The White Paper - Caring for our future: reforming
care and support
Draft Care and Support Bill
Progress report on funding reform
The reform timeframe
Law
Commission
Report
__________
May 2011
Caring for our
future engagement
_________
Sept - Dec
2011
Social
Care
Vision
_______
Nov 2010
Dilnot
Commission
Report
___________
July 2011
• Care and
Support White
Paper
• Progress
report on
funding
• Draft Care
and Support
Bill
__________
July 2012
Engagement
and prelegislative
scrutiny on
draft Bill
Engagement
on funding
reform
Legislation
Spending
Review
Care and support affects everyone
• Many people need some extra care and support during their adult years to lead an active and
independent life. Three-quarters of people aged 65 will need care and support in their later
years…
Who needs care?
At age 65, what are your chances of needing different types of care within your lifetime?
19 per cent of men
and 34 per cent of
women will need
residential care
48 per cent of men
and 51 per cent of
women will need
domiciliary care
only
33 per cent of men
and 15 per cent of
women will never
need formal care
Source: Personal Social Services Research Unit
• And even if we don’t need care ourselves, we will all know someone – a family member or
friend – who needs care and support. 5 million people in England currently care for a friend or
relative.
3
Caring for our future – getting reform right
During the Caring for our future engagement in autumn 2011, we listened to the views of
people who use or who work in care and support across England.
Co-led by the Government and the care and support sector, the engagement brought together
the recommendations from the Law Commission and the Commission on Funding of Care and
Support, alongside other key areas for change.
Over the period of
the engagement:
Over 14,400 people
visited our website
Over 300
engagement
events took
place
More than 640
separate responses
were submitted
What people told us
During the Caring for our future engagement, people told us that care and support had the potential to
transform people’s lives – but that there were many problems that need to be addressed.
They said:
•
Too often the system only reacts to a crisis
•
Society is not making the most of the skills and talents in communities
•
People do not have access to good information and advice
•
Access to care varies across the country and is confusing
•
Carers have no clear entitlements to support
•
Not all care is good. The quality of care is variable and inconsistent
•
People often feel ‘bounced around’ and have to fight the system to have the joined-up care and
support they need
•
Our growing and ageing population is only going to increase the pressures on the current system.
The Care and Support White Paper – our vision
We will change care and support in two fundamental ways:
1. The focus of care and support will be to promote people’s independence,
connections and wellbeing by enabling them to prevent and postpone the need for
care and support.
2. We will transform people’s experience of care and support, putting them in control
and ensuring that services respond to what they want.
Shifting the focus – from crisis to wellbeing
The current system does not offer
enough support until people reach
a crisis point
Living well
Low-level needs
Crisis
Need for intensive care and
support
The new system will promote wellbeing and
independence at all stages to reduce risk of people
reaching a crisis point, and so improve their lives
Living well
People will be given better
information and advice to plan
ahead to prevent care needs,
and will be better connected to
those around them.
Low-level needs
More support within
communities, better housing
options and improved support
for carers will help people
maintain their independence
and avoid a crisis.
Crisis
Need for
intensive
care and
support
Re-ablement services and crisis
response will help people regain
their independence at home
after a crisis.
Choice, control and quality
In the current system…
People do not
have access to
good, clear
information
about other
options
?
In the new, person-centred system...
People can choose
between a range of
high quality options,
or create their own
People do not have
enough choice about
services
Not enough people
have control of their
care and support plan
or budget
People have
clear
information
to make
good choices
about care
People
develop their
own care and
support plan
i
People’s
views are
heard and
help improve
services
People are in
control of
their own
budget
1. “I am supported to maintain my
independence for as long as possible”
To help people stay active, independent and connected in their communities we will:
• Stimulate the development of schemes that help people share their time, talents and
skills with others in their community.
• Develop, in a number of trailblazer areas, new ways of investing in services that help
people to stay independent for longer, such as Social Impact Bonds
• Establish a new care and support housing fund, worth £200 million over 5 years to
support the development of specialised housing for older and disabled people
• Involve communities in decisions around health and care services, through local
Healthwatch and health and wellbeing boards.
•
Support national care provider organisations to develop ‘open care homes’ that build
links with their local community
2. “I understand how care and support
works, and what my entitlements and
responsibilities are”
To help people understand and be confident about their options, we will :
• Establish a new national information website across health, care and support
• Support local authorities to develop better online information and advice services
• Introduce a national minimum eligibility threshold for care and support
• Make it easier for people to move across the country, by ensuring that no-one’s care
and support is interrupted
• Extend the right to an assessment to all carers, and introduce a clear entitlement to
support to meet their eligible needs.
