade may be
temporarily diverted to the direct
recruitment quota
27
GOVERNMENT GUIDELINES ON
RESERVATIONS
rosters not for determining seniority
two fundamental principles in drawing up
rosters
 reservation shall be kept within the prescribed
percentage, and
 total reservation shall not exceed 50% of the
cadre
number of points in each roster will be equal to
the number of points in the cadre
28
GOVERNMENT GUIDELINES ON
RESERVATIONS
Separate rosters shall be maintained for each
type
Recruitment
Promotion
Posts filled by transfer/ transfer on deputation
not to be entered in the roster
Roster will be operated on the replacement
principle and not as a ‘running account’
SCs/ STs/ OBCs candidates selected on merit
will not be shown against the reserved points but
shown against Unreserved points
29
MODEL ROSTERS FOR CADRE STRENGTH UP TO 13 POSTS
by open competition
Cadre
Initial
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12
strengt
recruit
h
ment
1
UR
UR
UR
OBC
UR
UR
SC
OBC
UR
UR
UR
OBC
UR
2
UR
UR
OBC
UR
UR
SC
OBC
UR
UR
UR
OBC
UR
ST
3
UR
OBC
UR
UR
SC
OBC
UR
UR
UR
OBC
UR
ST
4
OBC
UR
UR
SC
OBC
UR
UR
UR
OBC
UR
ST
5
UR
UR
SC
OBC
UR
UR
UR
OBC
UR
ST
6
UR
SC
OBC
UR
UR
UR
OBC
UR
ST
7
SC
OBC
UR
UR
UR
OBC
UR
ST
8
OBC
UR
UR
UR
OBC
UR
ST
9
UR
UR
UR
OBC
UR
ST
10
UR
UR
OBC
UR
ST
13
ST
30
MODEL ROSTERS FOR CADRE STRENGTH UP TO 13 POSTS
Otherwise through open competition
Cadre
Initial
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12
strengt
recruit
h
ment
1
UR
UR
UR
OBC
UR
UR
SC
OBC
UR
UR
UR
OBC
SC
2
UR
UR
OBC
UR
UR
SC
OBC
UR
UR
UR
OBC
SC
ST
3
UR
OBC
UR
UR
SC
OBC
UR
UR
UR
OBC
SC
ST
4
OBC
UR
UR
SC
OBC
UR
UR
UR
OBC
SC
ST
5
UR
UR
SC
OBC
UR
UR
UR
OBC
SC
ST
6
UR
SC
OBC
UR
UR
UR
OBC
SC
ST
7
SC
OBC
UR
UR
UR
OBC
SC
ST
8
OBC
UR
UR
UR
OBC
SC
ST
9
UR
UR
UR
OBC
SC
ST
10
UR
UR
OBC
SC
ST
13
ST
31
MODEL ROSTERS FOR CADRE STRENGTH UP TO 13 POSTS
in Promotions
Cadre
Initial
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12
strengt
recruit
h
ment
1
UR
UR
UR
UR
UR
UR
SC
UR
UR
UR
UR
UR
UR
2
UR
UR
UR
UR
UR
SC
UR
UR
UR
UR
UR
UR
ST
3
UR
UR
UR
UR
SC
UR
UR
UR
UR
UR
UR
ST
4
UR
UR
UR
SC
UR
UR
UR
UR
UR
UR
ST
5
UR
UR
SC
UR
UR
UR
UR
UR
UR
ST
6
UR
SC
UR
UR
UR
UR
UR
UR
ST
7
SC
UR
UR
UR
UR
UR
UR
ST
8
UR
UR
UR
UR
UR
UR
ST
9
UR
UR
UR
UR
UR
ST
10
UR
UR
UR
UR
ST
13
ST
32
MAINTENANCE OF ROSTERS
Separate Rosters



For appointment
For Promotion
Temporary appointments
Common Rosters

cases where Permanent appointments and temporary
appointments are likely to become permanent or to
continue indefinitely
Reservation roster is not a confidential
document and can be shown to individual official
33
APPOINTMENTS
AGAINST
RESERVED ROSTER POINTS
Appointment of SC/ST Candidates
Against reserved points


Reservation deemed to have been consumed
No carry forward allowed
Against unreserved points

Appointment to be adjusted against reserved
points in future recruitment years
34
APPOINTMENTS
AGAINST
RESERVED ROSTER POINTS
Appointment of General Category Candidates
Against reserved points
 points to be shifted to the subsequent points in the
roster for being filled in the next recruitment occasion
 Dereservation, carry forward, etc., will start from the
next recruitment year, in the event of non-availability
of reserved category candidates against shifted points
Against single vacancy falling on a unreserved
point

The vacancy will be treated as unreserved and
reservation will be carried forward but the point will
not shift
35
GROUPING OF ISOLATED
POSTS
isolated individual posts and small cadres
may be grouped with posts in the same
class for purpose of reservation consisting
of not less than 25 posts
Keeping due regard to Designation and
number of each post, Group to which
the posts belong, Scale of pay, Method of
recruitment, Minimum qualifications
Proposal for grouping of posts should be
made to the Department of Personnel and
Training
36
Plotting of vacancies
determining the reservation - the
vacancies occurring in various
constituents of the Group should be
plotted on the roster strictly in a
chronological order
Total Reservation not to Exceed 50 %
in any of the Posts/ Services Grouped
37