Grenada Drug
Epidemiology Network
(GRENDEN)
Annual Report,
2012
Drug Control Secretariat
16 May 2013
GRENDEN ANNUAL REPORT 2012
Table of Contents
Topics
Page
Acknowledgements
5
Executive Summary
6
Introduction
7
Overview Of Drug Situation And Trends
10
Qualitative Data
25
Achievements And Priority Areas For Future Development
29
Conclusion and Recommendations
30
References
31
Appendices
32
2
GRENDEN ANNUAL REPORT 2012
List of Tables
Table 1: Number Of Patients Admitted To Rathdune Psychiatric Unit For Problems Derived
From The Consumption Of Drugs
Table 2: Number Of Patients Admitted To Rathdune Psychiatric Unit For Problems Derived
From The Consumption Of Drugs, By Types Of Drugs, Age Range And Gender
Table 3: Number Of Patients
From The Consumption Of Drugs
Admitted To Carlton House For Problems
Derived
Table 4: Number Of Patients Admitted To Carlton House For Problems Derived From The
Consumption Of Drugs, By Types Of Drugs, Age Range And Gender
Table 5: Number Of Patients Admitted To The General Hospital For Problems Derived Form
The Consumption Of Drugs By Age Group And Gender
Table 6: Number Of Patients Admitted To The General Hospital For Problems Derived From
The Consumption Of Drugs, By Types Of Drugs, Age Range And Gender
Table 7: Number Of Administrative And Regulatory Activities Imposed In Connection With
Control Of Pharmaceutical Products
Table 8: Number Of Sanctions Applied By Type For Pharmaceutical Products
Table 9: Number Of Number Of Persons Arrested And Charged For All Drug-Related
Offences By Age Group And Gender
Table 9: Nationality Of All Persons Arrested And Charged For All Drug-Related Offences By
Gender
Table 10: Drug-Related Offences Committed By All Persons Arrested And Charged For DrugRelated Offences By Gender
Table 11: Number Of Persons Convicted For Drug-Related Offences
Table 12: Drug Seizures By Type And Quantities
Table 13: Number Of Criminal Deportees By Age And Sex
Table 14: Countries From Which Criminals Were Deported
Table 15: Scope Of Regulations On Number Of Reports Of Suspicious Transactions
Table 16: Number Of Inmates Imprisoned For Drug Related Offenses By Age Group And
Gender
Table 17: Nationality Of Inmates Convicted To Prisons By Gender And Nationality
Table 18: Types Of Drug-Related Convictions Of Inmates By Gender
Table 19: Tests Conducted For Presence Of Controlled Drugs
Table 20: Mortality: Alcohol Cirrhosis Of The Liver, 2005 To 2011
Table 21: Mortality: Alcohol Liver Disease, 2005 To 2011
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GRENDEN ANNUAL REPORT 2012
List of Figures
Figure 1: Map Of Grenada
Figure 2: Preliminary Population By Parish And Sex
Figure 3: Number Of Persons Admitted For Drug-Related Treatment, 2012
Figure 4: Age Range Of Persons Admitted For Drug-Related Treatment, 2012
Figure 5: Number Of Males Admitted For Drug-Related Treatment By Type Of Drug, 2012
Figure 6: Number Of Females Admitted For Drug-Related Treatment By Type Of Drug, 2012
Figure 7: Number Of Persons Arrested For Drug-Related Offenses, 2012
Figure 8: Age Range Of Persons Arrested For Drug-Related Offenses, 2012
Figure 9: Age Range Of Persons Deported To Grenada For Criminal Offenses, 2012
Figure 10: Number Of Persons Sentenced To Prisons For
Drug-Related Offenses, 2012
Figure 11: Age Range Of Persons Sentenced To Prisons For Drug-Related Offenses, 2012
4
GRENDEN ANNUAL REPORT 2012
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Drug Control Secretariat wishes to thank all Officers, Ministries and Departments, who
provided statistical data, conducted research on drug use, and contributed to the production
of the, „Grenada Drug Epidemiology Network (GRENDEN) Annual Report, 2012‟.
Special thanks to the following Officials who worked assiduously in the preparation of the said
report:
Ms. Verlina Straker, Medical Records Clerk, Medical Records Department, General Hospital
Mr. Eric Mitchell, Principal Officer (Reception), Her Majesty‟s Prisons
Mr. Kester Sylvester, Prison Officer, Her Majesty‟s Prisons
Ms. Portia Fraser, Customs Officer, Customs and Excise Department
Mr. Urban Norcisse, Corporal, Financial Intelligence Unit, Royal Grenada Police Force
Mr. Sharm Roberts, Corporal, Criminal Investigation Department, Royal Grenada Police
Force
Mr. Toppin Pierre, Sergeant, Criminal Records Office, Royal Grenada Police Force
Mr. Gary Cox, Nurse, Carlton House
Ms. Marcelle Belmar, Pharmacy Inspector, Ministry of Health
Mr. Sean Henry, Chief Analytical Chemist, Produce Chemist Laboratory
5
GRENDEN ANNUAL REPORT 2012
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The 2012 GRENDEN report provides an overview of statistical data collected regarding illicitdrug consumption and related activity in Grenada. Data was reported for the following:
treatment, admissions, arrests, , number of criminal deportees, firearms forfeited in drug
traffick ing arrests, number of persons sentenced to prison for drug related offenses, number
of tests administered for the presence of drugs, drug seizures, administrative controls of
diversion of pharmaceutical products and controlled chemical s ubstances, illicit laboratories,
financial crimes and school or other surveys.
