Accredited Standards Committee
C63® - EMC
Draft C63.-5-201x Annex N
Site-Specific Qualification Procedure
for Hybrid Antennas
(intended to be used for the making of
ANSI C63.4-201x
Final Compliance Measurements)
Harry H. Hodes, NCE
Principal EMC Engineer
ACIL Corporation for EMC Proficiency Testing, Inc. [ACE-PT Inc.]
18 April 2012
1
Accredited Standards Committee
C63® - EMC
Summary of this Presentation
 Observations, Current Situation, & Problem-Requirement
Statement
 Ground Rules for Selecting the Technical Approach
 Overall Technical Approach
- Pre-requisites
- Dimensional, Frequency, and VSWR [Return Loss] Restrictions
- Required Equipment
- Qualification Test Setup, Qualification Test Procedure, and
Analysis of the Test Data
- Qualification Criteria (Pass/Fail Limits)
 Some Antennas that meet all of the Annex N Restrictions
 Some Antennas that do not meet all of the Annex N
Restrictions.
2
Accredited Standards Committee
C63® - EMC
Observations - I
 EMC PT data strongly indicate that, in some cases, the
use of hybrid antennas results in excellent, highly
repeatable measurements. (Note: variations of +/- 5 dB
or better from the “assigned value” have repeatedly
occurred).
3
Accredited Standards Committee
C63® - EMC
Observations - II
 In contrast, EMC PT data also strongly indicate that,
in some cases, the use of hybrid antennas has resulted
in gross measurement errors. (Note: variations of +/23 dB from the “assigned value” have repeatedly
occurred, in cases that were not obviously caused by
test operator egregious error).
4
Accredited Standards Committee
C63® - EMC
Observations - III
 In contrast, EMC PT data strongly indicate that the use
of biconical and LPDA antennas has resulted in much
smaller gross measurement errors. (Note: variations of
+/- 9 dB to +/- 12 dB from the “assigned value” have
repeatedly occurred, in cases that were not obviously
caused by test operator egregious error).
5
Accredited Standards Committee
C63® - EMC
Observations - IV
 Possible causes for these conflicting results:
- Use of large or very large hybrids (especially in
small semi-anechoic chambers at 3 m distances).
- some hybrids have an extremely high VSWR
(> 500:1 or more, especially in the 30 MHz to 70 MHz range).
- every manufacturer of hybrid antennas uses a different
BALUN design and a different arrangement of antenna
elements.
 The coupling responses of each model of hybrid antenna will vary
significantly with: test site size (i.e., 3 m, 5 m, or 10 m); test site style
(e.g., non wx-protected OATS, partially wx-protected OATS, full wxprotected OATS, symmetric semi-anechoic chambers, non-symmetric
semi-anechoic chambers, fully anechoic rooms); and, with varying RF
Absorber floor laydown pattern and wall/ceiling treatments.
 Hybrid Antennas have a significantly greater calibration MU than
biconicals and LPDAs (cf. CISPR 16-1-4:2010).
6
Accredited Standards Committee
C63® - EMC
Current Situation
 ANSI C63.4-2003:
- Section 4.1.5.3 refers
to ANSI C63.2-1996 for the list of acceptable
antennas. ANSI C63.2-1996 contains the following broadband antennas
for 30-1000 MHz (cf. Sections 15 and 15.5.4): biconical antenna, log
periodic antenna, double-ridged guide horn. There is no mention of
hybrid antennas. However, ANSI C63.2-1996 Section 15.5.4 further
states that linearly polarized broadband antennas are allowed, with the
biconical and log periodic as the recommended types. Since a hybrid
is classified as a linearly polarized antenna, it is accepted provided it
is calibrated using the latest edition of ANSI C63.5 or SAE-ARP958:1992, and, can be shown to be correlated with measurements
made with a tuned dipole with an “acceptable” degree of accuracy.
- Does NOT allow the use of hybrid antennas for making NSA
measurements. (Note: only Roberts-type Tuned Dipoles, Biconicals,
and LPDAs are allowed when making NSA measurements).
