Introduction
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Surface anatomy is the study of the anatomical
landmarks on the exterior of the body.
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Visualization
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Palpation
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Bony Landmarks of the Head
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Sagittal suture, coronal and lambdoid sutures.
External occipital protuberance
Orbit
Supraorbital margin of the frontal bone
Nasal bones
Mandible
 ramus
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body
 angle
Zygomatic arch and zygomatic bones
Mastoid process
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Muscles of Facial Expression
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Occipitofrontalis
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Orbicularis oculi
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Corrugator supercilii
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Zygomaticus major
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Depressor labii inferioris
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Orbicularis oris
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Temporalis
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Masseter
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Surface Anatomy of the Head
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Surface Features of the Eyes
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Pupil
Sclera
Conjunctiva
Eyelids (palpebrae)
Palpebral fissure
Medial commissure
Lateral commissure
Lacrimal caruncle.
Eyelashes
Eyebrows
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Surface Anatomy of the Eye
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Surface Features of the Ears
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Auricle
Tragus
Antitragus
Concha
Helix
Antihelix
Triangular fossa
Lobule
External auditory canal (meatus)
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Surface Features of the Ears
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Surface Features of the Nose and Mouth
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Root
Apex
Dorsum nasi
External naris
Ala
Bridge
Philtrum
Lips (labia)
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Surface Anatomy of the Neck
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Thyroid cartilage
Hyoid bone
Cricoid cartilage
Thyroid gland
Sternocleidomastoid muscle
Arteries and veins
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Surface Anatomy of the Neck
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Trapezius
Vertebral spines
Vertebra prominens
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Surface Anatomy of the Neck
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Surface Features of the Back
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Vertebral spines
Scapulae
Latissimus dorsi
Erector spinae (sacrospinalis) muscle
Infraspinatus muscle
Trapezius muscle
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Surface Features of the Back
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Teres major muscle
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Posterior axillary fold
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Triangle of auscultation
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Surface Features of the Back
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Surface Features of the Chest
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Clavicle
Sternoclavicular joint
Suprasternal (jugular) notch of sternum
Manubrium of sternum
Sternal angle of sternum
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Surface Features of the Chest
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Body of sternum.
Xiphoid process of sternum
Costal margin
Serratus anterior
Ribs
Mammary glands
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Surface Features of the Chest
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Surface Features of the Shoulder
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Acromioclavicular joint
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Acromion
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Humerus
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Deltoid muscle
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Surface Features of the Armpit
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Apex
Base
Anterior wall
Posterior wall
Medial wall
Lateral wall
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Surface Features of the Arm and
Elbow
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Humerus
Biceps brachii
Triceps brachii muscle
Medial epicondyle
Lateral epicondyle
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Surface Features of the Arm and Elbow
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Olecranon
Ulnar nerve
Cubital fossa
Median cubital vein
Brachial artery
Bicipital aponeurosis
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Surface Features of the Arm and Elbow
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Surface Features of Forearm and Wrist
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Ulna
Radius
Brachioradialis muscle
Flexor carpi radialis muscle
Palmaris longus muscle
Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle
Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle
Radial artery
Pisiform bone
Wrist creases
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Surface Features of the Forearm and
Wrist
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Surface Features of the Forearm and
Wrist
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Surface Features of the Forearm and
Wrist
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Surface Features of the Hand
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Knuckles
Dorsal venous network of the hand (dorsal venous arch).
Tendon of extensor digiti minimi muscle
Tendons of extensor digitorum muscle
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Surface Features of the Hand
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Surface Features of the Abdomen and
Pelvis
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Abdominal aorta
Inferior vena cava
External oblique muscle
Rectus abdominis muscles
Linea alba
Linea semilunaris
Iliac crest
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Surface Features of the Buttock
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Gluteus maximus muscle
Gluteus medius muscle
Gluteal (natal) cleft
Gluteal fold
Ischial tuberosity
Greater trochanter
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Surface Anatomy of the Buttock
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Surface Features of the Thigh and
Knee
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Sartorius muscle
Quadriceps femoris muscle
Adductor longus muscle
Femoral triangle
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Surface Features of the Thigh and Knee
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Hamstring muscles
Patella
Patellar ligament
Medial condyle of femur
Medial condyle of tibia
Lateral condyle of femur
Lateral condyle of tibia
Popliteal fossa
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Surface Features of Knee and Thigh
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Surface Features of Knee and Thigh
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Surface Features of the Leg, Ankle and Foot
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Tibial tuberosity
Tibialis anterior
muscle
Tibia
Fibularis
(peroneus) longus
muscle
Gastrocnemius
muscle
Soleus muscle
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Surface Features of the Leg, Ankle and Foot
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Calcaneal (Achilles)
tendon
Lateral malleolus of
fibula
Medial malleolus of
tibia
Dorsal venous arch
Tendons of extensor
digitorum longus
muscle
Tendon of extensor
hallucis longus muscle
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End of Chapter 27
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