The report also highlights an overview of GRENDEN‟s accomplishments for the year 2012.
Specific Trends By Drug Category/Drug-Related Issues
i.
The drug of primary concern in Grenada is marijuana, which correlates with the
majority of arrests and convictions (for possession).
ii.
The majority of arrests for drug trafficking in Grenada are for cocaine.
Summary Of Recommendations/Follow -Up Actions For GRENDEN
i.
Methodology for reporting drug-related data needs to be optimized.
ii.
Establish mechanisms which would enable the collection of data on drug-related
mortality and vehicular accidents relating to drug use.
iii.
The factors influencing student drug use and or experimentation should be examined
and addressed.
iv.
At-risk students should be evaluated to determine the extent to which drug use
impacts academic performance.
6
GRENDEN ANNUAL REPORT 2012
INTRODUCTION
Grenadian Demographics
Grenada is the most southerly of the Windward Islands. The state consists of three islands
forming an archipelago—Grenada, Carriacou and Petite Martinique. The largest island,
Grenada, is the seat of Government and has the largest population base. Together, the
islands have a landmass of more than 340 square kilometers.
The island of Grenada is mountainous and, situated in the path of the North East Trade
Winds, sustains relatively high annual rainfall, which supports a substantial rainforest, known
as Grand Etang. Overall, the country is divided into seven parishes, with Carriacou and Petit
Martinique counted as one parish.
Figure 1: Map Of Grenada
Grenada is governed as a parliamentary democracy, after having gained independence for
the United Kingdom in 1974. The legislative branch of Grenadian government is made up of a
bicameral legislature composed of a 15-member elected House of Representatives and a 13member appointed Senate. Executive powers are vested in the Prime Minister, as head of
7
GRENDEN ANNUAL REPORT 2012
government, and in the Cabinet. The chief of state is the Governor General, who represents
the British Crown. The country has several active political parties, and general elections are
held every five years (UNDP 2005).
In 2011, the population of Grenada was 103,328, comprising of 52,651 males and 50,677
females.
Figure 2: Preliminary Population By Parish And Sex
2011
PARISH
TOTAL
MALE
FEMALE
St. George's (TOWN)
St. George (REST)
St. John
2,982
33,841
7,802
1,478
17,167
4,037
1,504
16,674
3,765
St. Mark
St. Patrick
St. Andrew
4,086
10,980
25,722
2,131
5,644
13,121
1,955
5,336
12,601
12,561
5,354
103,328
6,367
2,706
52,651
6,194
2,648
50,677
St. David
Carriacou
TOTAL
Source: Visitation Records, Population and Housing Census 2011
Background to Network
On 11 December 2002, the workshop, “Network To Improve Recording, Exchange And
Compatibility Of Data Between Agencies,” convened, resulting in the establishment of the
Grenada Drug Information Network (GRENDIN), a resource to facilitate the collection and
dissemination of data.
The Grenada Drug Information Network (GRENDIN) aims to provide a forum for the
promotion and use of international standard indicators for drug abuse, as represented in
regional and international reporting requirements.
Grenada Drug Information Network (GRENDIN)
The Grenada Drug Information Network (GRENDIN) is the mechanism through which
Grenada collects, analyzes, and disseminates information on illicit drugs and related
infractions, for the purpose of monitoring trends, developing policy, and implementing
appropriate programmes and responses. GRENDIN is comprised of, but not limited to,
institutions that monitor and administer drug control.
The objectives of GRENDIN are:
i.
To provide accurate, relevant and timely statistical data on the nature and extent of
the drug situation in Grenada;
ii.
To increase coordination, dialogue, and cooperation among institutions responsible
for drug control through the exchange of pertinent statistical information, and
iii.
To inform policy makers and the general public on drug trends and related matters.
8
GRENDEN ANNUAL REPORT 2012
Grenada Drug Epidemiology Network (GRENDEN)
In October 2012, Cabinet approved a recommendation by the Drug Control Secretariat that
the name, 'Grenada Drug Information Network (GRENDIN)' be amended to, ‘Grenada
Drug Epidemiology Network (GRENDEN)'.
The term, ‘drug information', which forms
part of the name of the Grenada Drug Information Network, was deemed to be limited in
scope. It conveyed the idea of drug prevention information, rather than the collection, analysis
and dissemination of drug-related statistics data, trends, and other relevant data, which are
outlined in GRENDIN's mandate. It was therefore proposed that the term, 'information', be
replaced with, 'Epidemiology'. Epidemiology refers to the study of the distribution and
patterns of health-events, health-characteristics and their causes or influences, in well-defined
populations. It is the cornerstone method of public health research and practice, and helps
inform policy decisions and evidence-based medicine by identifying risk factors for diseas e
and targets for preventive medicine and public policies.
GRENDEN’ s Leadership and Progress
GRENDEN has significantly improved Grenada‟s ability to participate in local, regional and
international drug control projects and programmes, and moreover, has played a major role in
the implementation of Grenada‟s national drug control programme. To date, GRENDEN has
conducted nine (9) annual meetings and five (5) annual review meetings.
The Drug Control Secretariat functions as the National Observatory on Drugs in Grenada, and
administers the operations of GRENDEN.