7
Accredited Standards Committee
C63® - EMC
ANSI C63.4-2009 Current Situation - I
 Table 1 does not include hybrid antennas. The intent of the ANSI C63.42009 maintenance team was to prohibit the use of hybrid antennas for
making final compliance measurements.
 Notwithstanding this fact, ANSI C63.4-2009 states that CISPR 16-14:2007-02 is a normative reference.
 Per CISPR 16-1-4:2007-02, a broadband antenna may be used provided it meets
the requirements in CISPR 16-4-2:2007-02 Clause 4.4.1.3 (30-300 MHz) and Clause
4.5.2 (300-1000 MHz). CISPR 16-4-2:2007-02 Clause 4.4.1.3 refers to the CISPR 164-2:2007-02 Clause 4.5.2 requirements, which are summarized as:
1) Linearly polarized antenna,
2) Main lobe and reflected lobe within 1 dB; i.e. broad beam or pointed antenna,
3) Antenna with a 2:1 SWR at receiver,
4) Antenna calibration to meet the requirements in 4.1 of CISPR 16-1-4:2007-02.
The above is subject to the ANSI C63.4-2009 Clause 4.5.3 requirement that an
antenna is acceptable “provided that the measurement can be correlated with
that made with a tuned dipole with an acceptable degree of accuracy”.
8
Accredited Standards Committee
C63® - EMC
ANSI C63.4-2009 Current Situation - II
 In addition, ANSI C63.4-2009 also states that ANSI C63.2-2009 is a normative
reference. ANSI C63.2-2009, in turn, specifies an undated reference to CISPR 16-1-1
as its only normative reference, and notes that the sensor specifications in Table 1,
Note 2 of CISPR 16-2-1, CISPR 16-2-2, and CISPR 16-2-3 Measurement Procedures
are applicable. CISPR 16-2-3 Clause 7.3.7 states that antennas need to conform to
CISPR 16-1-4. In CISPR 16-1-4:2010-04 Clause 4.5.1 it is stated that:
“The antenna shall be a dipole-like antenna designed to measure the E-field, and the free-space antenna
factor shall be used. The antenna types include: a) tuned dipole antennas, whose element pairs are either
straight rods or conical in shape; b) dipole arrays such as the log-periodic dipole array (LPDA) antennas,
comprising a series of staggered sets of straight rod elements; c) and hybrid antennas.”
However, CISPR 16-1-4:2010-04 Clause 4.5.3 also imposes conditions that are
summarized here:
- The antenna must be linearly polarized,
- The antenna must meet balance test of Clause 4.5.4 for frequencies below 200 MHz,
- The antenna must meet the conditions for beam width described in Clause 4.5.3(c),
- The antenna must have a Return Loss of 10 dB or more,
- The antenna calibration factors must meet the Clause 4.1 requirements.
Regardless, the use of hybrid antennas is subject to the ANSI C63.4-2009 Clause
4.5.3 requirement that an antenna is acceptable “provided that the measurement
can be correlated with that made with a tuned dipole with an acceptable degree
9
of accuracy”.
Accredited Standards Committee
C63® - EMC
ANSI C63.4-2009 Current Situation - III
 In addition, ANSI C63.4-2009 also states that ANSI C63.2-2009 is a normative
reference. ANSI C63.2-2009, in turn, specifies an undated reference to CISPR 16-1-1
as its only normative reference, and notes that the sensor specifications in Table 1,
Note 2 of CISPR 16-2-1, CISPR 16-2-2, and CISPR 16-2-3 Measurement Procedures
are applicable. CISPR 16-2-3 Clause 7.3.7 states that antennas need to conform to
CISPR 16-1-4. In CISPR 16-1-4:2010-04 Clause 4.5.1 it is stated that:
“The antenna shall be a dipole-like antenna designed to measure the E-field, and the freespace antenna factor shall be used. The antenna types include: a) tuned dipole antennas,
whose element pairs are either straight rods or conical in shape; b) dipole arrays such as the
log-periodic dipole array (LPDA) antennas, comprising a series of staggered sets of straight
rod elements; c) and hybrid antennas.”
