Radiological and Experimental Facilities
Based On INR Proton LINAC
Sergey Akulinichev, Leonid Kravchuk, Victor Matveev
Institute for nuclear research of RAS, Moscow 117312, Russia
Facilities at the Linac and the
Experimental Complex of INR
Isotope
production
Proton linac
The H+, H- linac
H+
TWD
to Exp.Hall
Isotope production facility
at 160 MeV proton beam
RFQ
H-
Linac
TWD
High intensity neutron
sources: RADEX and INS
Proton and neutron
therapy facilities
Experimental Hall
from linac
MDDESD
BM
RADEX
INS
Proton
Therapy
NS
(INS)
The INR Linac
Proton Beam Parameters

Beam energy
140 - 600 MeV (450 MeV)

Beam current
0.1 nA - 0.5 mA ( 0.1 mA )

Beam pulse duration (TWD)
0.25 - 180 mks

Pulse frequency
1 - 100 Hz
(50 Hz)
The Isotope Production Facility
Proton Beam Parameters.


Beam energy
160 MeV.
Beam current
up to 0.5 mA ( 0.1 mA ).

Beam pulse duration
60 - 180 mks.

Pulse frequency
1 - 100
Hz.

Isotope production
(Pd 103, Sr 82-Rb, Cu 67,
Sn 117 and others).
Beam Microstructure

The traveling wave
deflectors operate at the
400 keV injector beam line.
Beam
Injector

Can form the necessary
beam shape inside the
macro-impulse (180 µs) of
the beam with the 10-20 ns
front times. The deflecting
field is 3-5 kV.

Is involved in the Safety
system of the INR linac.

Is used to adjust the needed
beam frequency 0-100 Hz.

Is used as a beam dump.
Beam
TWD
180 mks
Tg
MDD field
Beam
RADEX
Beam
Spectrometer
Time diagram of deflector operation
RADEX
Impulse Neutron Source
for Material Science.

Target W+Н2O ( 32  40 cm) creates
the neutron flow to horizontal and
vertical channels.

Beam pulse duration 0.25-180 mks.
Beam frequency
1-100 Hz.



Neutron intensity
 2·1015 n/s
( < 15 MeV ),
~1.5·1014 n/s (15 – 300 MeV ).
Neutron spectra has an evaporation
form with about 9% of cascade
neutrons.
Impulse Neutron Source






Neutron intensity ~1016 n/s
7 channels with  204 mm and
10 m length
Beam pulse duration
0.25-180 mks
Beam frequency
1-100 Hz
Neutron energy
~ 0.025 20·106 eV
TOF Spectrometer
(Pb cube, C
prism )


Neutron energy 1 eV - 30 keV.
Neutron intensity ~106 n/cm2/s
near the cube surface with ~1
mkA proton beam current
Beam pulse duration 0.25-180 mks
Facilities for Particle Therapy in Russia
Since facilities for particle therapy are quite complicated and
expensive, most of working hadrontherapy centers are still based on
physical research institutes.
Also it helps to coordinate efforts of medical and physical scientists.
Institute
Beam energy,
MeV
Beam pulse,
mks
Pulse
frequency,
Hz
Patients
treated
ITEP,
Moscow
70-200
0,14
<1
3500
PINP,
St.Peter.
1000
300
40
1200
JINR,
Dubna
660
30
250
200
INR,
Troitsk
74-247
0,2-180
50-100
-
50
In Russia only the accelerator in Troitsk fits all basic
requirements of proton therapy for beam parameters (the energy
range, duration and frequency of pulses).
Radiological Facilities at INR

Proton therapy: The proton linac
(energy 74 – 247 MeV, beam
current 1 nA-1mkA).

Medical isotope production at the
INR linac (Pd 103, Sr 82-Rb, Cu
67, Sn 117 and others).

Neutron therapy: High intensity
neutron sources (~109 n/cm2/s).

Photon therapy: The electron
linear accelerator SL-75-5-МТ
(energy up to 6 MeV).
The Medical Electron Linear
Accelerator SL-75-5-МТ

The maximal energy of
photons – 6 МV.

The maximal doze in the
isocenter – 5 Gray/min.

Irradiation field in the
isocenter – 40x40 cm.

Capacity- up to 50 patients
per day.
The boost method (γ+p) will
allow to increase the overall
performance of the proton
linac.
Unique Devices and Systems for
Radiotherapy at INR
Unique devices and systems for
radiotherapy were designed and
created in INR:

Universal and very precise (10 mkm
at 40x40x30 cm) computer-driven
treatment chair for the fixation of
patient in any position,

Unique for their transparency and
sensitivity narrow-gap (~2mm) air
ionization chambers of radialoriented polyimide films,

The digital x-ray patient centration
system .
Ambulatory of INR Radiological Centre
Capacity:
50 patients per day.
Personnel:
15-20.
The indoor area: 550 м2.
Supply systems:
 System of independent water
purification,
 System of independent power supply,
 Central air conditioning.
The X-ray laboratory for
topometry and therapy
is under
construction.
Perspectives of the Radiological Centre
Projected 2-nd stage of the
Radiological center will have:
an additional treatment room
with vertical and horizontal
beams of protons,
laboratory for diagnostics and
therapy with radionuclides
Full circle of the isotope
production
Treatment room for neutron
capturing therapy
Together with the Hospital of RAS,
the Medical Complex in Troitsk will
be one of the biggest radiological
centres in Russia.
Perspectives of the Radiological Centre
Concluding,
 The INR Radiological centre may become an universal
radiological centre, where most modern methods of
radiology and radiobiology will be developed and applied.
The linac properties (the possibility to vary the energy and
the intensity of beams in a wide range) provide as the
proton therapy, as also other main methods of radiology:
brachytherapy, diagnostics and therapy with
radiopharmaceuticals and the neutron - capture therapy.
 As a part of the Medical Complex in Troitsk it will be one of
the biggest radiological centers in Russia. Based on
possibilities of physical research Institute and the Hospital,
it will be a place there medical and physical scientists can
work together.
 The possibility of the simultaneous operation of isotope
production facility, installations of experimental hall and
proton treatment increases considerably the economical
effectiveness of linac operation.