GRENDEN Statistical Report of Indicators
GRENDEN Statistical Reports of Indicators and other related documents about GRENDEN
and can found on the webpage: www.gov.gd/ncodc.html
9
GRENDEN ANNUAL REPORT 2012
OVERVIEW OF DRUG SITUATION AND TRENDS
For the period of 1 January to 31 December 2012, the following statistical data was collected
with respect to drug consumption in Grenada.
Twelve (12) Indicators, which comprise the GRENDEN Questionnaire of Indicators, were
used to collect and disseminate drug-related statistical data.
No.
GRENDEN Indicators
Ministries /Departments Responsible For
Completion Of Indicators
1A
Admissions, Rathdune Psychiatric
Unit
Rathdune Psychiatric Unit
1B
Admissions, Carlton House
Carlton House
1C
Admissions, General Hospital
Medical Records Office, General Hospital
2
Scope of the Mechanisms for the
Control of the Diversion of
Pharmaceutical Products and
Controlled Chemicals
Pharmacy Unit, Ministry of Health
3
4
Drug-Related Mortality
Seizures (Customs)
Epidemiology Unit, Ministry of Health
Customs and Excise Department
5
Seizures, Arrests, Court Cases,
Criminal Records Office
Criminal Records Office, Royal Grenada Police
Force
6
Criminal Deportees
Criminal Investigation Department, Royal
Grenada Police Force
7
Financial Crimes
Financial Intelligence Unit
8
Firearms, Ammunition, Explosives,
Other Related Materials
Office of Commissioner of Police, Royal
Grenada Police Force
9
Incarceration
Her Majesty‟s Prisons
10
Tests For Presence of Controlled
Drugs
Produce Chemist Laboratory
11
Extent, Patterns And Trends In Drugs
Drug Control Secretariat
12
Magnitude Of Drug Consumption
Drug Control Secretariat
10
GRENDEN ANNUAL REPORT 2012
A. General Population Surveys:
No general population survey on drug use was conducted in 2012.
B. School or Youth Surveys:
No school or youth surveys were conducted in 2012.
C. Existing Data Sources:
Summary of GRENDEN Statistical Report of Indicators, 1 January to 31 December 2012.
i.
Admissions
558 persons were admitted to treatment facilities for problems derived from the consumption
of drugs; 506 (91%) were males and 52 (9%) females.
a. Rathdune Psychiatric Unit – 363 persons
i. Males:
337 (93. %)
ii. Females:
26 (7. %)
b. Carlton House Treatment Centre – 27 persons
i. Males:
23 (85%)
ii. Females:
c.
4 (15%)
General Hospital – 168 persons
i. Males:
146 (88%)
ii. Females:
22 (12%)
Figure 3: Number Of Persons Admitted For
Drug-Related Treatment, 2012
Number of Persons Admitted For
Drug-Related Treatment, 2012
52
9%
506
91%
Males
Females
11
GRENDEN ANNUAL REPORT 2012
Figure 4: Age Range Of Persons Admitted For
Drug-Related Treatment, 2012
No. Of Persons
Age Range Of Persons Admitted For
Drug-Related Treatment, 2012
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
556
305
3
13
50
74
57
54
< 15
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40 and TOTAL
above
Age Range (Years)
Table 1: Number Of Patients Admitted To Rathdune Psychiatric Unit For Problems
Derived From The Consumption Of Drugs
Age Range
< 15
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40 and above
TOTAL
Males
0
5
39
50
47
33
163
337
Females
0
0
3
1
5
3
14
26
Total
0
5
42
51
52
36
177
363
Table 2: Number Of Patients Admitted To Rathdune Psychiatric Unit For Problems
Derived From The Consumption Of Drugs, By Types Of Drugs, Age Range And Gender
Drug
Alcohol
Tobacco
Marijuana
Cocaine
Crack
Poly
Drugs
(with
Cocaine/Crack)
Poly Drugs (without
Cocaine/Crack)
Other Drugs
TOTAL
Males
58
0
74
0
0
44
Age Range
20-68
161
1
Age Range
30-64
16-59
Females
8
0
3
0
0
3
20-26
Total
66
0
77
0
0
47
17-66
12
24-53
173
19-52
0
337
0
26
43-49
0
363
1 Age range refers to the age of the youngest and oldest patient admitted for the problems
derived from the consumption of the particular drug.
