Chapter Introduction
Section 1: The New Immigrants
Section 2: Moving to the City
Section 3: A Changing Culture
Visual Summary
The New Immigrants
Essential Question What were some
characteristics of the new wave of immigrants
that arrived after 1865?
Moving to the City
Essential Question How did cities change
during the late 1800s?
A Changing Culture
Essential Question In what ways did
American culture change in the late 1800s?
What were some characteristics of
the new wave of immigrants that
arrived after 1865?
Reading Guide
Content Vocabulary
• emigrate
• sweatshop
• ethnic group
• assimilate
• steerage
Academic Vocabulary
• attitude
• affect
Reading Guide (cont.)
Key People and Events
• Emma Lazarus
• Chinese Exclusion Act
• Immigration Act of 1917
Which word best describes the life of
an immigrant in the United States?
A. Challenging
B. Exciting
0%
D
A
0%
A
B
C
0%
D
C
D. Hopeful
B
C. Easy
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
A Flood of Immigrants
New immigrants began to arrive in
the late 1800s, seeking
opportunities in the United States.
A Flood of Immigrants (cont.)
• “New” immigrants arrived from Greece,
Russia, Hungary, Italy, Turkey, and Poland in
the mid 1880s.
• After 1900, immigration from Mexico, China,
and Japan increased.
A Flood of Immigrants (cont.)
• People emigrated from their native
countries for a variety of reasons, including:
– Overcrowding
– Poverty
– Scarce jobs
– Crop failures
– Persecution against certain ethnic groups
– The opportunity for a better life
A Flood of Immigrants (cont.)
• After a difficult ocean voyage in steerage,
most immigrants landed in New York City
and were greeted by the words of poet
Emma Lazarus on the Statue of Liberty.
Statue of Liberty
Why are immigrants coming to the
United States today?
A. Personal persecution
B. Seeking opportunity
0%
D
A
0%
A
B
C
0%
D
C
D. All of the above
B
C. Political unfairness
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
The Immigrant Experience
Immigrants adjusted to life in
America, finding work, forming
communities, and adapting to a new
culture.
The Immigrant Experience (cont.)
• An immigrant’s greatest challenge was
finding work, and many worked in steel mills
and sweatshops.
• Immigrants wanted to assimilate into
American culture while preserving their own
culture.
• People of the same ethnic group tended to
form separate communities with their own
houses of worship, published newspapers,
stores, and clubs.
Who in the family was typically the
first to learn English?
A. Immigrant parents
B. Immigrant grandparents
0%
C
A
0%
B
C. Children of immigrants
A. A
B. B
C.0%C
The Nativist Movement
Some people opposed immigration,
while others appreciated the
positive contributions made by
immigrants.
The Nativist Movement (cont.)
• Attitudes of native-born Americans often
made assimilation more difficult for
immigrants. These Americans:
– Feared immigrants would take away their
jobs or drive down wages
– Felt immigrants did not fit into American
society
– Blamed immigrants for increased crime
and unemployment
The Nativist Movement (cont.)
• The nativist movement called for restrictions
on immigration. Legislation affected
immigrants from all nations:
– In 1882 Congress passed the
Chinese Exclusion Act, which prohibited
Chinese workers from entering the United
States for 10 years.
– The Immigration Act of 1917 included
literacy requirements for immigrants.
How did nativists feel about immigration?
A. They tried to help
immigrants assimilate.
0%
0%
D
A
B
C
0%
D
C
A
A.
C. They blamed immigrants for
B.
increasing crime and unemployment.
C.
0%
D. They taught immigrants to read
D.
and write English.
B
B. They felt that immigrants
enriched the United States
with their culture.
How did cities change during the late
1800s?
Reading Guide
Content Vocabulary
• tenement
• settlement house
• slum
• Hull House
• suburb
• skyscraper
Academic Vocabulary
• major
• minor
Reading Guide (cont.)
