Bone compsosition
Bone anatomy
fracture
• it’s the break in
the continuity of
the bone .
it could be:
• 1-simple(closed)
• 2-compound
(open) .
Causes of fractures
• 1- sudden truma
• 2-stress’’fatigue fracture’’.
• 3-pathological fracture.
Types of fracture
•
•
•
•
Complete fractures
In-complete fractures
Physeal fractures
Fracture displacement
Complete fractures:
•
•
•
•
Transverse fracture
Oblique or spiral
Impacted
comminuted
Transverse fracture
Oblique fracture
Impacted fracture
spiral
Incomplete fractures
• The bone is
incompletely
divided and the
periosteum
remains in
continuity.
• Exm:greenstick
fracture.
• Stress fracture
• Compression.
Fracture displacement
•
•
•
•
•
We describe it in terms of:
Translation ‘’shift’’
Length
Alignment ’’angulation’’
Rotation ‘’ twist’’
Soft tissue damage
• It could be either:
• Low energey fractures like closed
spiral fractures,and it coz moderate
soft tissue damage.
• High energy fractures:like
comminuted fracturs and it coz
severe tissue damage,no matter
whether it open or close.
Fracture healing
• Healing by callus
• Healing Without callus
Time factor
• The rate of the bone depends
on:
• 1-type of the bone.
• 2-type of fracture.
• 3- blood supply
• 4-general constitution.
• 5- pt age.
Average
time for
healing
Callus
visible
union
Upper limb
Lower limb
2-3 weeks
2-3 weeks
4-6 weeks
8-12 weeks
consolidatio 6-8 weeks
n
12-16
weeks
Fractures that fail to
unite(non union)
• Distraction and separation of the
fragments.
• Interposition of soft tissues between the
fragments.
• Excessive movement at the fracture site
• Poor local blood supply.
• Severe damage to soft tissues which
makes them non viable.
• Infx
• Abnormal bone.