12
GRENDEN ANNUAL REPORT 2012
Table 3: Number Of Patients Admitted To Carlton House For Problems Derived
From The Consumption Of Drugs
Age Range
< 15
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40 and above
TOTAL
Males
0
3
3
8
2
2
5
23
Females
0
0
0
2
0
0
2
4
Total
0
3
3
10
2
2
7
27
Table 4: Number Of Patients Admitted To Carlton House For Problems Derived From
The Consumption Of Drugs, By Types Of Drugs, Age Range And Gender
Drug
Alcohol
Tobacco
Marijuana
Cocaine
Crack
Poly
Drugs
(with
Cocaine/Crack)
Poly Drugs (without
Cocaine/Crack)
Other Drugs
TOTAL
Males
8
0
12
0
1
2
Age Range
26-57
Females
2
1
0
0
1
0
16-39
54
26-54
Age Range
34-47
29
26
Total
10
1
12
0
2
2
0
0
0
0
23
0
4
0
27
Table 5: Number Of Patients Admitted To The General Hospital For Problems Derived
Form The Consumption Of Drugs By Age Group And Gender
Age Range
< 15
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40 and above
TOTAL
Males
2
4
4
13
4
16
103
146
Females
1
1
1
0
1
0
18
22
Total
3
5
5
13
5
16
121
168
Table 6: Number Of Patients Admitted To The General Hospital For Problems Derived
From The Consumption Of Drugs, By Types of Drugs, Age Range and Gender
Drug
Alcohol
Tobacco
Marijuana
Cocaine
Crack
TOTAL
Males
141
0
4
1
0
146
Age Range
12-85
15-37
Females
21
0
1
0
0
22
Age Range
32-74
20
Total
162
0
5
1
0
168
13
GRENDEN ANNUAL REPORT 2012
FIGURE 5: NUMBER OF MALES ADMITTED FOR
DRUG-RELATED TREATMENT BY TYPE OF DRUG, 2012
Number Of Males Admitted For Treatment,
By Type Of Drug, 2012
161
32%
Alcohol
207
41%
Tobacco
46
9%
Marijuana
90
18%
Cocaine
1
0%
1
0%
0
0%
FIGURE 6: NUMBER OF FEMALES ADMITTED FOR
DRUG-RELATED TREATMENT BY TYPE OF DRUG, 2012
Number Of Females Admitted For Treatment,
By Type Of Drug, 2012
Alcohol
12
23%
Tobacco
6%
Marijuana
8%
2%
0%
31
59%
Cocaine
Crack
2%
Poly Drugs (with
Cocaine/Crack)
14
GRENDEN ANNUAL REPORT 2012
ii.
Scope of the Mechanisms for the Control of Diversion of Pharmaceutical
Products and Controlled Chemical Substances
a.
Number of sanctions applied for pharmaceutical products: 4
b.
Number of seizures of pharmaceutical products containing controlled
substances: 0
c.
Number of disposal of pharmaceutical products containing controlled
substances: 0
d.
Number of sanctions applied for chemical precursors: 0
e.
Number of disposal of chemical precursors: 0
f.
Number of Pre-Export Notifications for controlled chemical substances
received: 0
Table 7: Number Of Administrative And Regulatory Activities Imposed In
Connection With Control Of Pharmaceutical Products
Licenses Issued
1. Importers
2. Exporters
3. Manufacturers
4. Distributors
5. Other
Number of licenses issued
21
0
0
21
2
Number of permits issued for:
1. Importation
2. Exportation
3. Other
31
0
0
NUMBER OF INSPECTIONS CONDUCTED
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Pharmacies
Importers
Exporters
Manufacturers
Distributors
Others (specify)
37
2
0
0
5
0
Table 8: Number Of Sanctions Applied By Type For Pharmaceutical Products
Types Of Sanctions
Penal
Civil
Administrative
Number Of Sanctions
0
0
4
15
GRENDEN ANNUAL REPORT 2012
iii.
Arrests, Convictions, Seizures
Arrests:
Arrest data all persons: 819 persons were arrested and charged for drug related offences.
i.
Males: 769 (94%)
ii.
Females: 50 (6%)
Arrest data for adolescents: 92 persons between the ages of 15 and 19 years were arrested
and charged for drug-related offences.
i.
Males: 85 (92%)
ii.
Females: 7 (8 %)
Arrest data for possession of drugs within 100 yards of schools: 5 persons.
Table 9: Number of Number Of Persons Arrested And Charged For All
Drug-Related Offences By Age Group and Gender
Age Range
(Years)
< 15
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40 and above
Males
Females
Total
2
66
167
162
107
80
181
1
4
7
19
15
1
2
3
70
174
181
122
81
183
Age not stated
TOTAL
4
769
1
50
5
819
16
GRENDEN ANNUAL REPORT 2012
FIGURE 7: NUMBER OF PERSONS ARRESTED FOR DRUG-RELATED
OFFENSES, 2012
Number of Persons Arrested For
Drug-Related Offenses, 2012
50
6%
Males
Females
769
94%
FIGURE 8: AGE RANGE OF PERSONS ARRESTED FOR
DRUG-RELATED OFFENSES, 2012
No. Of Persons
Age Range Of Persons Arested For
Drug-Related Offenses, 2012
200
150
100
50
MALE
0
FEMALE
Age Range (Years)
Table 9: Nationality Of All Persons Arrested And Charged For All
Drug-Related Offences By Gender
Age Range
< 15
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40 and above
Age not stated
TOTAL
Males
2
66
167
162
107
80
181
4
769
Females
1
4
7
19
15
1
2
1
50
Total
3
70
174
181
122
81
183
5
819
17
GRENDEN ANNUAL REPORT 2012
Table 10: Drug-Related Offences Committed By All Persons Arrested and Charged
For Drug Drug-Related Offences By Gender
Drug-Related Offences Committed By
All Persons Arrested And Charged
Possession of marijuana
Cultivation of marijuana
Possession of cocaine
Trafficking
Possession with intent to supply
Possession of apparatus
Possession within 100 yards of school
Handling a controlled drug
Doing an act preparatory to drug
trafficking
Misuse of a controlled drug
Conspiracy to traffic a controlled drug
Males
Females
Total
465
39
34
54
132
34
5
1
1
25
4
3
5
13
0
0
0
0
490
43
37
59
145
34
5
1
1
2
1
0
0
2
1
Convictions:
136 persons were convicted for drug-related offences.
i.
