Annual Meeting
CAA Aviation House
Gatwick
4 July 2012
Standards Officer
Aerodrome Standards
Civil Aviation Authority
Aviation House 2W, Gatwick Airport South,
West Sussex, RH6 0YR, UK
Office +44 (0) 1293 573256
Mobile +44 (0) 7908 627481
simon.webb@caa.co.uk
www.caa.co.uk
An overview and future work
With an evolution of existing provisions in mind and taking account of
the tasks involved and applicable risk, develop new performance-based
provisions for the response to an emergency at or in the vicinity of an
aerodrome or heliport, with regard to:
 the type and frequency of operations, including rotorcraft and general
aviation;
 the size, construction and use of the aircraft;
 typical emergency response scenarios, including details addressing
accidents occurring at specific locations such as on or near the
extended runway centreline;
 the availability and suitability of emergency response resources when
needed; and
the development of risk and task analysis criteria and methodologies
On the basis of the above, develop generic procedures and/or guidance
on the development of procedures for the emergency response at or in
the vicinity of an aerodrome or heliport for incorporation in PANSAerodromes
IR - ADR-OPS.B010 - Rescue and Fire-fighting Services
(a) The aerodrome operator shall ensure that:
(1) aerodrome rescue and fire-fighting equipment and services are
provided;
(2) adequate equipment, fire extinguishing agents and sufficient
personnel are available in a timely manner;
(3) rescue and fire-fighting personnel are properly trained, equipped and
qualified to operate in the aerodrome environment;
(4) rescue and fire-fighting personnel potentially required to act in
aviation emergencies demonstrate their medical fitness to execute
their functions satisfactorily, taking into account the type of activity.
(b) The aerodrome operator shall implement and maintain training and
check programmes to ensure the continuing competence of rescue and firefighting personnel.
AMC6-ADR-OPS.B.010 — Personnel
(a) The aerodrome operator should ensure that:
(1) During flight operations, sufficient trained personnel is detailed and readily available
to ride the rescue and fire-fighting vehicles and to operate the equipment at maximum
capacity;
(2) Personnel is deployed in a way that ensures the minimum response times can be
achieved and continuous agent application at the appropriate rate can be fully
maintained considering also the use of hand lines, ladders and other rescue and firefighting equipment normally associated with aircraft rescue and fire-fighting
operations;
(3) All responding rescue and fire-fighting personnel are provided with protective clothing
and respiratory equipment to enable them to perform their duties in an effective
manner.
GM3-ADR-OPS.B.010 — Number of RFFS personnel
In determining the number of personnel required to provide for rescue, consideration is
necessary to be given to the types of aircraft using the aerodrome. Staffing levels are
promulgated, or reference to, the Aerodrome Manual.
ICAO
“.....save lives...”
“.....create and maintain survivable
conditions...”
“.....initiate the rescue of those
occupants unable to make their
escape without direct aid.”
Initiate
To set going by taking the first step.
“..create and maintain
survivable conditions..”
‘Control
of the
fire’
Initiate the rescue
Rescue or identify
System of work
“..create and maintain
survivable conditions..”
Initiate the rescue
“..rescue of those occupants
unable to make their escape
without direct aid..”
Rescue or identify
System of work
“..create and maintain
survivable conditions..”
Initiate the rescue
“..rescue of those occupants
unable to make their escape
without direct aid..”
Rescue or identify
System of work
“..rescue of those occupants
unable to make their escape
without direct aid..”
“..create and maintain
survivable conditions..”
The
Unacceptable
Gap
Initiate the rescue
Rescue or identify
System of work
Sheriff Desmond J Leslie, following an Inquiry into the
death of Allison Hume1
“I
do not endorse a practice where management policy should prevail
over a comprehensive risk assessment particularly so when life is in
imminent danger.”
Coroner’s Inquests into the London bombings of
7 July 20052
“Risk assessments and decisions may have to be revisited as protocols
are overtaken by events. “
1 - http://www.scotcourts.gov.uk/opinions/2011FAI51.html
2 - http://7julyinquests.independent.gov.uk/docs/orders/rule43-report.pdf
Activity
Time
Equipment
Personnel
Procedures
Activity
Time
Equipment
Personnel
Procedures
Activity
Time
Fire and Rescue Services Act 2004
(E&W)
Fire (Scotland) Act 2005
The Fire and Rescue Services
(Northern Ireland) Order 2006
Fire and Rescue Services
(Emergencies) (England) Order 2007
Rescue and protection in case of certain emergencies
A fire and rescue authority must make provision in its area for the
purpose of rescuing people who may be trapped and protecting them
from serious harm, to the extent that it considers it reasonable to do so,
in the event of—
(a) an emergency involving the collapse of a building or other structure;
or
(b) an emergency which—
(i) involves a train, tram, or aircraft
The Fire (Additional Function)
(Scotland) Order 2005
Serious transport incidents
A specified authority shall make provision for the purpose of rescuing
people trapped by wreckage and debris and protecting them from
serious harm in the event of a serious transport incident in its area.
The Fire and Rescue Services
(Emergencies) Order (Northern
Ireland) 2011
Serious transport incident
The Board shall make provision for the purpose of rescuing people and
protecting them from serious harm in the event of a serious transport
incident.
Civil Contingencies Act 2004 (E&W)
The Civil Contingencies Act 2004
(Contingency Planning) (Scotland)
Regulations 2005
NI Civil Contingencies Framework
Duty to assess, plan and advise
Category 1 and 2 responders must:
 Assess the risk of an emergency occurring
 Maintain plans to:
 Prevent the emergency
 Reduce, control or mitigate
 Consider if they or others need to add to or modify plans
 Fire and Rescue Authorities have the duty to
plan and provide for fire and rescue – including
aircraft (transport) incidents
 They can enter into Mutual Aid agreements, or
 Have arrangements under Civil Contingencies
duties/guidance
 Any agreements/arrangements should be made
under local emergency planning arrangements
e.g.




