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COURSE OVERVIEW
Class 1
Introduction
Lecturer 1: Le Xuan Tho, MA. Paris 12 University
Lecturer 2: Dang Quoc Long, MA. Sorbonne Paris University
FIS-HANU, Hanoi, 2013
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I.
II.
About the lecturers
Course overview
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Course objectives
Teaching methodology
Course contents
Course Requirements and Grading
Reading materials
III. Assignment
IV. Group forming for presentation
V. Key concepts and introduction to the subject PA
VI. Discussion, Q& A
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Lecturers
• MA. Le Xuan Tho- Classes 1,3,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,
14,15
• MA. Dang Quoc Long (classes 2,4,8,11 TBC)
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I. About the lecturer 1
• Mr. Le Xuan Tho
– BA in Sociology- VNU, MA. in Economics and International
Project Management,
– Short courses on public administration, PM, HR, etc
– 10 years experience in development sector:
+ nearly 4 years working for Ministry of Labor, Invalids, and Social
Affairs,
+ 6 yrs worked for/with donors, INGOs: UNIFEM, UNDP, UNICEF,
CARE, IFRC, etc
– Interests: social policies, social work, poverty reduction,
HIV/AIDS, anti- human trafficking, anti- corruption, etc
– PhD student in Germany (short outlook).
- Subjects delivered with FIS since 2009: Sociology, Development
Studies, Minor Research, Cross- Culture, development policies
- Now: Public Administration
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Contacts
• Email: le.xuantho.fis@gmail.com
• Mobile: 094 522 8072
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V. Key concepts
• Public/ private (collective or individual ownership and social
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or profit motive)
Public goods and service
Public offices/ agencies/
Public and private sector, non- profit sector
Management/ governance/ administration (sector?,
stakeholders, aim?)
Public administration and business administration
Rights/ needs
Citizen/ clients/customers/ user (rights and duties/ needs,
satisfaction and willingness to pay)
Servants/ officials
Social contract and market contract
Right- based approach/ needs- based approach
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Cont.
• Public- private partnership
• Market failure
• Planning or market economy
• Role of the government/ the state
• Functions of administration (planning, organizing, staffing,
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deciding, budgeting?)
Public policy
Ethics and public servants
Human rights
Civil society
Cabinet/ government
Local authority
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Definitions of public administration
• "public administration has no generally accepted definition", because
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the "scope of the subject is so great and so debatable that it is easier to
explain than define".[10]
“PA has to keep the state going and exercise its public authority” (K.
Walter, R. Stillman, 1996)
both an academic discipline and a field of practice
Public administration houses the implementation of government
policy and an academic discipline that studies this implementation and
that prepares civil servants for this work.[1]
As a "field of inquiry with a diverse scope" its "fundamental goal... is to
advance management and policies so that government can function."[2]
"the management of public programs";[3] the "translation of politics into
the reality that citizens see every day";[4]
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PA definitions
• "the study of government decision making, the analysis of the policies
themselves, the various inputs that have produced them, and the inputs
necessary to produce alternative policies."[5]
• "centrally concerned with the organization of government policies and
programmes as well as the behavior of officials (usually non-elected)
formally responsible for their conduct"[6]
• Many unelected public servants can be considered to be public
administrators: heads of city, county, regional, state and federal
departments such as municipal budget directors, human resources
(H.R.) administrators, city managers,…[4] Public administrators are
public servants working in public departments and agencies, at all
levels of government.[4]
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The North American Industry Classification System , 1991
• "... comprises establishments primarily engaged in
activities of a governmental nature, that is, the enactment
and judicial interpretation of laws and their pursuant
regulations, and the administration of programs based on
them".
• This includes "Legislative activities, taxation, national
defense, public order and safety, immigration services,
foreign affairs and international assistance, and the
administration of government programs are activities that
are purely governmental in nature".[12]
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the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES),
USA
• PA: "A program that prepares individuals to serve as
managers in the executive arm of local, state, and federal
government and that focuses on the systematic study of
executive organization and management. Includes
instruction in the roles, development, and principles of
public administration; the management of public policy;
executive-legislative relations; public budgetary processes
and financial management; administrative law; public
personnel management; professional ethics; and research
methods."[13]
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References
• 1. ^ Random House Unabridged Dictionary
• 2. Handbook of Public Administration. Eds Jack Rabin, W. Bartley
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Hildreth, and Gerard J. Miller. 1989: Marcel Dekker, NY. p. iii
3. Robert and Janet Denhardt. Public Administration: An Action
Orientation. 6th Ed. 2009: Thomson Wadsworth, Belmont CA.
4. Kettl, Donald and James Fessler. 2009. The Politics of the
Administrative Process. Washington D.C.: CQ Press.
5. Jerome B. McKinney and Lawrence C. Howard. Public
Administration: Balancing Power and Accountability. 2nd Ed. 1998:
Praeger Publishing, Westport, CT. p. 62
6. UN Economic and Social Council. Committee of Experts on Public
Administration. Definition of basic concepts and terminologies in
governance and public administration. 2006
12. ^ Definition Public Administration (NAICS 91). Available online at:
http://www.ic.gc.ca/cis-sic/cis-sic.nsf/IDE/cis-sic91defe.html Accessed
October 25, 2010
13.http://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/cipcode/cipdetail.aspx?y=55&cipid=88560
accessed 09.03.2011
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Social contract theory,
• persons’ moral and/or political obligations are dependent
upon a contract or agreement among them to form the
society in which they live.
• Socrates uses something quite like a social contract
argument to explain to Crito why he must remain in prison
and accept the death penalty.
• is rightly associated with modern moral and political
theory and is given its first full exposition and defense by
Thomas Hobbes, then John Locke, Jean-Jacques
Rousseau are the best known proponents of this
enormously influential theory, which has been one of the
most dominant theories within moral and political theory
throughout the history of the modern West.