However, CISPR 16-1-4:2010-04 Clause 4.5.3 also imposes conditions that are
summarized here:
- The antenna must be linearly polarized,
- The antenna must meet balance test of Clause 4.5.4 for frequencies below 200 MHz,
- The antenna must meet the conditions for beam width described in Clause 4.5.3(c),
- The antenna must have a Return Loss of 10 dB or more,
- The antenna calibration factors must meet the Clause 4.1 requirements.
The above is subject to the ANSI C63.4-2009 Clause 4.5.3 requirement that an
antenna is acceptable “provided that the measurement can be correlated with 10
that made with a tuned dipole with an acceptable degree of accuracy”.
Accredited Standards Committee
C63® - EMC
ANSI C63.4-2009 Current Situation - IV
-
ANSI C63.4-2009 does NOT allow the use of hybrid
antennas for making NSA measurements. (Note:
only Roberts-type Tuned Dipoles, Biconicals, and
LPDAs
are
allowed
when
making
NSA
measurements).
 Note that CISPR 16-1-4:2010-04 specifically
allows (but does not recommend) the use of
hybrid antennas for making NSA measurements
(cf. Clause 5.4.2.3.1 Note 2).
11
Accredited Standards Committee
C63® - EMC
ANSI C63.4-2009 Current Situation - V
 Unfortunately, if you are a user of hybrid antennas, and, you
want to perform final compliance tests on products, none of
this really is of any practical help because:
- almost no one has the required data needed to show
compliance with all of the requirements of CISPR 16-14:2010-04 Clause 4.5.3;
- the CISPR 16-4-2:2007-02 Clause 4.5.2 requirement to meet the
“antenna having a 2:1 SWR at the receiver” will be difficult or
impossible unless a “pad” attenuator AND a pre-amplifier are
used (which will create many other problems);
- there is no clear statement in ANSI C63.4-2009 of what “an
acceptable degree of accuracy” actually is (w.r.t.
measurement correlation with those made with a tuned
dipole).
12
Accredited Standards Committee
C63® - EMC
Problem-Requirement Statement
 What is required is a technically reasonable, practical,
test-site-specific qualification test procedure that can
be used to objectively determine whether or not a
given hybrid antenna is acceptable (or not
acceptable) for use in making final compliance
measurements on products in accordance with ANSI
C63.4.
 “technically reasonable” means that appropriate hybrid antenna
designs should be acceptable.
 “practical” means that the procedure can be accomplished at
reasonable cost with regularly-available test equipment.
 “objectively determined” means that the acceptance criteria are
based on the actual measurement uncertainties of the actual
13
qualification test procedure, and not on arbitrary criteria.
Accredited Standards Committee
C63® - EMC
Ground Rules for Selecting the Technical Approach - I
 Must contain a definition of what a “hybrid antenna” is
for the purpose of the Qualification Test Procedure.
Achieve a reasonable balance between best technical
practices and the concerns of economic operators.
 Qualification Test Procedure must be both test-site
specific and antenna-specific.
Use the “funnel approach” to minimize the lab workload.
Funnels are wide at the top and narrow at the bottom. The notion was to
eliminate antennas that are obviously unacceptable from consideration at
the outset so as to avoid wasting time and money on futile testing.
14
Accredited Standards Committee
C63® - EMC
Ground Rules for Selecting the Technical Approach - II
 Acceptance Criteria must be based upon the actual
measurement uncertainties of the actual Qualification
Test Procedures used, not on an arbitrary (e.g., +/- 1 dB)
“acceptability” criteria.
Hybrid antennas are not permitted to be used for
Test Site Validation measurements.
 Note that CISPR 16-1-4:2010 allows, but does not prefer the use
of hybrid antennas for Test Site Validation measurements.