Possession of drugs: 132 (97%)
ii.
Drug trafficking: 4 (3%)
Table 11: Number Of Persons Convicted For Drug-Related Offences
Conviction
Possession of drugs
Trafficking of drugs
TOTAL
Males
121
2
123
Females
11
2
13
Total
132
4
136
Seizures:
Drugs seized by law enforcement Officers in 2012 were: cannabis, cocaine and its derivative
crack.
Table 12: Drug Seizures By Type and Quantities
Drug
Cocaine hydrochloride
Crack
Cannabis plants
Cannabis leaf
Cannabis cigarettes
Cannabis seeds
Unit Of
Measurement
kg
g
un
kg
un
g
Quantity Seized
10.5679
597
11,875
940.308
2,958
659.13
18
GRENDEN ANNUAL REPORT 2012
iii.
Illicit Drug Laboratories
No illicit drug laboratories for drugs of natural or synthetic origin were detected and
dismantled.
iv.
Deportees
Number of criminal deportees:
criminal offences.
16 persons (all males) were deported to Grenada for
Table 13: Number Of Criminal Deportees By Age And Sex
Age Range
< 15
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40 and above
TOTAL
Male
Female
Total
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
2
4
3
3
16
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
2
4
3
3
16
Table 14: Number Of Criminal Deportees Arrested And Charged By Age And Sex ,
Subsequent To Deportation
Age Group
< 15
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40 and above
TOTAL
Male
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
3
Female
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
3
19
GRENDEN ANNUAL REPORT 2012
FIGURE 9: AGE RANGE OF PERSONS DEPORTED TO GRENADA
FOR CRIMINAL OFFENSES, 2012
Age Range of Persons Deported To Genada
For Criminal Offenses, 2012
No. Of Persons
5
3
Male
Female
1
< 15
15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40 and
above
Age Range (Years)
v.
Financial Crimes
.
i.
One (1) person was arrested for laundering of money derived from illegal drugs.
ii.
One-hundred and fifty-six (156) suspicious transactions were reported by financial
institutions to the Financial Intelligence Unit.
Table 15: Scope Of Regulations On Number Of Reports Of Suspicious Transactions
Type Of Entity Or
Profession
Banks
Money-transfer firms
Others
TOTAL
vi.
Number Of Reports Of
Suspicious Transactions
(R.S.T.) To Financial
Intelligence Unit (FIU)
36
118
2
156
Number Of Reports Of
Suspicious Transactions
(R.S.T.) To The FIU Regarding
Drugs
0
0
0
0
Firearms
No firearms, ammunition, explosives or other related materials were forfeited in relation to
drug trafficking.
20
GRENDEN ANNUAL REPORT 2012
vii.
Incarcerations
Number of persons sentenced to prison for drug related offences :
were sentenced to prison for drug-related offences.
i.
Male: 51 (98%)
ii.
Female: 1 (2 %)
Fifty-two (52) persons
Table 16: Number Of Inmates Imprisoned For Drug Related Offenses
By Age Group And Gender
Age Range
< 15
15-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40 and above
TOTAL
Males
0
6
9
14
5
4
13
51
Females
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
Total
0
6
9
14
6
4
13
52
FIGURE 10: NUMBER OF PERSONS SENTENCED TO PRISONS FOR
DRUG-RELATED OFFENSES, 2012
Number Of Persons Sentenced To Prisons
For Drug-Related Offenses, 2012
1
2%
51
98%
Males
Females
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GRENDEN ANNUAL REPORT 2012
FIGURE 11: AGE RANGE OF PERSONS SENTENCED TO PRISONS FOR
DRUG-RELATED OFFENSES, 2012
No. Of Persons
Age Range Of Persons Sentenced To Prisons
For Drug-Related offenses, 2012
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Male
Female
< 15
15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40 and
above
Age Range (Years)
Table 17: Nationality Of Inmates Convicted To Prisons By Gender And Nationality
Nationality
Grenadian
British
Vincentian
TOTAL
Male
50
0
1
51
Female
0
1
0
1
Total
50
1
1
52
Table 18: Types of Drug-Related Convictions Of Inmates By Gender
Convictions
Possession of a controlled drug
Cultivation of a controlled drug
Possession of apparatus
Trafficking a controlled drug
TOTAL
viii.
Male
38
1
7
5
51
Female
1
0
0
0
1
Total
39
1
7
5
52
Tests for the Presence of Drugs
329 tests were conducted by the Produce Chemistry Laboratory, for the presence of cannabis
and cocaine in substances.
22
GRENDEN ANNUAL REPORT 2012
Table 19: Tests Conducted For Presence Of Controlled Drugs
Type Of Drug
Number of
Samples
Submitted
290
13
23
326
Cannabis (Dried Plant Material)
Cannabis Plants
Cocaine Hydrochloride
TOTAL
ix.
Number of
Samples
Tested
293
13
23
329
Drug-Related Mortality
Data on drug-related mortality related to the consumption of drugs such as marijuana or
cocaine are not available due to various technical reasons. However, some data are
available for alcohol-related mortality, for the period 2005 to 2011. Data is not yet available
for 2012.
