The First Americans – AH
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The First Americans Introduction Origins Regional Diversity Mesoamerica Western Mississippian Eastern Woodlands Southwest Pacific Northwest Iroquois New England Conclusion Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Iroquois Hiawatha Themes Origins of Native Americans in Western Hemisphere Diversity of lifestyle Changing nature of Indian societies before European contact Introduction Origins Regional Diversity Mesoamerica Southwest Eastern Woodlands Mississippian Iroquois New England Conclusion Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Iroquois Hiawatha Southwest Location Food Source Dwellings Interesting Facts Mesoamerica Pacific Northwest Mississippian Iroquois Native Americans and Origins Many anthropologists and historians agree humans lived in North American about 35,000 BC How did they arrive…? Bering Land Bridge Map of Bering Land Bridge Locations of Selected Native American Peoples, 1500 AD Farming Access to food = key Agricultural Origins 8000 B.C. Middle East 5000 B.C. Western Hemisphere Introduction Origins Regional Diversity Mesoamerica Western Mississippian Eastern Woodlands Southwest Pacific Northwest Iroquois New England Conclusion Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Iroquois Hiawatha Major Mesoamerican Cultures Aztecs Mayans Incas Major Mesoamerican Cultures (Aztecs) Became dominant power by 1400s Capitals = Tenochtitlan Pop: 300,000 (bigger than a city in Europe) Religion Polytheistic (The worship of many gods) Aztec honored over 200 deities Aztecs Became dominant power by 1400s Capitals = Tenochtitlan Pop: 300,000 (bigger than an city in Europe) Still expanding their empire in early 1500s Aztec Agriculture Farming - Irrigation network created fertile cropland and access to fresh water Introduction Origins Regional Diversity Mesoamerica Western Mississippian Eastern Woodlands Southwest Pacific Northwest Iroquois New England Conclusion Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Iroquois Hiawatha Major Southwest Cultures Anasazi Hohokam Mogollon Southwest Civilization Know for its dry climate but farming was important Chaco Canyon was a center for trade Constructed mud block structure and cities Southwest Cultures Anasazi culture declined by 12th and 13th centuries as rain levels dropped. Large communities most likely dissolved into smaller tribes and bands Hohokam and Mogollon cultures persist to this day Introduction Origins Regional Diversity Mesoamerica Western Mississippian Eastern Woodlands Southwest Pacific Northwest Iroquois New England Conclusion Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Iroquois Hiawatha Pacific Northwest Pacific Northwest Bark: used for clothing, baskets, etc. When softened it could be fashioned into diapers for babies Lumber: Canoes, homes (longhouses), etc. Longhouses were very large: 100 x 40 ft Pacific Northwest Seafood/Salmon Hunter/gatherers Seafood was the foundation of their diet Fish could be caught in many way Fish were preserved by drying and smoking Key = Abundance Clams, crabs, and other shellfish were eaten Whales were hunted in some areas Introduction Origins Regional Diversity Mesoamerica Western Mississippian Eastern Woodlands Southwest Pacific Northwest Iroquois New England Conclusion Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Iroquois Hiawatha Mississippian Mississippian Mississippian culture emerged about 700 AD Cahokia was located near present-day St. Louis Cahokia Mounds Covered about 125 sq miles 20,000 residents Built platform mounds Served as temples and homes for chiefs Mississippian Mississippian culture emerged about 700 AD Cahokia was located near present-day St. Louis After 1200 it entered a period of decline Introduction Origins Regional Diversity Mesoamerica Western Mississippian Eastern Woodlands Southwest Pacific Northwest Iroquois New England Conclusion Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Iroquois Hiawatha Iroquois Iroquois: A Confederation of Five Separate Tribes Confederation of tribes that number around 10,000 total Mohawks Oneidas Onondagas Cayugas Senecas Political Structure Council Government Each tribe in confederacy sent delegates/representatives to council meetings Iroquois Society Homes = Longhouses Property was owned communally Division of labor between men/women: 25 ft wide Up to 200 ft in length Several families would live in each longhouse Men: hunted/fished; warriors Women: farmed and gathered A significant portion of their diet came from farmed products Iroquois Society Homes = Longhouses Property was owned communally Division of labor between men/women: 25 ft wide Up to 200 ft in length Several families would live in each longhouse Men: hunted/fished; warriors Women: farmed and gathered A significant portion of their diet came from farmed products Women in Iroquois Society Descent was matrilineal; Husband moved into home of wife’s family houses were headed by women Women could divorce their husbands Women selected all delegates to the Iroquois Council and influenced policy New England New England Northern New England Hunter-gathers: Very Mobile Spring and summer lived near coasts; moved inland for fall and winter to hunt game animals 15,000-20,000 population in 1600 Southern England New Hunted and Farmed (at times up to 2/3 of diet) 55,000-80,000 population in 1600 Farming Methods Fields were cleared by girdling and with fire “Three Sisters” of agriculture Corn, beans, and squash were planted together Corn drew Nitrogen Beans added Nitrogen Farming had a major impact on the environment Introduction Origins Regional Diversity Mesoamerica Western Mississippian Eastern Woodlands Southwest Pacific Northwest Iroquois New England Conclusion Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Iroquois Hiawatha Review Origins of Native Americans Tremendous differences among Indian Peoples Compare and contrast life; what ere some important traits of people living in different regions? Source http://college.cen gage.com/history/l ecturepoints/part0 1_lecture01/part01 _lecture01.html • Southwest • Mesoameric a • Pacific Northwest • Mississippian • Iroquois Present day Mexico Longhouses Longhouses Confederacy of Five Tribes in New York Farmed Farmed Built Mound Platforms Near present day St. Louis Farmed Matrilineal Society Tenochtitlan Farmed Built mud block homes Hunter/Gather Seafood Built Mud Brick Homes
