MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
Management & Practices
Er. Chinmoy Chakraborty
Asssitant Engineer (Mech)
Agartala Municipal Corporation
What is MSW
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) more
commonly known as trash or garbage
consists of household waste, construction
and demolition debris, sanitation residue,
and waste from streets. This garbage is
generated mainly from residential and
commercial
complexes.
With
rising
urbanization and change in lifestyle and food
What is MSW
habits, the amount of municipal solid waste
has been increasing rapidly and its
composition changing. In 1947 cities and
towns in India generated an estimated 6
million tones of solid waste, in 2012 it is
about 160 million tones. This comes from
our homes, schools, hospitals, and
businesses. Municipal Solid Waste does
have four broad category-Organic, Toxic,
Recyclable, BMW.
What is MSW
 Organic Waste :
kitchen waste, vegetables,
flowers, leaves, fruits etc.
 Toxic Waste
:
Old medicines, paints, chemicals,
bulbs, spray cans, fertilizer
pesticide containers, batteries
etc.
 Recyclable
 BMW
:
:
Paper, glass, metals, plastics.
Hospital waste such as cloth
soiled with blood and other body
fluids.
Approximate Decomposition Time of Waste
Type of Waste
Organic waste such as vegetable and
fruit peels, leftover foodstuff, etc.
Paper
Cotton cloth
Wood
Degeneration Time
Woolen items
Tin, aluminum, and other metal items
such as cans
1 year
a week or two.
10–30 days
2–5 months
10–15 years
100–500 years
Plastic bags
one million years
Glass bottles
undetermined
Management for MSW
Management is the collection, transportation,
processing,
recycling
and
disposal,
monitoring of waste materials. The term
usually relates to materials produced by
human activity, and is generally undertaken
to reduce their effect on health, the
environment
or
aesthetic.
Waste
management can involve solid, liquid,
gaseous or radioactive substances.
Management for MSW
Waste management practices differ for
developed and developing nations, for urban
and rural areas. Management for nonhazardous waste residential and institutional
waste is usually the responsibility of local
government authorities, while management
for hazardous commercial and industrial
waste is usually the responsibility of the
generator.
MSW Management
Open Dumping
Scientific Dumping
Transfer Station
Resource Recovery
Transfer Station
(Compaction)
Recyclable Inorganic & Others
Organic
56%
7.0
30%
98 %
NH4
16.0
OPEN GROUND
Ground Water
SANITARY LANDFILL
Compost (14%)
Disposal & Processing
MSW
rules
2000
clearly
specifies
“DISPOSAL” in terms of the specified
manner so as to prevent contamination of
ground water, surface water and ambient air
quality.
ULB’s responsibility is to adopt suitable
technology of combination of technologies to
make use of waste so as to minimize the
burden of landfill.
Disposal & Processing
Few Technology Options:
Technology
Sanitary Landfill with recovery of
organic waste
Vermiculture
Power Generation through biomethanation
An aerobic digestion for organic
manure
Status
A good option. Most of the Ulbs
are adopting this option.
Practical for small volume of
waste. Large area is required.
Can be used for source
segregated food waste with low
CN ratio
There is a risk factor of waste
water discharge
Modern Sanitary Landfill
Disposal and Processing
Landfill Structure
Disposal and Processing
Scientific landfill must have following
facilities
1.Approach Roads
2.Weigh Bridge
3.Administrative Building & Laboratory
4.Site Drainage
5.Leachate Collection & Treatment
6.Landfill Gas Collection
7.Monitoring Network
infrastructure
Disposal and Processing
 Waste from the city are to be carried in perfectly
covered condition by using Compactors etc.
 All carried waste are initially be stacked on
concrete yard protected by surrounding
drainage system.
 Entire quantity of waste collected passes through
the processes  Sanitization
Disposal and Processing
 Bioconversion & value enhancement
 Segregation of recyclable item
 Bio degradable waste (moisture content <
20%) finally goes to mechanical plant
 Mechanical plant does have certain process
where further segregation is done while waste
moves
through
different
sizes
trommel/scanner.
Disposal and Processing
Types of Compost





