Phonics in the Foundation
Stage
What does Phonics in simple terms mean
Skills of joining (blending) and
separating (segmenting ) sounds in
words
+
The knowledge of the alphabetic
code
 What does phonological
awareness mean
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yS46jqYfZDg&feature=related
Phonological
Awareness is awareness of
Sounds around us
Rhymes , alliteration
Phonemes
Syllable awareness
Blending and segmenting phonemes
in words
 Manipulation of sounds in words
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What is ‘Letters and Sounds’
document
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Developed to build children's speaking and listening skills and
to prepare children for learning to read by developing their
phonic knowledge and skills. It sets out a detailed and
systematic programme for teaching phonic skills starting from
Nursery with the aim of them becoming fluent readers by age
seven( year 2).
Letters and sounds is a Six Phase program starting from
foundation stage to end of key stage one to develop
children's Phonological awareness and direct correspondence
between letters and the sounds they make .
Pack consists of materials designed to assist practitioners and
teachers in promoting speaking and listening skills, so that, by
the end of Key Stage 1, children have developed fluent word
reading skills and have a good foundation in spelling
Phase 1 – Beginning of Phase 2 ( Nursery)
Phase 2,3,4 (Reception)
Phase 4-5 (Year 1)
Phase 6- (Year 2)
Phase 1 aims
 To hear and recognise , differentiate and
sounds in the environment, sounds made by
body, mouth and musical instruments
 To show awareness of rhyme and alliteration.
 Exploring sounds in words
 Orally blend and segment words
 Phonemes
Phonics: Key concepts and
skills
Concept 1 :What is a syllable?
 A syllable is the sound of a vowel (a,
e, i, o, u) that's created when
pronouncing a word.
 Vowels break the sound in words .
Exercise
 Count how many syllables in these words
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Cake
1 syllable
Eat –
1 syllable
Cheese –
1 syllable
Eating –
2 syllables (eat - ing)
chicken –
2 syllables (chick - en)
Fatimah
3 syllables (fa-ti-mah
Concept 2 What is a phoneme?
 The smallest unit of sound in a word is
called a phoneme
 There are 26 alphabets and 44
phonemes in English language !!
Activity : How many phonemes
sounds) in this word?
 Pen
/p//e//n/
Dog
/d/ /o/ /g/
 Hip
 /h/ /i/ /p/
 Ship
 /sh/ /i/ /p/
 Concept 3 :What is a Grapheme ?
 The letters that represent phonemes are
called graphemes. Egg d-/d/ ,n-/n/
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A. Graphemes can be made up from
1 letter e.g. p,
2 letters e.g. sh- diagraph
3 letters e.g. tch - trigraph.
Underline how many Graphemes,
Digraphs and Trigraphs in these words
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Print
Duck
Thumb
Thing
shack
Did you get that right?
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Print- p-r-i-n-t
5
Duck d-u-ck
3
Cow c-ow
2
Thumb th-u-m-b 4
Chang ch-a-ng
3
Shack sh-a-ck
3
 Phoneme is what you hear
 Grapheme is what you see
Key skills
Key skill 1 –
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Oral blending
This involves hearing phonemes and being able to merge them together to make a
word. Children need to develop this skill before they will be able to blend written words
Blending
This involves looking at a written word, looking at each grapheme and using knowledge
of GPCs to work out which phoneme each grapheme represents and then merging
these phonemes together to make a word. This is the basis of reading.
Key skill 2 –
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Oral Segmenting
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This is the act hearing a whole word and then splitting it up into the phonemes that
make it. Children need to develop this skill before they will be able to segment words
to spell them.
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Segmenting
This involves hearing a word, splitting it up into the phonemes that make it, using
knowledge of GPCs to work out which graphemes represent those phonemes and then
writing those graphemes down in the right order. This is the basis of spelling
The alphabet and alphabetic
code
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5
FbdAENiRyI
.
Articulation of sounds
 www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOW3p
B2KwGA
The 44 phonemes
/b/
/d/
/f/
/g/
/h/
/j/
/ck/
/l/
/m/
/n/
/ng/
/p/
/r/
/s/
/t/
/v/
/w/
/y/
/z/
/th/
/th/
/ch/
/ee
/
/ie/
/oe
/
/sh/ /zh/ /a/ /e/ /i/
/ue /oo /ar
/
/
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/ur
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/o/ /u/ /ae
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/au /er
/
/
/o
w/
/oi
/
/air /ear /ure
/
/
/
The alphabetic code
The complexities of the English
Alphabetic Code include
 - One sound can be represented by in different ways
using1,2,3 or 4 letters e.g. sound /o/- or,
saw,watch,salt,law
 - One spelling can represent multiple sounds: e.g.
crowd, low, arrow, own, sow, know, acknowledge
Exercise
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Read the words below and discuss how many sounds do these letters
‘cc’ represent.
Soccer
Cappuccino
flaccid
Occur
Soccer , Occur -/ck/
Cappuccino
/ch/
Flaccid
/s/
Count how many phonemes in these each of these
words using the alphabetic code?
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Bleed
Flop
Cow
Jumper
Night
boat
Did you get it right
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Bleed = b-l-ee-d =4
Flop = f-l-o-p
=4
Cow = c-ow
=2
Jumper =j-u-m-p-er =5
Night =n-igh-t =3
Boat =b-oa-t =3
Activity
 Count how many phonemes in each
of these words.
 shelf
 dress
 sprint
 string
Did you get it right?
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shelf =
dress =
sprint =
string =
sh – e – l – f
d - r - e – ss
s–p–r–i–n–t
s – t – r – i – ng
=4
=4
=6
=5
Jolly phonics actions video
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D
KSfpBLvYj4&feature=related
 Jolly phonics songs
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dj
z82FBYiug&feature=related
Teaching of Initial Sounds
 At Carpet (not more than 8-10 mins)
Teaching of initial sounds
 1 flash cards
 Talking partners
 2 multisensory approach
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NSSxXuYi9
1g
 Activity
 Can you think of a fun way to introduce an
initial sound. Groups of 5
Blending and segmenting
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7
pei0o-_cFc&feature=related
Phonics teaching with visual aids
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H
0Ip6_VKVJ8&feature=related
Plan of action
 Develop a phonic rich environment.
 Discreet session of phonics teaching
everyday.
 Phase 1 through out the year + Introduce
1-2 letters a week
 Repetition at every opportunity ,building in
routines e.g. register, fruit and snack ,
general conversation.
 Literacy in areas of curriculum.