Wilderness
Champions
Wilderness
Stew
Wilderness
By The
Numbers
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ALDO
The principal author of
The Wilderness Act
Who is:
HOWARD ZAHNISER
 Executive Secretary of The Wilderness Society,
1945-1964,
 Legislation first introduced in 1956; 65 rewrites,
18 public hearings,
 Longtime federal employee prior to joining the
staff of TWS,
 Eloquent wordsmith, he chose the word
“untrammeled” as the right word to characterize
Wilderness in the Act.
Advocate for, and
champion of, the first
USFS administrative
wilderness area
Who is:
ALDO LEOPOLD
 Gila Wilderness Area in New Mexico
 574,000 acres in 1924
 Namesake for the Aldo Leopold Wilderness
Research Institute (ALWRI)
The first “Landscape
Architect” in the U.S.
Forest Service, he
advocated preservation of
Trappers Lake and the
Boundary Waters in their
natural conditions.
Who is:
ARTHUR CARHART
 Tasked in 1919 with planning roads and 200+
waterfront vacation cabin sites at Trappers Lake
on White River NF in CO; and later on several
lakes in northern Minnesota.
 Trappers Lake is now within the 235,000-acre
Flat Tops Wilderness; and the Boundary Waters
Canoe Area Wilderness is nearly 813,000 acres.
 Namesake for the Arthur Carhart National
Wilderness Training Center (ACNWTC)
This son of a wealthy New
York lawyer was renown
for his strength and
endurance. He served as
Direction of Recreation
and Lands for the U.S.
Forest Service in the
1930s.
Who is:
BOB MARSHALL
• A co-founder of The Wilderness Society in 1935,
• Author of the USFS “U-Regulations”, which
prevented road construction, timber harvest,
hotels/lodges/permanent camps on more than 14
million acres of national forest lands; by
designating agency-administered wildernesses, wild
areas, and roadless areas,
• Namesake for “The Bob” – the Bob Marshall
Wilderness – more than a million acres in western
Montana.
While many human
activities are allowed,
encouraged, and
compatible with
Wilderness, some are not.
Name three “uses” that
are prohibited by The
Wilderness Act.
What are:
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Commercial Enterprises
Permanent Roads
Temporary Roads
Use of Motor Vehicles
Use of Motorized Equipment
Use of Motorboats
Landing of Aircraft
Other Forms of Mechanical Transport
Structures
Installations
 Section 4c
The closest Wilderness to
the Wilderness Skills
Institute, and the Cradle
of Forestry in America
(Brevard, N.C.).
What is:
SHINING ROCK
WILDERNESS
 Largest in N.C., 18,483 acres.
 Designated in 1964, one of only three in the East
designated by the original Wilderness Act.
 Borders Middle Prong Wilderness, 7,460 acres.
 Heavy recreation use, 3 peaks > 6,000’.
 Managed by the U.S. Forest Service.
Name either the Largest,
or the Smallest,
Wilderness in the
National Wilderness
Preservation System.
What are (either):
Wrangell-Saint Elias Wz, AK, 9million ac
Death Valley Wz,
CA,NV 3million ac
(largest in Lower 48)
Pelican Island Wz,
FL
6 ac
This person is known
as the
“Granddad of Eastern
Wilderness”.
Who is:
ERNIE DICKERMAN
 Wilderness Society staffer 1956-1976
 President of the Virginia Wilderness Committee
1976-1979
 Fought road-building in the Great Smoky Mountains
National Park 1965-1973
 Challenged the USFS position that few areas in the
east qualified as wilderness, because not “pristine”
or “untouched”.
 Congress passed Public Law 96-622 in 1975,
commonly referred to as the “Eastern Wilderness
Areas Act”.
Year that The Wilderness
Act was passed, and
became law.
What is:(or When was:)
1964
 Passed by Congress with only one “no” vote, signed
by President Lyndon Johnson on Sept 3,1964.
 Established the NATIONAL WILDERNESS
PRESERVATION SYSTEM (NWPS) and designated
54 Wildernesses in 13 states, 9.1 million acres.
 Other 1964 laws: Civil Rights Act, Economic
Opportunity Act (created Job Corps), Land &
Water Conservation Act (enacted in 1965)
 2014 will mark the
50th Anniversary of Wilderness !
How many Wildernesses
(or Wilderness Areas)
are there now ?
What is:
7 5 7
 As of May 2013, there are 757 Wildernesses, in
44 states and the territory of Puerto Rico,
totalling nearly 110,000,000 acres.
How many federal
agencies manage one or
more Wildernesses
(or Wilderness Areas) ?
What is:
4
Agency
#
Bureau of Land Management
US Fish & Wildlife Service
National Park Service
US Forest Service
of Wz
221
71
60
440
Acres .
8,750,000
20,700,000
43,900,000
36,200,000
(some Wildernesses are managed by more than one agency)
{BLM,NPS, and USFWS are all USDOI agencies.}
{USFS is a USDA agency.}
How much Wilderness is
there?
- specifically What percentage of the
land in the United States
is Wilderness?
What is:
5%
 In the “Lower 48 States”, excluding Alaska, 2.7%
of the land is Wilderness.
A forester by training,
and an early champion
of wilderness
preservation, Aldo is
perhaps better known as
the “father of
_____________”
What is (either):
WILDLIFE (GAME)
MANAGEMENT, or
A LAND ETHIC
(Either Response is Acceptable)
The name of Aldo’s
most famous book.
What is:
“A Sand County
Almanac”
 Full Title: “A Sand County Almanac And
Sketches Here and There”
 Not published until 1949, after his death.
Leopold described as a
defining moment in his
thinking, and in his
development of a land ethic,
an event early in his USFS
career, observing an old,
gun-shot wolf, “watching a
_ _ _ dying in her eyes.”
What is:
“a fierce green fire”
 “Green Fire” is the title of
Leopold’s 2011 DVD biography.
 The WOLF logo is one of the
symbols of WILDERNESS.
In 1948, at age
61, Leopold died
of a heart attack
while doing this.
What is:
Fighting a grass
fire on a
neighbor’s farm.