15
Accredited Standards Committee
C63® - EMC
Overall Technical Approach - I
-Pre-requisites:
o Site must meet NSA / VSA [30 MHz – 1000 MHz] (Section N.1)
o Site must meet SVSWR [1 GHz – 18 GHz] (if hybrids are to be used > 1GHz)
(Section N.1)
o Hybrid Antennas must be designed for Emissions measurements
(dual use emissions/immunity hybrids can be used if the “bat-wing” or “grid”
elements are removed). (Section N.3)
- Dimensional, Frequency and VSWR [Return Loss] Restrictions
o Restricts maximum Hybrid Antenna dimensions to
1.55 max length x 1.5 m width x 1.5 m height. (Section N.3)
o Restricts minimum nominal frequency of operation of Hybrid Antennas to
30 MHz, and the maximum nominal frequency of operation of Hybrid Antennas
to 6 GHz. (Section N.3)
o From 30 MHz to 200 MHz, the free-space VSWR of the Hybrid Antenna must be
10:1 or better; if not 10:1 or better, an impedance matching “pad” attenuator
must be installed on the antenna so as to make it 10:1 or better. (Section N.3)
16
Accredited Standards Committee
C63® - EMC
Overall Technical Approach - II
-Required Equipment (Section N.4.2):
o the Hybrid Antenna to be investigated, and if necessary, its Hybrid Impedance-Matching
Pad Attenuator [HAIMP]. Free-Space Antenna Factors (obtained per ANSI C63.5) must be
available for the hybrid.
o quantity = 2 biconical antennas, each having the same nominal balun impedance (i.e., both
must have 200 Ohm baluns or both must have 50 ohm baluns). One bicon is to be
designated as the transmit antenna, and the other as the “reference” (receive) bicon.
Free-Space Antenna Factors (obtained per ANSI C63.5) must be available for the “reference”
(receive) Bicon.
o quantity = 2 nominally identical LPDA antennas. One LPDA is to be designated as the
transmit antenna, and the other as the “reference” (receive) LPDA. Near-Free-Space
Antenna Factors (obtained per ANSI C63.5) must be available for the “reference” (receive)
LPDA.
o quantity = 2 nominally DRG Horn antennas. One DRG Horn is to be designated as the
transmit antenna, and the other as the “reference” (receive) DRG Horn. Free-Space
Antenna Factors (obtained per ANSI C63.5) must be available for the “reference” (receive)
DRG Horn. [Note: applicable only if the hybrid to be investigated is to be used above 1 GHz].
17
Accredited Standards Committee
C63® - EMC
Overall Technical Approach - III
-Required Equipment (Continued) (Section N.4.2):
o Test Site to be investigated (i.e., OATS or Semi-Anechoic Chamber [SAC] or Fully Anechoic
Room [FAR])
o Lab’s Antenna Mast and Controller, and lab’s standard coaxial range cable(s)
o EMI Receiver or Spectrum Analyzer-based EMI Measurement System.
o Tripod or Mast (or other antenna mounting system) for transmit antennas
o Quantity = two 10 dB impedance matching “pad” attenuators are required. One 10 dB attenuator
is required to be installed on the input connector of each transmit antenna, and the other 10 dB
attenuator is required to be installed on the input connector of the EMI Receiver or Spectrum
Analyzer-based EMI Measurement System.
o Signal Generator(s) covering the frequency range from 30 MHz to the maximum frequency of the
hybrid that is to be investigated (but not exceeding 6 GHz).
o High-quality coaxial cable(s) to connect the Signal Generator(s) to the 10 dB Pad installed on
the Transmit Antennas.
18
Accredited Standards Committee
C63® - EMC
Overall Technical Approach (Section N.4.3) - IV
- Test Setup:
a) Place the transmit biconical antenna in horizontal polarization at a height of 1 m at the center of the
turntable. Install a 10 dB attenuator on the input connector of the transmit biconical antenna.
b) Place the receiving biconical antenna on the antenna mast in horizontal polarization at a height of 1
m at a distance of 3 m, as measured from the reference point of the transmit biconical antenna to
the reference point of the receive biconical antenna. Do NOT use an attenuator on the output
connector of the receiving biconical antenna. Use a high quality coaxial cable to connect the
transmit biconical antenna (with the 10 dB attenuator installed) to a signal source. Use the coaxial
cable that is used for regular product testing to connect the receiving antenna to the EMI receiver
or spectrum analyzer via a 10 dB attenuator that shall be installed directly onto the input port of
the EMI receiver or spectrum analyzer.