3. “I am happy with the quality of my care
and support”
To ensure that people are confident that their care and support will be of a high standard,
we will :
• Give people access to clear and comparative information about the quality of care
providers and the options they offer
• Legislate to ensure that local authorities, the NHS and the police work together at a
local level to prevent abuse
• Rule out crude ‘contracting by the minute’ that can undermine dignity and choice for
those who use care and support
• Consult on further steps to ensure service continuity for people using care and support
should a provider goes out of business
4. “I know that the person giving me care
and support will treat me with dignity and
respect”
To ensure that people are confident that the care workforce will be sensitive and
compassionate to their needs, we will :
• Place dignity and respect at the heart of new recommended minimum training
standards and a code of conduct for those working in care.
• Offer personal assistants (PAs), and their employers, greater support and training to
improve recruitment, retention and the quality of the care and support they deliver.
• Train more care workers to deliver high quality care, including an ambition to double
the number of care apprenticeships to 100,000 by 2017.
• Appoint a Chief Social Worker by the end of 2012 to provide a leadership role for the
social work profession.
5. “I am in control of my care and support”
To ensure that care and support focuses on meeting people’s individual needs and
helping them to achieve their aspirations we will:
• Legislate to give people an entitlement to a personal budget as part of their care and
support plan, and strengthen our ambitions on direct payments
• Increase the availability of independent advice and support to help people with eligible
needs to plan and make choices about their care and support
• Develop, in a small number of areas, the introduction of direct payments for people
who have chosen to live in residential care, in order to test the costs and benefits
• Invest a further £100 million in 2013/14 and £200 million in 2014/15 through joint
funding between the NHS and social care to support better integrated health and care
services
Who the White Paper is for
People need care and support for many different reasons and at different times in their lives.
This White Paper is for all adults in England, of every age, gender, ethnicity, religion and
sexuality.
The reformed system needs take account of the views and needs of:
• People from all backgrounds, and with all types of care and support need
• Equalities groups
• Families, including carers
• Care workers, and other people working in care and support
The Progress Report on funding reform
• The Progress Report sets out that the Government agrees that the principles of the Dilnot
Commission recommendations – financial protection through capped costs and an extended
means-test – would be the right basis for any new funding model.
• Whilst our intention is to base a new funding model on the recommendations if a way to pay
for this can be found, we are not in a position to make a commitment now.
• A final view will be taken at the next Spending Review.
• We will engage with stakeholders on design issues in the interim. These include:
othe level of a cap;
othe level of the means test threshold;
oexploring voluntary, as well as universal, options.
15
The Progress Report on funding reform
The Government is committing to introducing many of the Commission’s other
recommendations:
• We have already allocated an additional £7.2 billion to adult care and support over this
Spending Review period.
• We are committing to introduce Universal Deferred Payments from April 2015 – a loan to
cover the costs of residential care. This will ensure no one will be forced to sell their home in
their lifetime to pay for care.
• We are introducing a national minimum eligibility threshold from April 2015.
• We will improve information and advice about the care and support system, and set up an
expert working group – involving local authorities and the financial services industry – to
support further developments.
16
Next Steps
White Paper
Implementation
• The next stage will continue to rely on collaboration and leadership at
all levels to deliver this ambitious programme of reform.
• We will launch a new Care and Support Transformation Group, which
will act as an important forum for challenge and peer support.
• We will also create a Care and Support Implementation Board, to
take ownership of the implementation plan and assurance on delivery
of specific milestones.
Progress report
on funding reform
• We will engage with stakeholders on the design issues for a capped
cost system. A final decision will be taken at the Spending Review.
• We will introduce universal deferred payments in 2015.
Draft Care and Support Bill
The draft Care and Support Bill:
Why reform is needed
The current law for adult social care:
• Is incoherent – the law has been added to piece by piece, without any attempt to reform or
consolidate. There are no common objectives.
• Is complex and difficult to navigate – there are around 30 related Acts of Parliament. It is
almost impossible for people who need care, carers and even those who manage the system to
understand.
• Is outdated – the base statute is still the 1948 National Assistance Act, written for a time when
the assumption was that institutional care was best.
• Is disempowering – most of the law focuses on disabilities rather than needs or outcomes, and
services over which the person has little control.
• Is inconsistent and unfair – the law is full of anomalies, where people are treated differently
without any clear reason.
19
The draft Care and Support Bill
This the most fundamental reform of social care law in over 60 years.
• We will create a single, modern legal framework for adult care and support.
• The new statute will be clearer, fairer, and built around the needs and goals of the people. The
well-being principle and focus on individuals’ needs and outcomes creates a defining purpose
for care and support.
• It will empower people to take control over their care and support and to understand their
entitlements.
• It will provide clarity on the role of local authorities and support best practice through new
regulations and guidance – reducing the time spent navigating the law.
• For the first time, the law will put carers on the same footing as the people they care for.
20
Key provisions
Clause No.
1
A new statutory principle which embeds individual well-being as the driving force underpinning the
provision of care and support.
2-7
Population-level duties on local authorities to provide information and advice, prevention services, and
shape the market for care and support services. These are supported by duties to promote cooperation
and integration to improve the way public authorities work together.
9-30
Following the individual journey through the care and support system, clarifying rights and entitlements.