Table 20: Mortality: Alcohol Cirrhosis Of The Liver, 2005 To 2011
YEAR
Males
Age Range
Females
Age Range
2005
1
82 years
0
1
2006
1
80 years
0
1
2007
0
0
TOTAL
0
62 years
2008
1
38 years
1
2
53 years
2009
2
2010
34 & 63 years
1
3
0
0
0
2011
0
0
0
TOTAL
5
34 to 82 years
2
53 to 62 years
7
23
GRENDEN ANNUAL REPORT 2012
TABLE 21: MORTALITY: ALCOHOL LIVER DISEASE, 2005 To 2011
Year
Males
Age Range
2005
0
0
0
2006
0
0
0
2007
0
0
0
2008
0
0
0
2009
1
63 years
0
1
2010
1
65 years
1
2011
1
Not
Available
0
TOTAL
3
63 to
years
65
Females
1
Age Range
48 years
TOTAL
2
1
48 years
4
24
GRENDEN ANNUAL REPORT 2012
QUALITATIVE DATA
National Reports, Specialised Studies Or Major Studies About The Extent, Patte rns Or
Trends In Drugs, Published In The Past Year.
Title and Author:
Proposal for Policy Governing the Sale of Alcohol to and Consumption among Minors in Grenada;
Kara Ashby, Cherry-Ann George-Smith and Ivan Jak imovsk i, St. George’s University
Summary:
The paper examined several issues regarding the policy for the sale of alcohol and consumption
among minors in Grenada. These included:
i.
Public Health Significance: Negative health effects associated with alcohol drinking among
minors.
ii.
Alcohol drinking among minors worldwide, in the Caribbean and in Grenada.
iii.
Current legislation concerning the sale of alcohol in Grenada.
iv.
Factors which influences the consumption of alcohol among minors in Grenada.
v.
Proposals to address the problem of alcohol consumption among, and sale to minors in
Grenada.
vi.
Key actors in facilitating the policy.
vii.
Interaction among contextual factors, our proposed policy and key actors in addressing the
consumption and sale of alcohol to minors.
Results:
i.
Legal drinking age should be increased to 18 years.
ii.
Enforcement is necessary for proposed policy to be effective.
iii.
Population must be made aware of the significance of enacting policies to address the issue of
alcohol consumption and sale as it relates to minors.
iv.
Role of media in raising awareness on the issue of alcohol consumption and sale as it relates
to minors is necessary.
v.
Collaborative effort among key actors.
Conclusions:
The sale and consumption of alcohol among minors in Grenada is a problem. Legislation which
governs such practice is out-dated and should be amended. Appropriate policies should also be
established to address the issue of the sale and consumption of alcohol among minors.
25
GRENDEN ANNUAL REPORT 2012
Title and Author:
Is The Potential Decriminalization Of Marijuana In Jamaica Justified?; Andrea Cadet, Police Office,
Royal Grenada Police Force
Summary:
The paper examines the genesis of marijuana use in Jamaica and cultural practices associated with
marijuana use. It also assess the economic gain of decriminalization of marijuana, the criminality and
legal status of marijuana within the State and to determine whether it provides any justification for
decriminalization and legalization. Benefits to Jamaica that can result peradventure marijuana is
decriminalized, and the negative impact the present state of violence can have on the country,
combined with the decriminalization of marijuana were also discussed in the paper.
Results:
No applicable results to Grenada.
Conclusions:
The paper concludes that the political directorate finds itself between “a rock and a hard place” in
deciding between the “lesser of two evils”. The state must decide whether to denunciate its signatory
to the international laws on drugs and face the ramifications or whether to accede to the voice of the
masses and amend the constitution and Drug Act in support of marijuana decriminalization. Jamaica
must decide whether morals, values, stability of the state, are worth renouncing for the “ganja” dollar.
26
GRENDEN ANNUAL REPORT 2012
Title and Author:
Analysis Of Drug-Related Statistics, for the period 1 January To 30 June 2011 And 1 January To 30
June 2012; Drug Control Secretariat
Summary:
The analysis identifies percentage changes in various areas of drug control for the period, 1 January
To 30 June 2012, over 1 January To 30 June 2011. It does not identify factors which influence
these percentage changes.
Results:
The key findings of the analysis are inter alia:
i.
There was a 100% increase in the number of females admitted for treatment, with an increase
from seven (7) persons during the period 1 January to 30 June 2011, to 14 persons during the
period 1 January to 30 June 2012.
ii.
Of the four main areas monitored by the Drug Control Secretariat, for drug-related admissions
to the General Hospital, 68 % of admissions (23 patients) had medical problems with alcohol
liver disease.
iii.
No chemical precursors, or illicit pharmaceuticals containing controlled drugs, were seized by
law enforcement authorities during the period under review.
iv.
For the period 1 January to 30 June 2011 and 1 January to 30 June 2012, eight hundred and
fifteen (815) males and sixty (60) females were arrested for drug related incidences.
v.
Main drug-related offence committed by persons who were arrested and charged was the
possession of marijuana. Five hundred and forty four (544) persons (62%) were arrested and
charged for possession of marijuana.
vi.
Main country from which criminals were deported was the United States of America (20
deportees).
vii.
Increase by 115 % in the number of reports of Suspicious Transactions (RST) to the Financial
Intelligence Unit (FIU), during the period 1 January to 30 June 2012 (88 RST) as compared to
the period 1 January to 30 June 2011 (41 RST).
viii.