19
Accredited Standards Committee
C63® - EMC
Overall Technical Approach (Section N.4.3) - V
- Test Setup & Test Procedure:
c) Scan the receiving biconical antenna from 1 m to 4 m while simultaneously scanning or stepping
the EMI Receiver or Spectrum Analyzer over the frequency range 30 MHz to 200 MHz. Use a
maximum resolution bandwidth of 120 kHz. Use either linear frequency steps with maximum stepsize equal to one-half of the chosen resolution bandwidth, or use a linear scan. Ensure that the
received signal is at least 20 dB above the system noise floor. Record the maximum received
signal levels. The results recorded are the reference values for the two biconical antennas at 3 m
in horizontal polarization and are designated as S21,BB3H. Without moving the transmit biconical
antenna, remove the receiving biconical antenna and replace it with the hybrid antenna to be
qualified, such that the reference point on the hybrid is at the 3 m distance, as measured from the
reference point of the transmit biconical antenna.
d) If required in accordance with N.3 c), install the impedance matching "pad" attenuator at the output
connector of the hybrid antenna. Reconnect the receiving coaxial cable, and repeat step c),
making certain that the EMI Receiver or Spectrum Analyzer settings are not changed.
The results are the “antenna under test” [AUT] values of the transmit biconical antenna and the
receiving hybrid antenna at 3 m in horizontal polarization. These results are designated as S21,BH3H.
20
Accredited Standards Committee
C63® - EMC
Overall Technical Approach (Section N.4.3) - VI
- Test Data Analysis:
Compute the reference and AUT horizontally polarized field strength measurement results (in
dBV/m) as follows:
Compute the difference between the reference and AUT horizontally polarized field strength results
(in dB) as follows:
Compare the E3mH results obtained with the acceptance criteria given in N.5.1 a).
21
Accredited Standards Committee
C63® - EMC
Overall Technical Approach (Section N.4.3) - VII
Repeat the above procedure and computations with the biconical antennas and the hybrid antenna
under test in vertical polarization at the 3 m measurement distance. Denote the reference and AUT
vertically polarized field strength measurement results (in dBV/m) as follows:
Compute the difference between the reference and AUT horizontally polarized field strength results
(in dB) as follows:
Compare the E3mV results obtained with the acceptance criteria given in N.5.1 a).
22
Accredited Standards Committee
C63® - EMC
Overall Technical Approach (Section N.4.3) - VIII
Repeat the above process using LPDAs and the hybrid antenna under test at the 3 m measurement
distance, as measured from the reference point of the transmit LPDA to the reference point of the
receive LPDA and the reference point of the hybrid, respectively. Compute the reference and AUT
horizontal and vertical polarization field strength measurement results (in dBV/m) as follows:
Compute the differences between the reference and AUT horizontally and vertically polarized field
strength results (in dB) as follows:
Compare the E3mH and E3mV results obtained with the acceptance criteria given in N.5.1 b).
23
Accredited Standards Committee
C63® - EMC
Overall Technical Approach (Section N.4.3) - IX
If necessary, repeat the above procedure using DRG horn antennas and the hybrid antenna under test
at the at the 3 m measurement distance, as measured from the reference point of the transmit DRG
Horn to the reference point of the receive DRG Horn and the reference point of the hybrid, respectively.
Compute the reference and AUT horizontal and vertical polarization field strength measurement results
(in dBV/m) as follows:
Compute the differences between the reference and AUT horizontally and vertically polarized field
strength results (in dB) as follows:
Compare the E3mH and E3mV results obtained with the acceptance criteria given in N.5.1 c).
24
Accredited Standards Committee
C63® - EMC
Overall Technical Approach (Section N.4.3) - X
If applicable, repeat the entire process using the biconicals, LPDAs, DRG horns and the hybrid
antenna under test at the 10 m measurement distance. (Alter the subscript notation used in
equations accordingly, perform the required computations, and compare the results with the
applicable acceptance criteria given in N.5.2 a) or b) or c)
25
Accredited Standards Committee
C63® - EMC
Acceptance Criteria (Section N.5.1, 3 m distance)
N.5.1 a):
In the frequency range 30 MHz to 200 MHz, for a given polarization, at the 3 m measurement
distance, on a specific test site, a hybrid antenna shall be deemed acceptable for use in making
final compliance measurements if the difference in results of measurement performed in
accordance the procedures in the previous slides at each polarization meets the following
requirements:
- the results of the E3mH calculations are less then or equal to  2.5 dB at all measured
frequencies in the range 30 MHz to 200 MHz (inclusive); and,
- the results of the E3mV calculations are less then or equal to  2.5 dB at all measured
frequencies in the range 30 MHz to 200 MHz (inclusive).
