HFC-free refrigeration technology
for the retail
(Currently a technical revolution is taking place in the refrigeration industry)
CLIMATECHNO
Bart van der Wekken
October 2013
·2
F- gas regulations
Proposal new F-gas regulation:
•
From 1-1-2016 ban on new installations with R404A/R507
(GWP>2500)
•
From 1-1-2020 ban on all HFC’s in new installations
•
From 1-1-2017 ban on charging existing installations with
R404A/R507
Practical consequences:
•
Not wise building new installations with R404A/R507
(GWP>2500)
•
Remodeling: consideration R404A/R507
•
Intermediate solution: R407F (GWP=1850)
•
Future = CO2
·3
Natural refrigerants
Hydro Carbons (HC: e.g. Propane and Iso-butane)
•
Generally excepted in plug-in refrigeration
cabinets/refrigerators (charge < 150 gr.)
•
Market is growing for indirect systems; systems located
outdoors
•
High flammability
Ammonia (NH3)
•
Well known in industrial refrigeration technology
•
High toxicity
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
•
Retail refrigeration technology
•
High pressure
·4
Simplified scheme, Transcritical Booster CO2
•Charge 100% CO2 (HFC-free)
•Suitable for moderate climates
•Simple system (compared to cascade)
•For Dutch climate best solution
•TEWI reduction up to 45%
•Energy saving 15%
·5
Centralised refrigeration systems for supermarkets
Transcritical CO2 Booster, with LT and MT cabinets, is
the best solution for northern Europe (North of Paris)
More efficiënt
Equal
Less efficiënt
·6
Transcritical Booster CO2
Gascooler/Condenser
MT CO2 DX
Heat recovery
LT CO2 DX
MT Comp.
LT Comp.
ICMT
ETS
Receiver
Suction accumulator
Evaporator MT
Evaporator LT
Source: Bitzer
·7
H-log p-diagram
·8
Optimum high pressure
Temperature and pressure are in depended from each other
Source: Bitzer
Heat recovery
Heat recovery with CO2 booster
installation/vriesinstallatie
· 10
CO2 Booster for high temperature climates
CO2 booster systems are less
efficient at higher ambient
temperatures
Two solutions:
1.
Water spraying (reducing
ambient temp. with about 5K,
Tambient>28°C )
2.
Additional subcooling
system (R134a or HC)
· 11
COP Comparison
7.5
Refrigerant system
COPyear everage
Booster R404A
4,0
Booster CO2
4,7
Booster R404A + heat recovery
3,6
Booster CO2 + heat recovery
4,0
500
450
6.5
400
350
Hours/year
5.5
COP
300
4.5
250
200
3.5
150
100
2.5
50
1.5
0
Ambient temperature (°C)
uren
per per
jaaryear
Hours
Booster CO2/CO2
Booster R404A
Cascade R134a/CO2
· 12
CO2 emissions per CO2 eq/kg/year
Dutch supermarket; sales area 1200 m2
TEWI:
• GWP refrigerant
• leakage
• energy consumption
300,000
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
0
R404ABooster
Booster bij10%
10% lek
R404A
leakage
Booster
CO2 Booster
10% CO2/CO2
leakage
Indirect
(elektriciteitsopwekking)
Indirect
(electricity)
Direct
lekkage)
Direct(HFK
(HFK-leakage)
· 13
Safety issues for CO2 installations
AKV 10-xx met AKV-spoel 220VDC
AKV
18W
op EKC414A1
verdamper
ColdCel
room
evaporator
S1
Vloeistofleiding
Liquid line
zuigleiding
Suction line
Check valve
Terugslagklep
S2
S3
Alarm
unit unit
Alarm
•
•
•
Sensor
leak sensor
CO2
indetector
de cel
+/- 30cm
Leak detector in coldroom and machineroom
Alarm at 0,5% (5000ppm) CO2 MAC value
During an alarm the electronic expansion valve
(AKV) is closed and only the refrigerant charge
of the evaporater is leaking in to the room
Safety issues
Discharge safety valves outside
14
· 15
CO2 Booster CE/PED certified (module H/H1)
PS 30Bar
PS 45Bar
PS 120Bar
· 16
CO2 Booster
· 17
CO2 Booster
CO2 installations, Fri-Jado
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
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15.
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18.
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31.
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33.
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35.
36.
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38.
39.
Jan Linders, Venlo (Oktober 2009)
C1000, Leiderdorp (Mei2010)
Plus, Stellendam (Juni 2010)
Jan Linders, Deurne (Juli 2010)
Coop, Nijmegen (Juli 2010)
Plus, Benschop (Augustus 2010)
C1000, Spijkenisse (Augustus 2010)
Jan Linders, Sint Anthonis (September 2010)
Ahoy, Rotterdam (September 2010)
Plus, Den Hoorn (Oktober 2010)
C1000 van Garderen, Almere-Buiten (Oktober 2010)
Agrimarkt, Middelharnis (November 2010)
Deen, Wieringerwerf (November 2010)
C1000, Hoogezand (December 2010)
Jan Linders, Nuenen (Februari 2011)
Jan Linders, Herten (Februari 2011)
COOP, Ameide (April 2011)
Jan Linders, Wijchen (Mei 2011)
Dirk van den Broek, Goes (Mei 2011)
Bas van der Heijden, Bolnes (Augustus 2011)
Plus, Delft (Augustus 2011)
C1000, Bergen op Zoom (September 2011)
Jan Linders, Klimmen (September 2011)
Deen Uithoorn, (Oktober 2011)
Plus, Eindhoven (Oktober 2011)
Em-Té, Enschede (December 2011)
Em-Té, Rijssen (Februari 2012)
Dirk van den Broek, Amersfoort (Februari 2012)
Hoogvliet, Ede (April 2012)
COOP, Eemnes (Juni 2012)
Jan Linders, Nijmegen (Mei 2012)
Agrimarkt, Oud Beierland (Augustus 2012)
Albert Heijn, Amersfoort (Oktober 2012)
Deen, Purmerend (Februari 2013)
Plus, Margraten (Juni 2013)
Jumbo Oegstgeest (Sept. 2013)
Jumbo Breukelen (Sept 2013)
Hoogvliet Alphen a/d Rijn (Aug 2013)
Hoogvliet Bilthoven (Sept 2013)
18
· 19
Conclusions
Transcritical CO2 Booster best solution for
HFC-free refrigeration technology in the
retail.
•
Up to 15% less energy consumption
•
Up to 45% TEWI reduction
•
Suitable for heat recovery
Initial costs higher compared to HFC
technology
•
With increasing market share costs of CO2
components will decrease