Urinary System
泌尿系统(mìniàoxìtǒng)
arteriole 小动脉(xiǎodòngmài)
Small artery
Bowman capsule肾小球囊(shènxiǎoqiúnáng)
Cup-shaped capsule surrounding each glomerulus
calyx 肾(shèn)盏(zhǎn)
Cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis
Urinary System
泌尿系统(mìniàoxìtǒng)
catheter 导管(dǎoguǎn)
Tube for injecting or removing fluids
cortex 皮质(pízhì)
The outer region of the kidney
medulla髓(suǐ)质(zhì)
The inner region of the kidney
Urinary System
泌尿系统(mìniàoxìtǒng)
electrolyte电解质(diànjiězhì)
A chemical that carries an electrical charge in a solution
sodium 钠(nà)
A salt secreted from the bloodstream into the renal tubules
to leave the body in urine
potassium 钾(jiǎ)
A salt regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys
Urinary System
泌尿系统(mìniàoxìtǒng)
glomerulus肾小球(shènxiǎoqiú)
Tiny ball of capillaries in cortex of kidney
renal hilum 肾(shèn)门(mén)
Depression in that of the kidney where blood
vessels and nerves enter and leave
kidney 肾脏(shènzàng)
One of two bean-shaped organs located behind the
abdominal cavity on either side of the backbone in
the lumbar region
Urinary System
泌尿系统(mìniàoxìtǒng)
nephron肾(shèn)单位(dānwèi)
The combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where
filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the
kidney
nitrogenous waste含(hán)氮(dàn)废物(fèiwù)
Substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine
creatinine 肌(jī)酐(gān)
A waste product of muscle metabolism;
nitrogenous waste excreted in urine
Urinary System
泌尿系统(mìniàoxìtǒng)
erythropoietin 促(cù)红细胞生成素(hóngxìbāoshēngchéngsù)
A hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the
production of red blood cell
voiding 排尿(páiniào)
Emptying of urine from the urinary bladder; urination
Urinary System
泌尿系统(mìniàoxìtǒng)
renal artery 肾(shèn)动脉(dòngmài)
Carries blood to the kidney
renal pelvis 肾盂(shènyú)
Central collecting region in the kidney
renal tubule 肾(shèn)小管(xiǎoguǎn)
Microscopic tube in the kidney where urine is
formed after filtration
Urinary System
泌尿系统(mìniàoxìtǒng)
renal vein 肾(shèn)静脉(jìngmài)
Carries blood away from kidney
renin 肾(shèn)素(sù)
An enzymatic hormone synthesized, stored, and secreted
by the kidney; it raises blood pressure by influencing
vasoconstriction
filtration 过滤(guòlǜ)
Passive process whereby some substances, but not all,
pass through a filter or other material
Urinary System
泌尿系统(mìniàoxìtǒng)
trigone 三角区(sānjiǎoqū)
Triangular area in the bladder where the ureters
enter and the urethra exits
ureter 输尿管(shūniàoguǎn)
Tube leading from each kidney to the bladder
urea 尿素(niàosù)
Major nitrogenous waste product excreted in urine
Urinary System
泌尿系统(mìniàoxìtǒng)
urethra 尿道(niàodào)
Tube leading from the bladder to the outside of the body
Uric acid 尿酸(niàosuān)
Nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine
Urinary bladder 膀胱(pángguāng)
Sac that holds urine
Urinary System
泌尿系统(mìniàoxìtǒng)
glomerulonephritis
肾小球肾炎
shen xiao qiu shen yan
Interstitial nephritis
间质性肾炎 jian zhi xing shen yan
nephrolithiasis
肾结石 shen jie shi
nephrotic syndrome
肾病综合征 shen bing zong he zheng
polycystic kidneys
多囊肾 duo nang shen
pyelonephritis
肾盂肾炎 shen yu shen yan
renal cell carcinoma 肾细胞癌 shen xi bao ai
renal failure
肾衰竭 shen shuai jie
renal hypertension
肾性高血压 she xing gao xue ya
Urinary System
泌尿系统(mìniàoxìtǒng)
Wilms tumor
肾母细胞瘤 shen mu xi bao liu
Bladder cancer
膀胱癌 pang guang ai
Diabetes insipidus 尿崩症 niao beng zheng
Diabetes mellitus 糖尿病 tang niao bing
Urinary System
泌尿系统(mìniàoxìtǒng)
Blood urea nitrogen
血尿素氮 xue niao su dan
Creatinine clearance test
肌酐清除率 ji gan qing chu lv
Intravenous pyelogram 经静脉肾盂造影 jing jingmai shenyu
zaoying
Renal angiography
Retrograde pyelogram 肾血管照相 shen xue guan zaoying
逆行肾盂造影 ni xing shen yu zao ying
Voiding cystourethrogram
cystoscopy
dialysis
排泄性膀胱尿道造影
膀胱镜检查 pang guang jing jian cha
透析lithotripsy
tou xi 体外冲击波碎石
Extracorporeal shock wave
Urinary System
泌尿系统(mìniàoxìtǒng)
Renal biopsy
肾活检 shen huo jian
Renal transplantation 肾移植 shen yi zhi
Urinary catheterization 尿道导管插入术 niaodao daoguan charu
shu
Urinary System
泌尿系统(mìniàoxìtǒng)
Acute Glomerulonephritis-cough, fever and increase of
serum creatinine
急性肾小球肾炎---咳嗽、发热、血肌酐升高
Ji xing shen xiao qiu shen yan—ke sou, fa re, xue ji
gan sheng gao
A 40-year-old man was admitted because of 4 months
history of repeated cough accompanied by lowdegree fever and progressive increase of serum
creatinine for 2 months..