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Social contract
• In the twentieth century, moral and political theory
regained philosophical momentum as a result of John
Rawls’ Kantian, David Gauthier and others.
• Recently, new criticisms of social contract theory by
feminists and race-conscious philosophers: at least an
incomplete picture of our moral and political lives, and
may in fact camouflage/ hide some of the ways in which
the contract is itself parasitical upon the subjugations of
classes of persons.
• Source: http://www.iep.utm.edu/soc-cont/
Public goods…
“These are a very special class of goods which cannot
practically be withheld from one individual consumer
without withholding them from all (the “nonexcludability criterion”) and for which the marginal
cost of an additional person consuming them, once
they have been produced, is zero (the “non-rivalrous
consumption” criterion).
The classic example: a nearly pure public good is
national defense: you cannot defend the vulnerable
border regions of a country from the ravages of
foreign invaders without also simultaneously
defending everyone else who lives within the borders.
“ Paul Jonhson
Public institutions
--“The part of an economy in which goods and services are
produced and/or (re) distributed by government
agencies.”
Example : municipalities, public services…
-- Is to be opposed to the private sector,
Example : enterprises, banks…
-- There is also a third sector regrouping NGO’s, non
profitable organizations…
Example : Oxfam, SC, WV, Plan, CARE, Greenpeace,
religious organizations, …
Definition…
Public
institutions
Private
sector
Third sector
NGO’s
Financing
budget
Private
money
Mixed,
subsidies
Control
State,
Capital
political
authorities
Public good, Profit max.
redistrib.
Objectives
Citizens…
donors
Public good
Examples of public institution’s crisis
• Education : the quality of the teaching is questionable…in
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some cases corruption
Health : corruption, or additional payments are requested.
Quality, transparency, expertise is asked by clients
Security : is the State protecting citizens?…
Justice : every citizen should be equal in front of the Law?
(Rule of Law)
etc…
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• There is virtually no aspect of our work that does not
have a human rights dimension.
Whether we are talking about peace and security,
development, humanitarian action, the struggle
against terrorism, climate change, none of these
challenges can be addressed in isolation from human
rights.
• Ban Ki-moon, Secretary-General of the United Nations
WB Governance indicators
• Voice and Accountability
• Political Stability and Absence of Violence
• Government Effectiveness
• Regulatory Quality
• Rule of Law
• Control of Corruption
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Example: Public Administration International (PAI)
to provide advice and support to public sector organisations
and other bodies involved in the delivery of public services,
and to facilitate the exchange of ideas and experiences.
We specialise in management consultancy and
development services for organisations in and associated
with the public sector worldwide. We offer expert advice to
governments that are undergoing political, constitutional,
economic and structural change.
The promotion of good governance and best practice in
delivering public services are our key objectives. We are
committed to high standards of ethical conduct.
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PAI study programmes
for policy makers and senior managers in civil service and local
government, to academics, politicians and civil society organisations
… update their knowledge of public service structures and systems.
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Access to civil justice: Efficiency, affordability and fairness
Better regulation: Economic regulation of utilities
Changing the law: Successful reform
Competition policy: How to level playing field
Consultancy for the public sector: A foundation in essential consultancy skills
Crisis communication in government
Doing business: Promoting private sector development and economic growth
Film, governance and society: Funding, classification and promotion
Government: image and communication. The UK experience
Heritage and tourism: Policy and practice for maximising benefits
Internal audit and risk management: Achieving organisational objectives
Managing elections: Techniques and perspectives
Managing the performance of public sector organisations
Pay and grading: Strategies for change
Pension schemes: planning for the future. The UK experience
Protecting society: Challenges in delivering effective prison services and alternatives to custody
Public law in changing times: How do government lawyers respond?
Public-private partnerships: The UK experience of roads and transport
Public service commissions: Professionalism, performance - excellence
Putting people first: The key to improving public services
Successfull cities: Promoting economic growth and sustainable development
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Public and private sector difference
• Organization level:
• Managerial level:
• Employee level:
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Public and private sector difference
• Organization level: + pub: large number of formal
processes to ensure that it functions.
• + Red tape: “rules, regulations and procedures that
remain in force and entail a compliance burden for the
organisation but have no efficacy for the rules’ functional
object” (Bozeman, 1993)
• + Kurland and Egan (1999), public org have higher levels
of red tape, because authority is divided among three
main branches: executive, legislative and judicial
• +degree of formalisation of the public sector far exceeds
that of the private sector. (Baldwin, 1990; … Feeney &
Bozeman, 2009).
+ Boyne (2002): public orgs …more ambiguous objectives.
Lan and Rainey (1992):s more difficult to calculate to what
extent public objective are met.
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Public and private sector difference
• Managerial level:
+ decision making process: conflict in a strategic decision
has a positive component or negative sign
+ different stakeholders interests or not
+ decisions related to budgets: value consultative practices
or use analytical practices.
• Employee level: place higher a value on carrying out
tasks that are of use to society / economic rewards (de
Graaf & van der Wal, 2008).
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the public sector ethos
a) a performance culture a strong commitment to serve for
individuals and the community;
b) a commitment to accountability: a great emphasis on
open access to information;
c) a capacity to support universal access: recognition of the
special responsibility to support the rights of all service
users in an environment;
d) responsible employment practices; and finally, e) a
contribution to community well-being.
• Aldridge and Stoker (2002)
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new public management
• In the approach preferred by new public management, the
public sector appears to be adopting practices that are
often attributed to the private sector in order to achieve
greater efficiency
• Below diagrams come from UN PA network’s e-course
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Q &A
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• Thanks for your attention!