CHAPTER
1
Three Worlds Meet
Overview
Time Lines
SECTION
1 Peopling the Americas
SECTION
2 Native American Societies Around 1492
SECTION
3 West African Societies Around 1492
SECTION
4 European Societies Around 1492
SECTION
5 Transatlantic Encounters
Chapter Assessment
Transparencies
CHAPTER
1
Three Worlds Meet
“Three separate histories collided in the
Western Hemisphere half a millennium ago,
and American history began.”
Edward Countryman, historian
THEMES IN CHAPTER 1
Immigration and Migration
Cultural Diversity
Science and Technology
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CHAPTER
1
Three Worlds Meet
What do you know?
• What happens when different societies meet?
• How do you define the word immigrant?
• Who were the immigrant groups that first
settled in what is today the United States?
Which of these groups arrived first?
• What does the term “First Americans” mean
to you?
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CHAPTER
1
Time Line
The Americas
38,000 B.C. Asian peoples begin to migrate to
America over Beringia land bridge.
12,000 Land bridge disappears, ending
migration.
1200 Olmec society forms.
800 Adena culture begins building mounds.
A.D. 200 Hopewell culture flourishes.
300 People first settle the Hawaiian Islands.
1400 Iroquois League is formed.
1000 Viking Leif Ericson reaches what is
now Newfoundland.
1440 Montezuma becomes ruler of the Aztec
Empire.
1492 Christopher Columbus reaches America.
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CHAPTER
1
Time Line
The World
1000 B.C. Israel becomes a kingdom.
753 Rome is founded.
622 A.D. Prophet Muhammad founds Islam.
1096 The Crusades begin.
1440 Gutenberg develops printing press using
movable type.
1453 Portuguese begin West African slave trade.
1494 Treaty of Tordesillas defines Portuguese
and Spanish claims in the
Western Hemisphere.
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SECTION
1
Peopling the Americas
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Learn About
the ancient peoples who first settled in the Americas.
To Understand
how diverse cultures developed as people adapted
their ways of life to the varied landscape of the
Americas.
SECTION
1
Peopling the Americas
Key Idea
As early as 40,000 years ago, ancient
peoples first settle in the Americas.
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SECTION
1
Peopling the Americas
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Section 1 Assessment
SUMMARIZING
What were some of the early civilizations of the Americas,
the approximate dates they existed, and their locations?
Location
Civilization
Dates
Olmec
1200 B.C. to 400 B.C.
southern
Mexico
Adena and
Hopewell
800 B.C. to A.D. 400
east of Mississippi
River
Inca
emerged A.D. 1400
Aztec
A.D. 1200s to 1500s
western coast of
South America
Valley of Mexico
SECTION
1
Peopling the Americas
Section 1 Assessment
EVALUATING
Which of the ancient empires that flourished in the Americas
was most advanced?
THINK ABOUT
• ways in which the culture adapted to its environment
• the achievements of the culture
• the qualities of advanced civilizations today
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SECTION
1
Peopling the Americas
Section 1 Assessment
APPLYING
What single technological advancement made by ancient
cultures was most significant?
THINK ABOUT
• Middle and South American groups
• desert peoples
• Mound Builder peoples
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SECTION
2
Native American Societies Around 1492
Learn About
Native American societies, trade, and culture.
To Understand
the diversity of Native American peoples and how
they interacted with one another.
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SECTION
2
Native American Societies Around 1492
Key Idea
North America in the 1400s is populated by
hundreds of diverse groups with wellestablished trading and cultural patterns.
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2
Native American Societies Around 1492
Section 2 Assessment
SUMMARIZING
How did Native American societies adapt to the environment
of their region?
ENVIRONMENTAL ADAPTATION
Northwest
Coast: the
Kwakiutl
adapted to
coast and
ocean,
collecting
shellfish and
hunting
whales and
seals
California:
the Kashaya
Pomo
adapted to
marshlands
and snared
waterfowl
Eastern
Woodlands:
the Iroquois
adapted to
the
woodlands
by hunting
wild game
Southwest:
the Acoma
adapted to
cliffs and
used rock
cisterns to
collect
rainwater
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SECTION
2
Native American Societies Around 1492
Section 2 Assessment
SYNTHESIZING
Were the many Native American groups more diverse than
they were similar?
THINK ABOUT
• adaptation to physical settings
• the role of tradition
• the variety of goods and languages encountered in trading
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SECTION
2
Native American Societies Around 1492
Section 2 Assessment
CLARIFYING
What three words describe the Native American societies
that flourished 500 years ago?
THINK ABOUT
• the natural resources in their regions
• their tools and artwork
• their rituals, customs, and traditions
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SECTION
3
West African Societies Around 1492
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Learn About
trade, societies, and culture in West Africa.
To Understand
the diversity of West African peoples and how they
interacted with one another and the rest of the world.