Key People and Events
• Gilded Age
• Jane Addams
• Louis Sullivan
• Frederick Law Olmsted
Would you rather live in the city or in
a rural area?
A. The city
B. A rural area
A. A
B. B
0%
B
A
0%
Growth of Cities
Immigrants and others flooded to
American cities, where extremes of
poverty and wealth existed.
Growth of Cities (cont.)
• New York, Chicago, and Detroit were major
urban centers with 80% of the population
made up of immigrants and their children.
• Many African Americans and women from
rural areas also moved to the cities for new
opportunities.
• Cities flourished because of nearby
resources such as iron, steel,
and coal.
Urban and Rural Population Growth
Growth of Cities (cont.)
• The poorest residents lived in tenements in
the slums, while middle-class families
enjoyed a comfortable life in the suburbs.
• The very rich built mansions in the cities and
huge estates in the country.
• This time of extravagant wealth and terrible
poverty is known as the Gilded Age.
Urban and Rural Population Growth
What percentage of the American
population were urban dwellers in 1910?
A. 15%
B. 25%
0%
D
A
0%
A
B
C
0%
D
C
D. 75%
B
C. 50%
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
Cities in Crisis
Growing cities suffered from health
and sanitation problems, poverty,
fire, and crime.
Cities in Crisis (cont.)
• Rapid growth of cities produced serious
problems, including:
– Health problems due to sanitation issues
– Fires
– Minor crimes committed by homeless
children in order to survive
Cities in Crisis (cont.)
• Many dedicated people worked to improve
the lives of the poor.
– Religious groups ran orphanages,
hospitals, prisons, and recreation centers.
– Jane Addams founded a
settlement house called Hull House in
Chicago in 1889.
Which of the following was not a
problem to the growth of cities in the
late 1800s?
A. Tenement housing
0%
D
0%
A
D. Surplus of jobs
A
B
C
0%
D
C
C. Crime
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
B. Disease
The Changing City
New technology in transportation
and architecture reshaped cities.
The Changing City (cont.)
• New developments in architecture and
transportation emerged.
– Iron supports and elevators led
Louis Sullivan and others to develop the
first skyscrapers.
– Frederick Law Olmsted designed New
York’s Central Park as well as several
parks in Boston.
The Changing City (cont.)
– New forms of public transportation—such
as cable cars, trolley cars, subways–and
new bridge construction helped people
travel within the cities.
The first skyscraper constructed in
the United States was how tall?
A. 5 stories
B. 10 stories
0%
D
A
0%
A
B
C
0%
D
C
D. 55 stories
B
C. 25 stories
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
In what ways did American culture
change during the late 1800s?
Reading Guide
Content Vocabulary
• land-grant college
• spectator sport
• realism
• vaudeville
• regionalism
• jazz
• yellow journalism
• ragtime
Academic Vocabulary
• philosophy
• isolate
Reading Guide (cont.)
Key People and Events
• George Washington Carver
• Mark Twain
• Joseph Pulitzer
• William Randolph Hearst
What does “getting an education”
most mean to you?
A. Opportunity
B. Freedom
0%
D
A
0%
A
B
C
0%
D
C
D. Hope
B
C. Knowledge
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
Expanding Education
Educational opportunities were
extended to many more Americans,
as the system of public schools and
colleges expanded.
Expanding Education (cont.)
• Government and business leaders believed
that for the nation to progress, the people
needed more schooling.
• Progressive education—where students
were taught good citizenship as well as the
facts—became the new philosophy around
1900.
Expanding Education (cont.)
• Federal land that could be sold to raise
money for land-grant colleges was given to
states.
• George Washington Carver’s research at
the Tuskegee Institute transformed
agriculture in the South.
• Reservation and boarding schools trained
Native Americans for jobs, but also isolated
the Native Americans from their tribal
traditions.
Who believed that schools should relate
learning to interests, problems, and
concerns of students instead of strictly
memorizing facts?