4 firearms were forfeited by the Royal Grenada Police Force, in relation to drug trafficking,
during the period 1 January to 30 June 2011. There were no seizures of firearms during the
period 1 January to 30 June 2012.
ix.
A total of fifty (50 males) and one (1) female were sentenced to prison for drug related crimes,
during the combined period 1 January to 30 June 2011 and 1 January 30 June 2012.
x.
Two hundred and fifty nine (259) samples tested for the presence of controlled drugs, for the period
1 January to 30 June 2011 and 1 January to 30 June 2012 combined.
Conclusions:
The use, production and trafficking of drugs continues to be a problem in Grenada. However, the
findings of the analysis indicate that some successes were achieved by the authorities in reducing the
problem.
27
GRENDEN ANNUAL REPORT 2012
Title and Author:
Analysis Of Homicides In Grenada, 1 January 2008 to 10 October 2012; Drug Control Secretariat
Summary:
This paper presents a statistical analytical overview of homicides in Grenada for the period 1 January
2008 to 10 October 2012. The paper does not examine factors which influenced these homicides, nor
does it provide strategies to prevent or reduce homicides .Grenada is a small country, both in size and
population.
Families and communities are close-knit. Given this situation, the occurrence of
homicides is quite traumatic and generally plunges the country into a state of, „shock and
bereavement‟.
Some 40 per cent of countries have homicide rates under 3 per 100,000 population, while in 17 per
cent of countries it is greater than 20 per 100,000, reaching 50 per 100,000 in some countries and as
high as 80 per 100,000 in others. Since 1995, the homicide rate has decreased in many countries,
mainly in Asia, Europe and Northern America, to the extent that it can be a relatively rare occurrence.
Yet it has increased in others, particularly Central America and the Caribbean, where today it can be
seen to be nearing crisis point. The rate of homicides in Grenada is 11.5 per 100,000 persons.
Results:
i.
62 homicides (48 males; 14 females) were committed between 1 January 2008 and 10
October 2012.
ii.
77 % of homicide victims were males; 23 % victims were females.
iii.
Most homicides were committed in 2008. (19 persons)
iv.
Most homicides of males occurred in 2008. (17 males)
v.
Most homicides of females occurred in 2012. (5 females)
vi.
Parish of St. George‟s recorded the highest number of homicides. (19 males; 7 females)
vii.
There were no homicides in the parish of St. Mark‟s.
viii.
No females were killed in the parishes of St. John‟s, St. Mark‟s and St. Patrick‟s.
ix.
The consumption of alcohol by the perpetrators and victims was involved prior to the
commission of some homicides.
x.
None of the homicides was connected to drug trafficking.
Conclusions:
The number of homicides committed in Grenada during the period under review is high, compared to
the world-wide rate of homicides. Further analysis of homicides in Grenada, for the period under
review is recommended.
28
GRENDEN ANNUAL REPORT 2012
ACHIEVEMENTS AND PRIORITY AREAS FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT
The following is a summary of the achievements of GRENDEN, for the period under review.
1.
The name, ‘Grenada Drug Information Network (GRENDEN), was amended to,
‘Grenada Drug Epidemiology Network (GRENDEN’, by the Cabinet.
2.
Collection of data on alcohol-related mortality, for the period 2005 to 2011.
3.
Created one new Indicator: GRENDEN Indicator 1D: Admissions: Mt. Gay
Psychiatric Hospital
4.
Ninth Annual GRENDEN Meetings on 7 December 2012.
5.
Launch of the document, „A Pictorial Analysis Of The Extent, Patterns And
Trends Of The Drug Situation In Grenada, 2001 To 2010.’
6.
Publication of several statistical reports inter alia:
i. GRENDEN Annual Report, 2011.
ii. GRENDEN Statistical Report of Indicators, 2011.
iii. GRENDEN Statistical Report of Indicators, 1988 to 2011.
iv. GRENDEN Statistical Report of Indicators, 2006 to 2011.
v.
GRENDEN Fact Sheets, March, June, September, December 2012.
vi. Analysis Of Drug-Related Statistics: 1 January To 30 June 2011 And
1 January To 30 June 2012.
vii. A Pictorial Analysis Of The Extent, Patterns And Trends Of The
Drug Situation In Grenada, 2001 To 2009; Drug Control Secretariat,
2012.
viii. An Analysis Of Homicides In Grenada, 2008 To 2012.
7.
Partnership with St. George‟s University (SGU) continues to be strengthened. Dr.
Cecilia Younger, Professor at SGU, participated in two regional meetings organized
by CICAD,
8.
GRENDEN provided technical assistance to other Caribbean countries, through
workshops organized by CICAD, for the establishment of their drug information
networks and the regional drug information network. These workshops were held in
St. Lucia (June 2012) and Antigua and Barbuda (August 2012).
9.
Preparation for the Third Secondary Schools Drug Prevalence Survey, to be
conducted in 2013.
10. Provided statistical data for various regional and international organizations including:
Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), World Health Organization (WHO), InterAmerican Drug Abuse Control Commission (CICAD).
29
GRENDEN ANNUAL REPORT 2012
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The following recommendations are proposed to strengthen the capacity of GRENDEN, and
by extension the Government of Grenada, to collect and analyses drug-related statistical
data.
Priority Areas For Future Development:
1.