SECTION
3
West African Societies Around 1492
Key Idea
West Africa in the 1400s is home to a variety
of peoples who interacted with the wider
world through trade.
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SECTION
3
West African Societies Around 1492
Section 3 Assessment
SUMMARIZING
What are details that relate to the following topics?
West Africa’s
Climate Zones
• desert
• tropical rain
forests
• savanna
West Africa’s
Major
Geographical
Features
• Sahara Desert
• Atlantic
coastline
• Niger River
Three West
African
Kingdoms and
Their Climate
Zones
• Songhai:
savanna and
desert
• Benin:
rain forest
• Kongo:
rain forest
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SECTION
3
West African Societies Around 1492
Section 3 Assessment
ANALYZING
What factors contributed to the thriving trade system that
flourished in West Africa?
THINK ABOUT
• geographic location and features
• the kinds of goods exchanged
• the societies that emerged in West Africa
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SECTION
3
West African Societies Around 1492
Section 3 Assessment
COMPARING
What are the similarities between West African kingdoms
around 1492 and America today?
THINK ABOUT
• the power of leaders
• social and commercial organization
• intellectual and artistic activity
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SECTION
4
European Societies Around 1492
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Learn About
the changes emerging in western European societies.
To Understand
how these changes spurred the Age of Exploration.
SECTION
4
European Societies Around 1492
Key Idea
Changes that occur in western European
societies spur the Age of Exploration in the
1400s.
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SECTION
4
European Societies Around 1492
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Section 4 Assessment
SUMMARIZING
What are some events and forces that illustrate changes that
spurred the Age of Exploration in western Europe?
centralized
states
Changes in
western Europe
declining papal
authority
renewed
missionary
calling
economic
political
social
printing press
joint-stock
companies
cultural
technological
population
growth
growth of
commerce
Renaissance
spirit of
adventure
travel stories
improvements in mapmaking
SECTION
4
European Societies Around 1492
Section 4 Assessment
ANALYZING
Which European event of the late 1400s and early 1500s had
the most far-reaching impact?
THINK ABOUT
• the importance of religion
• the role of adventurers and explorers
• the rise in prosperity
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4
European Societies Around 1492
Section 4 Assessment
DRAWING CONCLUSIONS
Why did other European nations lag behind Portugal in the
race for overseas exploration?
THINK ABOUT
• the geography of Portugal
• the power of monarchs in the 1400s
• the economic and political situation of European nations at
that time
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SECTION
5
Transatlantic Encounters
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Learn About
Columbus’s transatlantic voyages and early interaction
with Native Americans.
To Understand
how these encounters permanently changed Africa,
Europe, the Americas, and the world.
SECTION
5
Transatlantic Encounters
Key Idea
Columbus’s voyage in 1492 sets events in
motion that permanently change Africa,
Europe, the Americas, and the rest of the
world.
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SECTION
5
Transatlantic Encounters
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Section 5 Assessment
SUMMARIZING
What were the major events of Columbus’s voyages and
interactions with Native Americans?
1492
Columbus’s first
voyage to the
Americas
1495
Rebellion of Taino of
Hispaniola against
Spanish
1493
Columbus’s return
trip to the Americas
Columbus’s conquest
of St. Croix
1504
Columbus returns
to Spain
1500
Columbus asked to
leave Hispaniola
because of inability to
maintain order
SECTION
5
Transatlantic Encounters
Section 5 Assessment
GENERALIZING
A stereotype is an oversimplified opinion or image. What
stereotypes might Columbus and his soldiers have formed
about Native Americans, and Native Americans might have
formed about Spaniards? Why?
THINK ABOUT
• Columbus’s journal entries
• Columbus and his soldiers’ methods of colonization
• Native Americans’ attempts to resist conquest
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SECTION
5
Transatlantic Encounters
Section 5 Assessment
ANALYZING EFFECTS
What were three of the most important long-term
consequences of Columbus’s encounters in the Americas?
THINK ABOUT
• conquering and claiming land
• forced labor of Native Americans and Africans
• the impact on Africa, Europe, and the Americas
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Chapter
1
Assessment
1. What theories explain when and how the first people
arrived in the Americas?
2. Give two examples of how ancient societies
demonstrated their resourcefulness in adapting to their
physical environments.
3. Provide two examples of how Native American societies
drew upon or honored their cultural heritage.
4. Describe three broad cultural patterns that the diverse
Native American societies shared.
5. What exchanges of goods and ideas occurred as a result
of trade routes across the Sahara?
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Chapter
1
Assessment
6. What were three West African kingdoms that
flourished in the late 1400s and early 1500s?
7. What three effects did the Crusades have on European
society in the 1400s?
8. What were the most significant Portuguese
explorations?
9. What methods of colonization, based on earlier models,
did Spain use in the Americas?
10. What unfulfilled goal left Columbus disappointed at
the end of his life?
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