The Pelvic
Girdle and
Lower Limb
Pelvic (hip) Girdle
2 coxal (hip) bones
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
Sacroiliac Joint
Pubic Symphysis
Function:
Support for vertebral
column
Protect pelvic organs
Attach lower limbs
Coxal Bone Markings
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
Acetabulum
Iliac Crest
Greater Sciatic
Notch
Obturator Foramen
Pelvis
Combination of the sacrum, coccyx, and
the 2 hip bones
2 parts – greater (false) and lesser (true)
Pelvis - continued
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
Pubic Symphysis
Sacrum
Coccyx
Pelvic Brim
Pelvic Inlet
Pelvic Outlet
Pubic Arch
X-Ray of Pelvis
Comparison of Male and
Female Pelvis
Point of
Comparison
Female
Male
General Structure
Light and Thin
Heavy and Thick
False Pelvis
Shallow
Deep
Pelvic Inlet
Larger and Oval
Smaller and Heart
Shaped
Acetabulum
Small, faces anteriorly
Large and faces
laterally
Obturator Foramen
Oval
Round
Pubic Arch
Greater than 90o
Less than 90o
Comparison of Male and
Female Pelvis
Pelvimetry
Measurement
of the size of
the inlet and
outlet of the
birth canal.
Pelvic Girdle Checkpoint
What is the name of the hip bone?
What are the 3 parts of the hip bone?
Can you identify them on a diagram???
List 3 functions of the pelvic girdle
What is the name of the “socket” where the
head of the femur sits?
List 3 differences between the male and
female pelvis. Why are these present?
LOWER LIMB
30 bones in each
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges
Femur
Longest, strongest
heaviest bone in the
body
Diaphysis has a
medial bend to bring
knees closer to the
midline of the body
Femur continued
Head
Neck
Trochanter
Condyles
Patellar Surface
Patella
Sesamoid bone
Develops in the tendon
of the quadriceps
femoris muscle
Increases the leverage
of the tendon and
maintains the position of
the tendon
Patellofemoral stress
syndrome
AKA “Runner’s
Knee”
Patella does not
glide up and down
between the
femoral condyles
but rather
laterally causing
pain.
Tibia
Shin Bone
Larger of 2 lower
leg bones
Articulates with
femur, fibula and
talus
Tibia Continued
Condyle (medial and lateral)
Tibial Tuberosity
Medial Malleolus
Shin Splints
Soreness or pain along the tibia due
to inflammation of the periosteum
from the repeated tugging of the
attached muscles and tendons. Often
the result of walking or running up
and down hills.
Fibula
Parallel and lateral to
the tibia
Articulates with the
tibia and the talus
Head, lateral malleolus
The Foot
Tarsals
7 Ankle Bones
Posterior: Talus and
Calcaneus
Anterior: cuboid,
navicular and 3
cuneiform
Metatarsals
5 bones make up
the instep of the
foot
Numbered I-V
Phalanges
14 in each foot
Hallux (Big Toe)
has 2, the rest of
the toes have 3
Bones of the Foot
A - Talus
B – Navicular
C - Cuneiform
D - Cuneiform
E – Distal Phalanax
F – Middle Phalanx
G – Proximal Phalanx
H - Metatarsal
I - Cuneiform
J - Cuboid
K - Calcaneous
Arches of the Foot
Transverse and Longitudinal
Arches enable the foot to support
the weight of the body
LOWER LIMB CHECKPOINT
answer these in your notes
What are the bones of the lower
limb?
Describe the hip joint
Describe the knee joint
Which is the medial bone of the lower
leg?
What type of bone is the patella?