男性，40岁，因“反复咳嗽伴低热4个月，血肌酐进行性升高2
个月”收治入院。
Nan xing, 40 sui, yin “fan fu ke sou ban di re 4 ge
yue, xue ji gan jin xing xing sheng gao 2 ge yue”shou
zhi ru yuan.
Urinary System
泌尿系统(mìniàoxìtǒng)
Blood routine showed: Hb 114g/L, WBC 9.6×109/L, N80.7%,
BPC314×109/L, ESR 125mm/first hour, CRP 90mg/L, urine
protein (++), RBC7-8/HP, 24 hour urine protein was 0.8g.
Serum creatinine was 130μmol/L at that time. He received
antibiotic therapy with cefoperazone and symtoms improved
after antibiotic therapy.
血常规：血红蛋白。白细胞计数，中性粒细胞比例。血小板计数。
首小时血沉。磷酸肌酸。尿蛋白。红细胞高倍镜。24小时尿蛋白。
血肌酐。给予头孢哌酮抗感染治疗后症状有所好转。
Xue chang gui: xue hong dan bai, bai xi bao ji shu, zhong
xing li xi bao bi li, xue xiao ban ji shu, shou xiao shi
xue chen, lin suan ji suan, niao dan bai, hong xi bao gao
bei jing, 24 xiao shi niao dan bai, xue ji gan, gei yu tou
bao pai tong kang gan ran zhi liao hou zheng zhuang you
suo hao zhuan.
Urinary System
泌尿系统(mìniàoxìtǒng)
After discharge, low grade fever recurred and urinalysis
showed persistent microscopic hematuria and proteinuria. Dail
urine volume had decreased in the last 7 days. Serum
creatinine tested yesterday was elevated to 398μmol/L. so he
was transferred to our hospital.
After a pertinent exam and lab tests, the patient had a renal
biopsy immediately.
出院后再发低热，随访尿检有镜下血尿和蛋白尿。近一周来尿量逐
渐减少。昨日复查血肌酐升高至。遂转至我院。入院完善相关检查
后立即行肾穿刺活检。
Chu yuan hou zai fa di re, sui fang niao jian you jing xia
xue niao he dan bai niao. Jin yi zhou lai niao liang zhu
jian jia shao, zuo ri fu cha xue ji gan sheng gao zhi. Sui
zhuan zhi wo yuan. Ru yuan wan shan xiang gan jian cha hou
li ji xing shen chuan ci huo jian.
Urinary System
泌尿系统(mìniàoxìtǒng)
D: You could hang the dropping bottle on the hook of that frame.
Why not ask a nurse to help you?
P: They’re very busy. There are too many patients but so few
workers in Chinese hospital.
医生：你(nǐ)可以(kěyǐ)把(bǎ)输液(shūyè)瓶(píng)挂在(guàzài)
那个(nàgè)架子(jiàzǐ)上(shàng)。为什么(wèishénmē)不(bù)叫
(jiào)个(gè)护士(hùshì)来(lai)帮(bāng)你(nǐ)？
病人：她们(tāmen)太(tài)忙(máng)了(le)。中国(zhōngguó)的(dē
医院里(yīyuànlǐ)病人(bìngrén)太多(tàiduō)，医务(yīwù)人员
(rényuán)太少(tàishǎo)。
Urinary System
泌尿系统(mìniàoxìtǒng)
D: I quite agree with you? So what’s wrong with you?
