DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGY
As Clinical Anatomy
Francis Neuffer, M.D.
U.S.C. School of Medicine
Speaker note
E-mail: xray@uscmed.sc.edu
Radiology Website: http://radiology.med.sc.edu
Radiology Department:
Basement of Library
Penny Al-Emam--216-3701
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COURSE GOALS
 Understand basics of image generation.
 Relate imaging to gross anatomy.
 Appreciate indications and limitations.
 Develop medical vocabulary

ANATOMY VS. PATHOLOGY
 Wilhelm Roentgen 1895
 1 st Nobel Prize -Physics
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 IONIZING RADIATION
X-ray, CT, Nuclear Medicine
 SOUND WAVES
Ultrasound
 MAGNETIC FIELDS / RADIO WAVES
Magnetic Resonance
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RADIOLOGY TOOLS
X- RAY
ULTRASOUND
NUCLEAR MEDICINE
MAGNETIC RESONANCE
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
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PROJECTION
-VS-
TOMOGRAPHIC IMAGE
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PROJECTION WHOLE BODY IMAGE
OR TOMOGRAPHIC / SLICE IMAGE
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RT
AXIAL
TOMOGRAPHIC IMAGES
ARE
IN A SPECIFIC PLANE
SAGITTAL CORONAL
RT
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RADIOLOGY TOOLS
X- RAY
ULTRASOUND
NUCLEAR MEDICINE
MAGNETIC RESONANCE
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
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X-ray beam detector
 High Energy Photon
--Kilo Electron Volts
 Ionizing Radiation
 Exposes Film /
Detector
 Projection Data
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X - RAY --- FOUR BASIC DENSITIES
 Air
 Soft Tissue
 Bone

Fat
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STOMACH
UPPER GI--(GASTRO INTESTINAL)
ORAL BARIUM CONTRAST
WITHOUT CONTRAST-plain or scout film
ARTERIOGRAM
INTRAVASCULAR IODINE CONTRAST
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COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
CT
 HIGH ENERGY PHOTON
 IONIZING RADIATION
 EXPOSES DETECTOR
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LT

NUCLEAR MEDICINE
 High Energy Photon
 Ionizing Radiation
--Radiopharmaceutical
 Dynamic / Physiologic
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 SOUND WAVES
Ultrasound
 MAGNETIC FIELDS / RADIO WAVES
Magnetic Resonance
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ULTRASOUND
 Sound Wave - high
Frequency-megahertz
 No Ionizing Radiation
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BASIC ULTRASOUND PHYSICS
Ultrasound Production
 “ Piezoelectric Effect ”
 Transducer/Probe
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BASIC ULTRASOUND PHYSICS
Ultrasound Production
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BASIC ULTRASOUND PHYSICS
 Transducer is the “ speaker ” & “ microphone ”
 99% of time is spent “ listening ”
 Only 1% of time is devoted to making ultrasound
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BASIC ULTRASOUND PHYSICS
 Dense & elastic structures
 Liver
 Spleen
 Fluid-filled structures
 Heart
 Urinary bladder
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 B Mode-brightness
 Most common use
 Presents “ real time ” image
 Ultrasound Sector Scanning
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ULTRASOUND ideal for fluid filled structures
Gallbladder
Kidney
Obstetrics
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MAGNETIC RESONANCE
 Magnetic fields
 Radio wave transmission
 No ionizing radiation
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RT
AXIAL
TOMOGRAPHIC IMAGES
ARE
IN A SPECIFIC PLANE
SAGITTAL CORONAL
RT
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Anterior
MAGNETIC
RESONANCE
EXAMPLES
 Spine
Posterior
Anterior
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RADIOLOGY EVALUATION
Multiple choice
 identify normal & limited pathology
 Labeled images from digital sets & lecture images
Clinical case correlates
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HOSPITAL TERMS
Abbreviations
X- Ray Plain Film Scout Film Radiograph
Computed Tomography Cat Scan CT
Nuclear Medicine Nuc Med
Ultrasound Sono Sonogram
Magnetic Resonance MR MRI
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
SUMMARY

 SECTION PLANES
AXIAL
CORONAL
SAGITTAL
IMAGE GENERATION OF:
Nuclear Medicine
Computed Tomography
Ultrasound
X-ray
Magnetic Resonance
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RT
AXIAL
TOMOGRAPHIC IMAGES
ARE
IN A SPECIFIC PLANE
SAGITTAL CORONAL
RT
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 IONIZING RADIATION
X-ray, CT, Nuclear Medicine
 SOUND WAVES
Ultrasound
 MAGNETIC FIELDS / RADIO WAVES
Magnetic Resonance
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PROJECTION WHOLE BODY IMAGE
OR TOMOGRAPHIC / SLICE IMAGE
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