NOTE: The above criteria are based upon the Expanded Uncertainty Values for a k=2 Coverage
Factor that were computed for the exact measurement procedure (at the 3 m measurement
distance) detailed in Section N.4.3.
26
Accredited Standards Committee
C63® - EMC
Acceptance Criteria (Section N.5.1, 3 m distance)
N.5.1 b):
In the frequency range 200 MHz to 1000 MHz, for a given polarization, at the 3 m measurement
distance, on a specific test site, a hybrid antenna shall be deemed acceptable for use in making
final compliance measurements if the difference in results of measurement performed in
accordance the procedures in the previous slides at each polarization meets the following
requirements:
- the results of the E3mH calculations are less then or equal to  2.9 dB at all measured
frequencies in the range 200 MHz to 1000 MHz (inclusive); and,
- the results of the E3mV calculations are less then or equal to  2.9 dB at all measured
frequencies in the range 200 MHz to 1000 MHz (inclusive).
NOTE: The above criteria are based upon the Expanded Uncertainty Values for a k=2 Coverage
Factor that were computed for the exact measurement procedure (at the 3 m measurement
distance) detailed in Section N.4.3 .
27
Accredited Standards Committee
C63® - EMC
Acceptance Criteria (Section N.5.1, 3 m distance)
N.5.1 c):
In the frequency range 1000 MHz to 6000 MHz, for a given polarization, at the 3 m measurement
distance, on a specific test site, a hybrid antenna shall be deemed acceptable for use in making
final compliance measurements if the difference in results of measurement performed in
accordance the procedures in the previous slides at each polarization meets the following
requirements:
- the results of the E3mH calculations are less then or equal to  3.2 dB at all measured
frequencies in the range 1000 MHz to 6000 MHz (inclusive); and,
- the results of the E3mV calculations are less then or equal to  3.2 dB at all measured
frequencies in the range 1000 MHz to 6000 MHz (inclusive).
NOTE 1: The above criteria are based upon the Expanded Uncertainty Values for a k=2
Coverage Factor that were computed for the exact measurement procedure (at the 3 m
measurement distance) detailed in Section N.4.3.
NOTE 2: A hybrid antenna that satisfies the above criteria may be used up to its maximum
operating frequency or to 6000 MHz, whichever is less.
28
Accredited Standards Committee
C63® - EMC
Acceptance Criteria (Section N.5.2, 10 m distance)
N.5.2 a):
In the frequency range 30 MHz to 200 MHz, for a given polarization, at the 10 m measurement
distance, on a specific test site, a hybrid antenna shall be deemed acceptable for use in making
final compliance measurements if the difference in results of measurement performed in
accordance the procedures in the previous slides at each polarization meets the following
requirements:
- the results of the E3mH calculations are less then or equal to  2.4 dB at all measured
frequencies in the range 30 MHz to 200 MHz (inclusive); and,
- the results of the E3mV calculations are less then or equal to  2.4 dB at all measured
frequencies in the range 30 MHz to 200 MHz (inclusive).
NOTE: The above criteria are based upon the Expanded Uncertainty Values for a k=2 Coverage
Factor that were computed for the exact measurement procedure (at the 10 m measurement
distance) detailed in Section N.4.3.
29
Accredited Standards Committee
C63® - EMC
Acceptance Criteria (Section N.5.2, 10 m distance)
N.5.2 b):
In the frequency range 200 MHz to 1000 MHz, for a given polarization, at the 10 m measurement
distance, on a specific test site, a hybrid antenna shall be deemed acceptable for use in making
final compliance measurements if the difference in results of measurement performed in
accordance the procedures in the previous slides at each polarization meets the following
requirements:
- the results of the E3mH calculations are less then or equal to  2.9 dB at all measured
frequencies in the range 200 MHz to 1000 MHz (inclusive); and,
- the results of the E3mV calculations are less then or equal to  2.9 dB at all measured
frequencies in the range 200 MHz to 1000 MHz (inclusive).
