A New Mouse Model for Zellweger Spectrum Disorders: July 28, 2013 Steven Steinberg, Ph.D., F.A.C.M.G. Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at KKI & Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Zellweger Spectrum Disorders Zellweger Syndrome Most Severe Neonatal Adrenoleukodystrophy Infantile Refsum Disease Least Severe Peroxisome Assembly: Matrix Protein Receptor Recycling PEX1 Common Mutations Severity Zellweger Syndrome Neonatal Adrenoleukodystrophy Infantile Refsum Disease I700fs & G843D G843D & G843D Most Severe I700fs & I700fs Least Severe Biochemical: Summary Why Create a Pex1-G844D Mouse Model? -A model for testing possible therapeutic interventions. e.g.PEX1-G843D is temperature sensitive, indicating it may be responsive to a chaperone-like molecule P thiolase M 37 30 37 30 Pex5 wild type PEX1P, thiolase precursor, 44 kD M, mature thiolase, 42 kD -A means of exploring aspects of pathogenesis not readily explored in humans e.g. RNA expression profiling of multiple tissues Construct Design: Pex1-G844D Construct generated → ES cells electroporation and selection → Blastocyst injection, implantation & chimera birth → Chimera breeding → Germline G844D Transmission Matings of Pex1-G844D Heterozygotes Wt / Wt Male Female Total 9 14 23 G844D / Wt 19 25 44 (25.3%) (48.4%) G844D / G844D 13 11 24 TOTAL: 41 (45%) 50 (55%) 91 No evidence of neonatal lethality. (26.4%) 3 Week Old Littermates Pex1-G844D / WT Pex1-G844D / Pex1G844D Growth Curve 10 9 8 Total Body Weight (grams) 7 6 (n = 14) Homozygous Male (n = 13) Heterozygous Female (n = 26) Heterozygous Male (n = 22) Wildtype Female (n = 17) Wildtype Male (n = 10) Homozygous Female 5 4 3 2 1 0 P7 P8 P9 P10 P11 P12 P13 P14 P15 P16 P17 P18 P19 P20 P21 Days Postnatal (Pn) Survival Homozygotes as of June 2013 DIED OF NATURAL CAUSES Sex Number Range (in days) Median Male 6 15-147 Female 8 7-45 16 Median 38 LIVING COMFORTABLY Sex Number Range (in days) Male 20 26-250 106 Female 17 69-258 119 Fertility Male homozygotes can be fertile 4 Male Homozygote x Female Heterozygote Matings yielded litters Male homozygote age range at litter birth: 95-110 days Female heterozygote age range at litter birth: 89-110 days Number of days pair were together at litter birth: 25-67 days No evidence that female homozygotes are fertile 5 Male Homozygote x Female Homozygote Matings Male homozygote age range at end of time together: 95-135 days Female heterozygote age range at end of time together:95-187 days Number of days pair were together: 52-92 days Cultured Fibroblasts Very Long Chain Fatty Acid Content Pex1-G844D Alleles C26:0 µg/mg C26:0/C22:0 Wildtype 0.023 0.053 Carrier 0.028 0.073 Homozygote 0.465 1.298 Cultured Fibroblasts Plasmalogen Synthesis Pex1-G844D Alleles 3H / 14C Wildtype Carrier Homozygote C16DMA 0.69 0.66 4.075 4.097 0.83 C18DMA 1.795 2.041 2.098 0.641 Cultured Fibroblasts Branched Chain Fatty Acid Metabolism pmol / 48 hours / mg protein Pex1-G844D Alleles Phytanic Acid Pristanic Acid Wildtype Carrier Homozygote 582 406 (70%) 119 (20%) 487 509 (105%) 300 (62%) Cultured Fibroblasts Catalase Solubility Pex1-G844D Alleles % Soluble Wildtype 11.6% Carrier 11.8% Homozygote 83.3% Immunocytochemistry Wildtype Pex1-G844D / Pex1G844D Chaperone Treatment of Fibroblasts 1.6 1.4 C26:0 / C22:0 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 141-1 G844D/G844D 141-2 G844D/- NO DMSO 1% DMSO 141-3 -/- Chaperone Treatment of Fibroblasts 1 0.9 0.8 C26:0 / C22:0 0.7 0.6 0.5 Regular Media 200mM TMAO 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 Mouse G844D / G844D Mouse G844D / G844D Human G843D / G843D Human G843D / G843D Whole Blood Lipids C26:0-Lysophosphorylcholine Pex1-G844D Alleles % C26:0-LPC Wildtype (n=42) 0.052 ± 0.016 Carrier (n=67) Homozygote (n=17) 0.052 ± 0.018 0.558 ± 0.363 Whole Blood Lipids Phosphatidylethanolamine Plasmalogens Pex1-G844D Alleles Sum of Four (pmoles) Wildtype (n=42) 5.97 ± 2.34 Carrier (n=67) Homozygote (n=17) 5.96 ± 2.83 2.82 ± 2.22 Bile Acid Intermediate DHCA Pex1-G844D AllelesPlasma* Feces** Wildtype (n=3,4) 0.063±0.129 1.064±0.378 Carrier (n=5,4) 0.073±0.052 0.971±0.406 8.7 19.115±14.529 Homozygote (n=1,3) *pmol per 10µl plasma; **pmol per mg feces Liver Histology Wildtype Pex1-G844D / G844D Tissue Lipids Phospholipid Fraction 0.250% p = 0.007 % C26:0 0.200% G844D / G844D 0.150% G844D / G844D G844D / G844D WT / WT G844D / WT 0.100% G844D / WT 0.050% 0.000% Spleen Kidney Brain Visual Testing Electroretinograms ERG Wave Forms b-wave a-wave Visual Testing Electroretinograms 250 B-Wave, Photopic Amplitude (uV) 200 150 Series1 100 Series2 50 0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 Intensity (log cd-s/m2) 1.5 2.0 Series 1 = Wildtype and Heterozygous Mice, n=4 Series 2 = Pex1-G844D Homozygous Mice, n=4 Visual Testing Retinal Histology: Cone Photoreceptor Staining Homozygote, 28 days Heterozygote, 28 days inl = inner nuclear layer onl = outer nuclear layer is = inner segment of photoreceptor layer os = outer segment of photoreceptor layer Homozygote, 147 days Wildtype, 149 days Pex1-G844D Mouse Model Summary -Growth stunted -Males can be fertile, but not female -Biochemical profile is comparable to human patients homozygous for PEX1-G843D -Compelling evidence of retinal pathology and dysfunction comparable to human patients -Preliminary evidence of liver dysfunction that is likely comparable to human patients Pex1-G844D Mouse Future Plans -Treatment with compounds identified by drug screening using a cell model system to test for in vivo efficacy -Behavioral studies -Generate Pex1 knock out and generate Pex1-KO / Pex1-G844D compound heterozygotes and tissue specific knock outs Collaborators -Shandi Hiebler -Ann Moser -Anita Liu -Paul Watkins -Dominik Reisinger -Outside KKI / JHU -Jean Bennett -Nancy Braverman -Gerald Raymond -Joseph Hacia -Michael Paine -Phyllis Faust -Amanda Lauer -Tomohiro Masuda -Don Zack Sponsored by the Park-Hopkins and Woodbury research funds donations at Kennedy Krieger Institute