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สื่ อนาเสนอ พัฒนาทักษะกระบวนการคิด ด้ วยชุ ดกิจกรรมบูรณาการ
กลุ่มสาระการเรียนรู้ภาษาต่ างประเทศ ชั้นมัธยมศึกษาปี ที่ 5
ชุ ดที่ 6 เรื่อง LOGIC
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จุดประสงค์ การเรียนรู้
รู้คาศัพท์ เกีย่ วกับ เหตุและผล
เขียนเงื่อนไขความเป็ นเหตุเป็ นผลได้
เกิดทักษะกระบวนการคิด ด้ านสรุปอย่ างสมเหตุสมผล
เขียนเรื่องสมมุติเกีย่ วกับตนเอง “If I am …, I will…”
ได้ อย่ างสมเหตุสมผล
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สื่ อนาเสนอ พัฒนาทักษะกระบวนการคิด ด้ วยชุ ดกิจกรรมบูรณาการ
กลุ่มสาระการเรียนรู้ภาษาต่ างประเทศ ชั้นมัธยมศึกษาปี ที่ 5 ชุ ดที่ 6 เรื่อง
6.1 LOGIC : IF / THEN CONDITIONAL STATEMENT
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Logic is the mathematical principles
that use existing theorems to prove new ones.
Statement : Good students have good jobs.
The conditional in if / then
If they are good students, then they have good jobs.
hypothesis
สมมุติฐาน
conclusion
สรุ ป
ถ้ าพวกเขาเป็ นนักเรียนดี ดังนั้นพวกเขามีงานดี
FROMING CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS
People who arrive on the time in if / then form
1. Find the two ideas.
(1) people arrive on time
(2) people get good seats
2. Decide which idea will be the hypothesis and
which will be the conclusion.
Hypothesis : people arrive on time
Conclusion : people get good seats
If people arrive on time, then they get good seats.
ถ้ าพวกเขามาถึงทันเวลา ดังนั้นพวกเขาได้ ที่นั่งดี
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EXAMPLE: Write each conditional statement in if / then form.
1. A person who is 21 years old, then that person can vote.
ANS : If a person is 21 years old, then that person can vote.
ถ้ าคนคนหนึ่งอายุ 21 ปี ดังนั้นคนนั้นสามารถออกเสี ยงเลือกตั้งได้
2. The people on that basketball team are all over 6 ft tall.
ANS : If people are on that basketball team , then those
people are over 6 ft tall.
ถ้ าพวกเขาอยู่ในทีมบาสเกตบอลนั้น ดังนั้นพวกเขาสู งเกิน 6 ฟุต
Exercise A 6.1
: Write each conditional statement in if / then form.
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1. The jet flies to Belgium on Tuesday.
ANS : If it is Tuesday, then the jet flies to Belgium.
2. The bank is closed on Sunday.
ANS : If it is Sunday, then the bank is closed.
3. Jinny only goes swimming in water that is above 70˚.
ANS : If Jinny is swimming, then the water is above 70˚.
Exercise A 6.1
: Write each conditional statement in if / then form.
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4. All the members of the varsity tennis team are
seniors.
ANS : If a person is a tennis team member, then the
person is a senior.
5. A whole number that ends with a 2 is even.
ANS : If a whole number ends with a 2 , then the number
is even.
6. A polygon with 3 sides is a triangle.
ANS : If a polygon has 3 sides, then it is a triangle.
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Exercise A 6.1
: Write your own conditional statement in if / then form.
(Answers will vary)
7. Water is sufficient for using wisely.
ANS : If we use water wisely, then it is sufficient.
6.2 LOGIC : CONVERSE OF A CONDITIONL
When you switch (เปลีย่ นทางเดิน) the hypothesis and
conclusion in a conditional statement it called the
CONVERSE. (ตรงกันข้ าม)
Conditional : If a polygon has three sides, then it is a triangle.
Converse : If a polygon is a triangle, then it has three sides.
ถ้ ารูปเหลีย่ มมี 3 มุม ดังนั้นมันมี 3 ด้ าน
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EXAMPLE : Write the converse of each conditional.
1. If you are in the seventh grade, then you study algebra.
ANS : If you study algebra, then you are in the seventh grade.
2. If you add 3 and 4 , then you get a sum of 7.
ANS : If you got a sum of 7, then you added 3 and 4.
Exercise B 6.2
: Write the converse of each conditional
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1. If you multiplied 3 and 4 , then you got a product of 12.
ANS : If you got a product of 12,then you multiplied 3 and 4.
2. If an integer ends with 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9, then the integer is
odd.
ANS : If an integer is odd, then it ends in 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9.
Exercise B 6.2
: Write the converse of each conditional
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3. If Kimberly is 13 years old, then she is too young to vote.
ANS : If Kimberly is too young to vote, then she is 13 years old.