Continued revision of existing Indicators.
2.
Formulation of new indicators such as: drug-related accidents in the workplace; drugrelated vehicular accidents.
3.
Training of personnel in data collection and analysis.
4.
Strengthen the structure of GRENDEN.
5.
Establishment of a mechanism to validate the statistics disseminated by GRENDEN.
6.
GIS should be included in the tracking and monitoring of drug offences.
7.
Tracking and monitoring of convictions should be conducted, with concurrent
reporting of the percentage of people arrested and convicted.
8.
Evaluate at-risk students to determine the extent to which drug use impacts academic
success.
9.
The effectiveness of drug treatment facilities should be evaluated.
10. Involving youth in the anti-drug strategy.
Identification Of Needs In Order To Address Priority Areas
1.
Strengthening of the institutional framework to monitor and evaluate drug activity
through developing technical capacity within each agency.
2.
Evaluate the economic and social impact of the drug industry.
3.
Develop technical capacity to monitor and evaluate drug control programmes.
4.
Document and understand the cultural connection of drugs.
5.
Increase the surveillance in port security to include alternative methods in detection of
crack cocaine, ecstasy and methamphetamines.
30
GRENDEN ANNUAL REPORT 2012
REFERENCES
Government of Greanda, Visitation Records, Population and Housing Census 2011
GRENDEN Statistical Report of Indicators, 2011
Statistics, Epidemiology Unit, Ministry of Health, 2011
31
GRENDEN ANNUAL REPORT 2012
APPENDIX 1
The following Officers were responsible for completing the GRENDEN Indicators:
Ms. Verlina Straker
Medical Records Clerk
Medical Records Department
General Hospital
Mr. Eric Mitchell
Principal Officer (Reception)
Her Majesty‟s Prisons
Mr. Kester Sylvester
Prison Officer
Her Majesty‟s Prisons
Ms. Portia Fraser
Customs Officer
Customs and Excise Department
Mr. Urban Norcisse
Corporal
Financial Intelligence Unit
Mr. Sharm Roberts
Corporal
Criminal Investigation department
Royal Grenada Police Force
Mr. Toppin Pierre
Sergeant
Criminal Records Office
Royal Grenada Police Force
Ms. Brenda Jones
Nurse
Rathdune Psychiatric Unit
Ms. Marcelle Belmar
Pharmacy Inspector
Mrs. Brenda Scott
Nurse Carlton House
Mr. Gary Cox
Nurse
Carlton House
Mr. Sean Henry
Chief Analytical Chemist
Produce Chemist Laboratory
32
GRENDEN ANNUAL REPORT 2012
APPENDIX 2: SUMMARY OF GRENDEN STATISTICAL REPORT OF INDICATORS 2012
Number Of Persons Arrested And Charged For Drug- Number Of Persons Sentenced to Prison For
Related Offences:
Drug-Related Offences:
 Eight hundred and nineteen (819) persons were
 Fifty-two (52 persons were sentenced to
arrested and charged for drug-related offences.
Prison for drug-related offences. (Males: 51;
(Males: 769; Females: 50)
Females: 1)

Eight hundred (800) persons arrested for drug-related
offenses were Grenadians.

Nine (9) percent of all persons arrested were
between ages 15 to 19 years; Twenty-two (22)
percent of all persons arrested were between
ages 40 years and over.
Age Range Of Persons Sentenced To Prisons For
Drug-Related Offences:
 15-19 years: 6 persons

20-24 years: 9 persons

25-29 years: 14 persons
 30-34 years: 6 persons
Number Of Persons Arrested And Charged For
Possession Of Drugs Within One Hundred Yards Of
 35-39 years: 4 persons
Schools:
 Five (5) persons was arrested and charged for
 40 years and over: 13 persons
possession of drugs within 100 yards of a
school.
Number Of Patients Admitted To Rathdune
Psychiatric Unit For Problems Derived From the
Number Of Persons Convicted For Drug-Related Consumption Of Drugs:
Offences:
 Three hundred and sixty-three (363)
 One hundred and thirty-six (136) persons
persons were admitted to Rathdune
were convicted of drug-related offences.
Psychiatric
Unit.
(Males: 337;
Females: 26)
Type And Quantity Of Drugs Seized By The Royal
Grenada Police Force:
Number Of Patients Admitted To General Hospital
For Problems Derived From the Consumption Of
 Cannabis plants: 11,875 units

Cannabis cigarettes: 2,958 units

Cannabis: 940 kg

Cocaine: 10.56 kg

Crack: 597 g
Number Of Criminal Deportees:

Sixteen (16) persons (males only) were deported to
Grenada for criminal offences. Ten (10) deportees)
were between ages 20 to 34 years, and six (6) were
35 years and over.
Firearms:
 Zero (0) firearms were forfeited in relation to drug
trafficking.
Drugs:
 One hundred and sixty-eight (168) persons were
admitted to the General Hospital. (Males 146;
Females: 22)
Number Of Patients Admitted To Carlton House
Treatment Centre For Problems Derived From the
Consumption Of Drugs:
 Twenty-seven (27) persons were admitted
to Carlton House Treatment Centre. (Males:
23; Females: 4)
Number Of Persons Arrested And Charged For
Money Laundering offences:
 One (1) case of investigation of laundering
of money derived from illegal drug
trafficking.
33