Trenching Method
Anaerobic
Enclosed Hall Method
Closed Box or Tunnel Method
Windrow Composting with weekly turning for
aeration either by lifting ,shifting or turning
Disposal and Processing
Compost Plant with Trommel & Conveyor
Disposal and Processing
Landfill
After the composting process is over the rejects are
taken to the Landfill in which no. of cells are made to
run for a certain period.
The base liner of each cell at initial layer is a
composite liner comprising of 50 cm highly
compacted soil.
Over this a Geo-synthetic Clay Liner (GCL) is used to
prevent ground water pollution.
Disposal and Processing
Landfill
A 1.5 mm HDPE Geo membrane is placed over the
GCL. Leachate collection system is placed over the
Geo-membrane with other additional layers of Gravel,
Geo Textile etc. to make it perfectly impermeable.
Disposal and Processing
Closure
After the Landfill Cell is fully filled up it is to be properly
capped. The various layers are placed on the waste as
gravel of 200 mm thick, soil layer 600 mm thick, 1 mm
thick HDPE liner. Over that a 150 mm gravel layer is
placed as a drainage layer then a soil layer of 400 mm
thick is placed for vegetation, plantation etc. for a
pleasing look
Disposal and Processing
Landfill site after Scientific Closure
Disposal and processing
Technical Steps for handling MSW :





Primary Collection
Road Sweeping
D2D Collection
Improvement of waste collection from slum areaa.
Handling of other waste
 Construction Debris
 Drainage silt
Disposal and Processing
Technical Steps for handling MSW :







Effective Transportation with GPS Tracking
Waste Segregation
Waste Processing
Compost Plant
Sanitary Landfill with Leachate Treatment.
Handling of BMW.
Education & Awareness
AN OVERVIEW OF SWM OF AGARTLA
Statistics
Source of Waste
Generation Quantity/Day
Household
80 MT/Day
Street Littering
15 MT/Day
Hotels & Restaurants
20 MT/Day
Vegetable Market
30 MT/Day
Other Commercial Establishment
15 MT/Day
Total
250 MT/Day
Statistics
Parameters
Compostable organics
Quantity in
percentage
72.5
Weight in Tons
182.25
Recyclable
2.8
7.00
Metal & Glass
1.50
3.75
Plastics
6.50
16.25
Inerts & Others
16.70
41.75
Total
250.00
Collection & Transportation
Primary Collection
 NGOs to collect household waste generally
kitchen waste from the household bins
(distributed to house hold from AMC’s end) and
transport through tricycle van/ auto tipper to
dispose off primarily in the community bins of
capacity 1.1/4.5 cum available in the main roads
No of NGOs- 20
User Charge per Household : Rs. 30 PM
Collection & Transportation
Primary Collection
 Hotel, restaurants and other commercial
establishments are also covered in door to door
collection.
No of NGOs : 01
User Charge : Rs. 250 PM
 All vegetable markets are also covered by NGOs
No of NGOs : 10
Collection & Transportation
1.1 cum & 4.5 Cum container
Collection & Transportation
Secondary Collection
Refuse Compactor 8 cum Refuse Compactor 14 cum
Collection & Transportation
Secondary Collection
Refuse Collector 8 cum
Dumper Placer
Collection & Transportation
Secondary Collection
Auto Tipper
Sweeping Machine
Collection & Transportation
 600 nos. 1.1 cum container and 60 nos. 4.5 cum
metallic community bins are placed across the
city.
 21 nos. refuse compactor to transport waste
from 1.1 cum capacity CB.
 6 nos. dumper placer for transportation of waste
from 4.5 cum capacity CB.
 18 open tipper truck for transportation of waste
 10 nos. mini auto tipper are in the service of
door to door collection
Collection & Transportation
 Most of the vehicles movement are tracked with
GPS system namely vehicle tracking system
introduced in the year 2012.
 To handle debris, construction material 6 nos.
skid steer loader along with 02 nos. back hoe
loader are utilized which minimizes manpower &
time
 De-siltation is being done using 2 nos. De-silting
Machines comprising 4 dump tanks. Work is in
progress for covered and un covered drains.
Collection & Transportation
 BMW (Bio Medical Waste) is collection done
through 02 nos. specialized vehicle from 65 nos.
of hospitals, pathological labs, clinic and
incinerated in out incinerator at Hapania.
 To handle debris, construction material 6 nos.
skid steer loader along with 02 nos. back hoe
loader are utilized which minimizes manpower &
time.
Collection & Transportation
Desilting Machine
Collection & Transportation
Skid Steer Loader & Back Hoe Loader
Collection & Transportation
BMW Collection-Transportation Vehicle –Processing in Incinerator
Latest Initiatives
 20 nos. TATA Ace based hopper type mini tipper
will shortly be inducted in the door to service
which will be made departmental activity to
ensure cent percent D2D collection across the
whole AMC area .
 Setting of “Design, Build and Operate basis 250
TPD Solid Waste Processing Plant is in progress
at Devendra Chandra Nagar.
 02 nos. new 14 cum refuse compactor will be
inducted in the service.
THANK YOU