4. If X = 7, then X² = 49.
ANS : If X² = 49, then X = 7.
5. If an angle has a measure less than 90˚, then the angle is
acute.
ANS : If an angle is a acute, then it has a measure less than
90˚.
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Exercise B 6.2
: Write your own the converse of each conditional.
(Answer will vary)
6. If we plant many trees,
then it relieves the Global Warming.
ANS : If it relieves the Global Warming,
then we plant many trees.
6.3 LOGIC : NEGATIONS AND INVERSE OF A CONDITIONL
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A “negation” of a given statement has the opposite truth
value of the given statement.
Statement : Five is an odd number. (true)
Negation : Five is not an odd number. (false)
If 2 X = 8, then X = 4
Negate the
hypothesis
Inverse :
กลับกัน
Negate the
conclusion
If 2 X ≠ 8, then X ≠ 4
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EXAMPLE : Write the negation of each conditional.
1) 5 is grater than 4.
ANS : 5 is not grater than 4.
2) We will go to the beach this summer.
ANS : We will not go to the beach this summer.
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EXAMPLE : Write the inverse of each conditional.
3) If an integer ends with 0, then it is a multiple of 10.
ANS : If an integer does not end with 0,
then it is not a multiple of 10.
4) If you live in Patumthani, then you live in Thailand.
ANS : If you do not live in Patumthani,
then you do not live in Thailand.
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Exercise C 6.3: Write the negation of each conditional
1. A rectangle has four sides.
ANS : A rectangle has not four sides.
2. The donuts were eaten before noon.
ANS : The donut were not eaten before noon.
3. The playground will close at sundown.
ANS : The playground will not close at sundown.
4. Those two lines form an angle.
ANS : Those two lines form do not an angle.
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Exercise C 6.3: Write the inverse of each conditional
5. If today is Tuesday, then tomorrow is Wednesday.
ANS : If today is not Tuesday, then tomorrow is not
Wednesday.
6. If I am in Seattle, then I am in the state of Washington.
ANS : If I am not in Seattle, then I am not in the state
of Washington.
7. If you pass all your courses, then you will graduate.
ANS : If you do not pass all your courses, then you
will not graduate.
8. If two lines intersect, then they from four angles.
ANS : If two lines do not intersect, then they do not
from four angles.
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Exercise C 6.3
: Write your own the negation of each conditional.
(Answer will vary)
9) Man can change the environment.
ANS : Man can not change the environment.
: Write your own the inverse of each conditional.
(Answer will vary)
10) If man can change the environment, then the
environment have effect on man.
ANS : If man can not change the environment, then
the environment do not have effect on man.
6.4 LOGIC : CONTRAPOSITIVE OF A CONDITIONL
LOGIC : CONTRAPOSITIVE OF A CONDITIONAL
Conditional : If a number is even, then the number is divisible by 2.
Negate the
hypothesis
Negate the
conclusion
If a number is not even, the number is not divisible by 2.
If a number is not divisible by 2, then the number is not even.
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EXAMPLE : Write the contrapositive of each conditional.
1. If a number is divisible by 6, then it is divisible by 3.
ANS: If a number is not divisible by 3, then it is not divisible by 6.
2. If two lines are parallel, then they do not intersect.
ANS: If two lines intersects, then they are not parallel.
Exercise d 6.4
: Write the contrapositive of each conditional
1. If 3X = 6, then X = 2
ANS : If X ≠ 2, then 3X = 6.
2. If X ≠ 3, then 2X ≠ 6
ANS : If 2X =6, then X = 3.
3. If Bill is over 13 years old, then he buys an adult ticket.
ANS : If Bill does not buy an adult ticket,
then he is not over 13 years old.
4. If an angle has a measure of 90˚, then the angle is a right
angle.
ANS : If an angle is not a right angle,
then it does not have a measure of 90˚.
5. If a pentagon has five equal sides, then it is equilateral.
ANS : If a pentagon is not equilateral,
then it does not have five equal sides.
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Exercise D 6.4
: Write your own the negation of each conditional. (Answer will vary)
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6. If we promote recycling in school, then we can control pollution.
ANS :
If we can not control pollution,
then we do not promote recycling in school.
Exercise E 6.5 : Write an essay “If I am …, I will …” (The essay will vary, for
example)
If I am an architect, I will create and build a new modern
construction. Because I will be a good architect that always think about
the environment. The building that it I built will save energy. It can
reduce pollution. I will name my building “Grow Green Global”. Because I
like green color and trees. Grow Green Global will have many windows
for nature wind and light. I will grow many kinds of trees around it. The
garden will reduce the heat from the sun.
But now I am a student, I will try my best in order to have a seat
in a university. I will follow Iddhipada 4 : basic of success.
In the future, my dream will come true.
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