Local Resilience Forums (E)
Strategic Co-ordinating Groups (S)
Civil Contingencies Group (NI)
Wales Resilience Forum (W)
Phase 1
Aims and objectives for the RFF services and the required tasks
Phase 2
Identify representative realistic, feasible accidents
Phase 3
Type of aircraft
Phase 4
location for the accident
Phase 5
Combine accident with the aircraft
Phase 6
Facilitated Task and Resource Analysis
Is a good basis for a model.
But how can we represent its elements?
Category of RFFS – relates to size of aircraft,
number of passengers and fuel load
 The number of fire fighters to deal with the
Critical Area – Stage 1
 The number of staff for “the Gap” – Stage 2
 The time for Stage 3 to be put into action




Task and Resource Analysis for worst case scenario
Determine Response Index
Develop contingency arrangements
Develop SOP’s to match responses
 On runway
 Off runway
 1,000m
 Match to Emergency Plan
 Discuss with Local resilience Forum or fire and rescue
service to ensure compatibility and agreement under Civil
Contingencies Act
Example of Worst Case Credible Scenario









Aircraft of highest RFFS Category
Full passenger load
5% Dangerous cargo
Engine fire on take-off
Aborts take-off – runs off end of runway into RESA
Collapse of undercarriage
Fire impinging on fuselage
Evacuation takes place on unaffected side of aircraft
Some passengers unable to self evacuate
 Aim – To review current requirements and guidance and
recommend amendments
 Scenarios – locations - resources
 Develop risk & task criteria & methodologies
 Circle model and Stages
 Unacceptable Gap
 Initiate response
system of work
 Duties – fire and rescue authorities and civil protection
 Index aligned to model
 Use of index to identify gaps/weaknesses
 Relate to TRA process
 Worst case credible scenarios
 Contingency arrangements
Timeline
April - June
~ Engage
Stakeholders
~ Draft
Discussion
Paper
July 16-20
ICAO RFF
Working Group
August - December
Finalise Model
ICAO
AMC
Tests carried out at CNPP, Vernon, France
21 – 25 May 2012
C
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2:00
2:12
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4L
380 L
• CNPP test results within 2 weeks
• Debrief – 13 July – agree conclusions
• DP and presentation at ICAO RFFWG July
• Best practice – CAFS and Fluorine Free
• Incorporate findings into future rules
Simon Webb
Standards Officer
Aerodrome Standards
Civil Aviation Authority
Aviation House 2W, Gatwick Airport South,
West Sussex, RH6 0YR, UK
Office +44 (0) 1293 573256
Mobile +44 (0) 7908 627481
simon.webb@caa.co.uk
www.caa.co.uk