Section 4-4 & 4-6
“Cellular
Respiration /
Fermentation”
Write everything that is
BLACK
4.4 Cellular Respiration / 4.6 Fermentation
4.4 KEY CONCEPT
The overall process of cellular respiration
converts sugar into ATP using oxygen
4.4 Cellular Respiration / 4.6 Fermentation
Cellular respiration makes ATP by breaking
down sugars.
• Cellular respiration is aerobic (requires
oxygen)
• It happens in the mitochondria
mitochondrion
animal cell
4.4 Cellular Respiration / 4.6 Fermentation
• Glycolysis must take place first.
– anaerobic process (does not require oxygen)
– takes place in cytoplasm
– splits glucose into two three-carbon
molecules
– produces two ATP molecules
4.4 Cellular Respiration / 4.6 Fermentation
Cellular respiration is like a mirror image of
photosynthesis.
• The Krebs cycle transfers energy to an
electron transport chain.Krebs1 Cycle
– takes place in
mitochondrial matrix
– breaks down three-carbon
molecules from glycolysis
– makes a small amount
of ATP
– releases carbon dioxide
– transfers energy-carrying
molecules
mitochondrion
ATP
matrix (area enclosed
and
by inner membrane) 6CO
2
energy
2
3
energy from
glycolysis
and
6O2
inner membrane
ATP
and
6H2 O
4
4.4 Cellular Respiration / 4.6 Fermentation
• The electron transport chain produces a
large amount of ATP.
– takes place in inner
1
membrane
– energy transferred to
electron transport
Electron Transport
chain
3
– oxygen enters process
and
6O
– ATP produced
energy from
glycolysis
2
–water released as
a waste product
mitochondrion
matrix (area enclosed
by inner membrane)
ATP
and
6CO2
energy
2
inner membrane
ATP
and
6H2 O
4
4.4 Cellular Respiration / 4.6 Fermentation
• The equation for cellular respiration:
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O
• The reactants in photosynthesis are the same
as the products of cellular respiration.
4.4 Cellular Respiration / 4.6 Fermentation
4.6 KEY CONCEPT
Fermentation allows the
production of a small amount of
ATP without oxygen.
4.4 Cellular Respiration / 4.6 Fermentation
• Fermentation allows glycolysis to continue
making ATP when oxygen is unavailable.
• Fermentation is an anaerobic process
– occurs when oxygen is not available
for cellular respiration
– does not produce ATP
4.4 Cellular Respiration / 4.6 Fermentation
• Lactic acid fermentation occurs in
muscle cells
– glycolysis splits glucose into two pyruvate
molecules
– pyruvate and NADH enter fermentation
– energy from NADH converts pyruvate into lactic
acid
– NADH is changed back into NAD+
4.4 Cellular Respiration / 4.6 Fermentation
• Alcoholic fermentation is similar to
lactic acid fermentation
• Fermentation is used in food production.
–yogurt
–cheese
–bread
4.4 Cellular Respiration / 4.6 Fermentation
Pages 5, 6, & 7
1. Page 5 Title this page Cellular Respiration
-What is the function of cellular respiration?
-What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic?
-Which of the above does cellular respiration require?
-What does the kreb cycle do?
-What does the electron transport chain do?
2. Page 6 Title this page COMPARING PROCESSES
-On page 115 draw figure 4.12 and under each drawing
write the equation that fits the drawing
4.4 Cellular Respiration / 4.6 Fermentation
3. Page 7 Title this page Fermentation
-Write the key concept for fermentation Which type of
process is fermentation? What does that term
mean?
-Describe the difference between Lactic acid
fermentation and alcoholic fermentation.
-Give 3 examples of alcoholic fermentation