P: Here is the application bill for a renal exam. My doctor wants
to know if there’re any calculi in my right kidney.
医生：我(wǒ)完全(wánquán)同意(tóngyì)。那么(nàme)你(nǐ)
有什么(yǒushénmē)不(bù)舒服(shūfú)？
病人：这是(zhèshì)肾脏(shènzàng)检查(jiǎnchá)的(dē)申请单
(shēnqǐngdān)。医生(yīshēng)想看看(xiǎngkànkàn)我(wǒ)
有没有(yǒuméiyǒu)右(yòu)肾结石(shènjiéshí)。
Urinary System
泌尿系统(mìniàoxìtǒng)
D: Is your bladder full of urine?
P: Yes, I have drunk 400ml water and waited for one hour.
医生：你(nǐ)充盈(chōngyíng)膀胱(pángguāng)了(lē)吗
(mā)？（你(nǐ)憋尿(biēniào)了(lē)没(méi)？）
病人：是的(shìdē)，我(wǒ)喝了(hēlē)四百(sìbǎi)毫升
(háoshēng)水(shuǐ)，等了(děnglē)一个(yīgè)小时
(xiǎoshí)。
Urinary System
泌尿系统(mìniàoxìtǒng)
D: Ok, please lie down on the back. Unbutton your shirt and
loosen the belt.
D: Your bladder and prostate are essentially normal. There is no
calculus in the bladder, the posterior urethra and the inferior
segments of ureters. Please lie on your left side.
医生：好的(hǎodē)， 仰面(yǎngmiàn)躺下(tǎngxià)，解开
(jiěkāi)衬衫(chènshān)和(hé)皮带(pídài)。
医生：你(nǐ)的(dē)膀胱(pángguāng)和(hé)前列腺(qiánlièxiàn)
基本(jīběn)正常(zhèngcháng)。膀胱(pángguāng)、后(hòu)尿道
(niàodào)和(hé)输尿管(shūniàoguǎn)下段(xiàduàn)
没有(méiyǒu)结石(jiéshí)。请(qǐng)向左(xiàngzuǒ)转身
(zhuǎnshēn)。
Urinary System
泌尿系统(mìniàoxìtǒng)
D: Tell me something about your case history. What happened
before you came to hospital?
P: When I was playing badminton I suddenly felt a colic pain in
the right back. It pained me to stoop.
医生：给我讲讲你的病史。为什么要来医院？
Gei wo jiang jiang ni de bing shi. Wei shen me yao lai yi
yuan?
病人：我打羽毛球的时候突然右背疼痛，痛得我蹲了下去。
Wo da yu mao qiu de shi hou tu ran you bei teng tong, tong
de wo dun le xia qu.
Urinary System
泌尿系统(mìniàoxìtǒng)
D: So the doctor has given you some painkillers before you
came here?
P: Yes.
医生：那么在你来检查前，医生给过你止痛药了吧？
Na me zai ni lai jian cha qian, yi sheng gei guo ni zhi tong
yao le ba?
病人：是的。
Shi de.
Urinary System
泌尿系统(mìniàoxìtǒng)
D: How about your urine? What’s the color?
P: It’s a bit red.
医生：尿怎么样？是什么颜色？
Niao zen me yang? Shi shen me yan se?
病人：有点儿红。
You dian er hong.
Urinary System
泌尿系统(mìniàoxìtǒng)
D: Have you got any calculus in the kidney before?
P: No, I don’t think so. Is there any one now?
医生：以前肾里长过结石吗？
Yi qian shen li zhang guo jie shi ma?
病人：没有过。现在有吗？
Mei you guo. Xian zai you ma?
Urinary System
泌尿系统(mìniàoxìtǒng)
D: It’s very clear that there is a calculus in your right kidney. 1cm
times 1.2cm
P: So what should I do now.
D: It’s sensible choice to take the calculus out by lithotripsy.
医生：在你的右肾里有一颗很明确的结石。1厘米乘1.2厘米。
Zai ni de you shen li you yi ke hen ming que de jie shi.
1 li mi cheng 1.2 li mi
病人：那我该怎么办呢？Na wo gai zen me ban ne?
医生：选择碎石术是比较明智的。
Xuan ze sui shi shu shi bi jiao ming zhi de.