C. John Dewey
A
0%
0%
C
B. Booker T. Washington
A. A
B. B
C.0%C
B
A. Thurgood Marshall
A Nation of Readers
Educated Americans found new
reading material in public libraries, a
growing literary culture, and thriving
newspapers.
A Nation of Readers (cont.)
• More Americans became interested in
reading as opportunities for education grew.
• Writers of the era sought to describe the
lives of people in an approach called
realism.
• Regionalism—writing that focused on a
particular region of the country—was made
popular by authors such as Mark Twain.
A Nation of Readers (cont.)
• Paul Dunbar was one of the first African
American writers to gain fame around the
world.
• Advances in printing technology allowed
daily newspapers, such as Joseph
Pulitzer’s New York World, to be published.
• William Randolph Hearst’s newspapers
became successful with a sensational writing
style known as yellow journalism.
Which headline would be an example of yellow
journalism?
A. PRESIDENT VISITS
FAR EAST
0%
D
0%
A
D. WALL STREET MAKES
SLIGHT GAINS
A
B
C
0%
D
C
C. MAYOR SIGNS
HOUSING BILL
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
B. MURDERER ON THE
LOOSE?
Leisure and the Arts
American culture moved away from
European influence and became
distinctively American.
Leisure and the Arts (cont.)
• Americans filled their increasing amounts of
leisure time with sports, art, and music.
– Baseball became the most popular
spectator sport, followed by football and
basketball.
– Wealthy Americans played tennis and golf
at private clubs.
Leisure and the Arts (cont.)
– Americans attended theaters to see
serious dramas as well as vaudeville
shows—variety shows with singing,
dancing, magic, and comedy.
• Artists and musicians began to develop a
distinctively American style.
– American artists—including Thomas
Eakins, Frederic Remington, Winslow
Homer, and James Whistler—pursued
realist themes in their works.
Leisure and the Arts (cont.)
– John Philip Sousa composed many
rousing marches, and African American
musicians—such as Scott Joplin—
developed jazz and ragtime music.
What style of painting tried to make an
immediate impression on the senses?
A. Realism
B. Impressionism
0%
D
A
0%
A
B
C
0%
D
C
D. Vaudeville
B
C. Ragtime
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
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emigrate
to leave one’s place of residence or
country to live somewhere else
ethnic group
a minority that speaks a different
language or follows different customs
than the majority of people in a
country; people who share a common
language and traditions
steerage
cramped quarters on a ship’s lower
decks for passengers paying the
lowest fares
sweatshop
a shop or factory where workers work
long hours at low wages under
unhealthy conditions
assimilate
to absorb a group into the culture
of a larger population
attitude
way of thinking and acting
affect
to influence; have an impact on
tenement
a building in which several families
rent rooms or apartments, often with
little sanitation or safety
slum
poor, crowded, and run-down urban
neighborhood
suburbs
residential areas that sprang up close
to or surrounding cities as a result of
improvements in transportation
settlement house
institution located in a poor
neighborhood that provided
numerous community services such
as medical care, child care, libraries,
and classes in English
Hull House
settlement house founded by Jane
Addams in Chicago in 1889
skyscraper
a very tall building
major
greater in size, extent, or importance
minor
lesser in size, extent, or importance
land-grant college
originally, an agricultural college
established as a result of the 1862
Morrill Act that gave states large
amounts of federal land that could be
sold to raise money for education
realism
an approach to literature and the arts
that shows things as they really are
regionalism
art or literature focused on a
particular region of the country
yellow journalism
writing which exaggerates
sensational, dramatic, and gruesome
events to attract readers, named for
stories that were popular during the
late 1800s; a type of sensational,
biased, and often false reporting
spectator sport
sporting event that draws a crowd
vaudeville
stage entertainment made up of
various acts, such as dancing,
singing, comedy, and magic shows
jazz
American music developed from
ragtime and blues with African
rhythms
ragtime
a type of music with a strong rhythm
and a lively melody with accented
notes, which was popular in early
1900s
philosophy
a set of ideas and beliefs
isolate
cut off or separate
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