NOTE: The above criteria are based upon the Expanded Uncertainty Values for a k=2 Coverage
Factor that were computed for the exact measurement procedure (at the 10 m measurement
distance) detailed in Section N.4.3 .
30
Accredited Standards Committee
C63® - EMC
Acceptance Criteria (Section N.5.2, 10 m distance)
N.5.2 c):
In the frequency range 1000 MHz to 6000 MHz, for a given polarization, at the 10 m
measurement distance, on a specific test site, a hybrid antenna shall be deemed acceptable for
use in making final compliance measurements if the difference in results of measurement
performed in accordance the procedures in the previous slides at each polarization meets the
following requirements:
- the results of the E3mH calculations are less then or equal to  3.2 dB at all measured
frequencies in the range 1000 MHz to 6000 MHz (inclusive); and,
- the results of the E3mV calculations are less then or equal to  3.2 dB at all measured
frequencies in the range 1000 MHz to 6000 MHz (inclusive).
NOTE 1: The above criteria are based upon the Expanded Uncertainty Values for a k=2
Coverage Factor that were computed for the exact measurement procedure (at the 10 m
measurement distance) detailed in Section N.4.3.
NOTE 2: A hybrid antenna that satisfies the above criteria may be used up to its maximum
operating frequency or to 6000 MHz, whichever is less.
31
Accredited Standards Committee
C63® - EMC
How were the Acceptance Criteria determined?
 A set of Measurement Uncertainty calculations were
specifically for the test processes specified in Section N.4.
developed
 The MUC calculations were mechanized using four Microsoft Excel® 2010
workbooks, with three sheets per workbook for each of two measurement
distances (i.e., 3 m and 10 m).
o Four spreadsheets: bicon frequency range (30-200 MHz) at 3 m & 10 m;
Liberty Labs & ETS-Lindgren;
o Four spreadsheets: LPDA frequency range (200-1000 MHz)
at 3 m & 10 m; Liberty Labs & ETS-Lindgren;
o Four spreadsheets for the DRG Horn frequency range (1 GHz – 6 GHz)
at 3 m & 10 m; Liberty Labs & ETS-Lindgren.
32
Accredited Standards Committee
C63® - EMC
Example Spreadsheet
33
Accredited Standards Committee
C63® - EMC
Qualification Interval (Section N.6)
For any given hybrid antenna used at a given measurement distance, on a
specific test site, the qualification process detailed in N.4 and N.5 shall be
performed when the hybrid antenna is first taken into service at the given
measurement distance on the specific test site, and subsequently at
intervals of not more than three years. If damage to or degradation of the
antenna is known or suspected to have occurred, a re-qualification is to be
performed as well.
34
Accredited Standards Committee
C63® - EMC
Some Hybrid Antennas that meet all of the Annex N Restrictions
• Schaffner (Chase) CBL 6116C
• Schaffner (Chase) CBL 6112B
• Teseq CBL 6112D
• Teseq CBL 6111D
• Electrometrics 6917C-1
• ETS-Lindgren 3143B
• ETS-Lindgren 3149
• Sunol JB1
• Sunol JB2
• Sunol JB6
• Schwarzbeck VULB 9162
35
Accredited Standards Committee
C63® - EMC
Some Antennas that do NOT meet all of the Annex N Restrictions
• Electrometrics 6917B-1 (does not meet the minimum low frequency restriction)
• Schaffner CBL 9140A (does not meet the dimensional restrictions and
the minimum frequency restrictions)
• Teseq CBL 6143A (does not meet the “Emissions only/Dual Use” restriction)
• EMCO 3142B (does not meet the dimensional restrictions and the minimum
frequency restrictions)
• EMCO 3142C (does not meet the dimensional restrictions and the minimum
frequency restrictions)
• ETS-Lindgren 3142D (does not meet the dimensional restriction)
• Rohde & Schwarz HL562 (does not meet the dimensional restriction)
• A.H. Systems SAS-521-2 (does not meet the minimum frequency restrictions)
36