Dr. Kumar Gautam Anand
Derivatives of words
 New words are formed when a letter or group of letters
are added to a primary word either in the beginning or
at the end.
 The letter/group of letters added to the beginning of a
word is called prefix and that added to the end is
called suffix
 Inflection- change in form to show its grammatical
function, number
Prefix
 Anti-
anti-social, anti-septic
 Be- behead, beloved, befriend
 Co- cooperation, co-exist,co-author
 De- decode, deforest, dehydrate
 Dis- disorder, dislike
 Em- empower, embolden
 En- endanger, enlist, enjoy
 Extra- extra-curricular, extraordinary
 Fore- forecast, foretell, foresee
 Hyper- hypersensitive, hypertension
 Inter- inter-college, inter-university
 Ill/il- illegible, illegal, ill-bread
 Im- impossible, immature,
 In- indiscipline, inefficient
 Ir- irregular, irreversible, irrational
 Mini- mini-bus
 non- non-violence, non-stop
Out- outlet, outlive, outshine
Pre- premarital, preoccupied, pre-planned
Pro- pro-establishment, pro-active
Re- recall, remix, reload
Semi-semifinal, semi-circular
Super- superman, superpower
Ultra- ultra-modern, ultra-violet
Un- unnatural, undress
Under- underworld, underestimate
Vice- vice-president, vice-chancellor
Suffix
 -Able
 -age
 -al
 -ance
 -ed
 -ee
 -ence
 -er
eatable, tolerable, memorable
bondage, pilgrimage, personage
mechanical, refusal, cultural
governance, arrogance
aimed, drained
addressee, payee
reverence, negligence, excellence
remover, joker, cricketer
-eer
-en
-ess
-ful
-hood
-ible
-ic
-ify
- ing
-ion
engineer, volunteer, auctioneer
shorten, lengthen, harden
tigress, happiness, poetess
joyful, handful
neighborhood, boyhood
negligible, sensible
poetic, scenic, heroic
rectify, beautify, qualify
leveling, modeling
action, situation, solution
-ish
-ism
-ist
-ity
-ive
-ize
-less
-like
-ly
-ment
boyish, modish, feverish
idealism,
socialist, leftist, moralist
superiority, totality, vitality
creative, preservative
minimize, dehumanize
luckless, faithless, homeless
godlike, businesslike, childlike
safely, quickly, dearly
allotment, appointment
-ment allotment, appointment
-ness
kindness, goodness, fitness
-or
protector, inspector
-ous
glorious, virtuous,
-ry
machinery, jewelery
-ship
hardship, friendship
-th
growth, warmth
-wise
clockwise, otherwise, name-wise
-worthy
praiseworthy, roadworthy, trustworthy
Formation of Adjective, Nouns and
Verbs
-y
-ly
-ish
-like
-some
-worthy
-able/ible
Air-airy, hair-hairy, fire-fiery, mud-muddy
Week-weekly, elder-elderly, hour-hourly,
month-monthly
Boy-boyish, child-childish, snob-snobbish
War-warlike, lady- ladylike
Handsome, tiresome, wholesome
Trustworthy, airworthy,noteworthy
Advise-advisable, sense-sensible
-ous
-al
-ary/ar
-en
Space-spacious, vigor-vigorous,
office-officious
Ancestor-ancestral, colonycolonial, finance-financial
Table-tabular, muscle-muscular,
staion-stationary
Length-lengthen, short-shorten,
hero-heroic
Formation of Nouns
-hood
-ship
--dom
-ness
-t/th
-er/ar/or
-ist/ian
Childhood,
Relation-relationship, friend-friendship
Wise-wisdom, king-kingdom
Good-goodness, holy-holyness
Wide-width, broad-breadth
Govern-governor, donate-donor
Politician, cycle-cyclist
-eer/ee
Refuge-refugee, racket-racketeer
-ment
Amusement,resentment
-tion/sion
Solution, permission
-ance/ence
Enter-entrance, excel- excellence,
-ial/al
Bury-burial, try-trial, form-formal
-age
Store-storage, pass-passage
-ity/ty
Poor-poverty, pure-purity
-acy/cy
Accuracy, vacancy
Miscellaneous Advise(v)-advice(n), bear-birth, believebelief
Strive-strife
Know-knowledge
Verbs
-en
Hard-harden, soft-soften, strength-strengthen
-fy/ify
Pure-purify, terror-terrify, intense-intensify
-ise
Sympathize, equal-equalize, apology-apologise
-ate
origin-originate, table-tabulate, motive-motivate
-en/im/em
Circle-encircle, bitter-embitter, peril-imperil
-De/dis
Face-deface, fame-defame
Compound words
 Class+ room- classroom
 Air+ lines- airlines
 Camera + man- cameraman
 Washer + man- washerman