Including putting eligibility framework in law (13), and new rights: to request local authority support (17),
for carers to have needs met (19), and to plans and personal budgets (23).
New provisions on portability, to ensure care needs are met when a person moves areas.
31-33
21
34-38
The first statutory framework for adult safeguarding, setting out the key responsibilities of local
authorities and their partners, and creating Safeguarding Adults Boards in every area.
39-44
New provisions to support better transition from children’s services for young people, young carers and
parent carers, including protections to ensure no gap in services over transition (43).
45-53
Other legislative issues, including powers to recover debts (45-46), re-enacting delayed discharges
provisions (47), and a new power for LAs to delegate functions a third party (51).
The draft Care and Support Bill:
Consultation and pre-legislative scrutiny
We have published the draft Bill for consultation and pre-legislative scrutiny:
• Public consultation runs until 19 October for written responses – but engagement will be
ongoing after that.
• We want to work with you to build on the Caring for our future engagement, and ensure
stakeholder leadership through the consultation and beyond.
• Pre-legislative scrutiny will start in the autumn. This is the process where a Committee of MPs
and/or Peers discuss the draft Bill and make recommendations for its improvement prior to
formal introduction.
– The Committee are likely to ask for written submissions from interested parties in the autumn.
– There will be public evidence sessions which stakeholders will be invited to over the autumn/winter.
– The Committee publishes a report at the end of the scrutiny period, in early 2013.
Well-being principle
Adult refuses assessment and does
not lack capacity and is not at risk of
abuse or neglect
Needs assessment
Carer’s assessment
Determination of ‘eligible’ needs
Does the person have ‘eligible’ needs’?
YES
NO
Might the person’s needs be met by a type of care and support which is not charged for?
YES
NO
Financial assessment
Does person have financial resources at/below the financial limit?
YES
Any changes to
needs or
circumstances?
NO
Has the person requested that the LA meet their eligible needs?
YES
NO
Will the local authority use its power to
meet the person’s needs?
Does the person meet the ordinary residence requirement?
YES
YES
NO
NO
Duty to meet eligible needs:
Entitlement to care and support
Record of assessment and
information/advice on meeting/preventing needs
How will the person’s needs to be met?
Are needs being met over time?
Care and support plan
Personal budget
Review
Direct payment
Provision of care and support
General responsibilities: information and advice, promoting choice and quality of services, prevention
Appearance of needs for care and support
Clauses 1-7:
General responsibilities
Set out the general responsibilities of local authorities towards all people:
• The well-being principle underpins the entire legal framework. It sets a defining purpose for
care and support, and influences the way all functions are carried out in relation to individuals.
• Universal obligations towards all local people:
– information and advice to help people understand care and support system, access
services and plan for the future
– services or other steps to prevent, reduce or delay needs for care and support
– promoting the market of providers so that there are high quality services to meet people’s
choices
• Requirement to work collaboratively and cooperate with other public authorities, including duty
to promote integration with NHS and other services.
Clauses 8-16:
Assessments
Start the person’s journey through the care and support system:
• Describe how needs can be met, to give an illustration for the clauses which follow.
• Single duties for assessment of people who may use services and carers. Focus of assessment
on needs and outcomes – not other factors.
• Placing the eligibility framework in law for the first time, to be clear what needs are “eligible”
for State support.
• Clarifying powers for charging for certain types of care and support, and local authority duties in
relation to financial assessments – so that is carried out transparently and consistently.
• Updated powers to offer deferred payment agreements, where the person does not pay
charges upfront – the Progress Report on Funding committed to this offer for all people in care
homes.
Clauses 17-22:
Core entitlements
Clarify who is entitled to have their care and support needs met by the local authority:
• Sets out the core entitlement for people who use services – based on eligible needs, ordinary
residence, and where relevant the outcome of the financial assessment.
• Includes a new right to request the local authority’s support for self-funders with eligible needs.
• The first right to support for carers – on the equivalent basis to the people they care for, and
with clarity around how meeting those needs may include care directly for the person cared for.
• Broad powers for the local authority to meet needs in all other circumstances.
• Exceptions and prohibitions where the local authority may not meet needs – forming the
boundary with the NHS (e.g. for Continuing Healthcare), housing and other public services.
Clauses 22-30:
Care and support planning
Describe what must happen after assessments to decide how needs should be met:
• Entitlement to a care and support plan, and requirement that local authority must help person
decide how to meet their needs.
• Duties to provide outcome of assessment and information and advice on meeting and
preventing needs to people who are not otherwise entitled to support.
• Right to a personal budget as part of the care and support plan.
• Entitlement to a choice of accommodation when someone is placed in a care home, with clear
rules on ability to make top-up payments for more expensive locations.
• Right to request a direct payment to meet some or all of needs in the care and support plan –
including rules for people lacking mental capacity, and payments to another individual.
Clauses 31-33:
Portability
Enabling movement of people between areas without the fear of losing care:
• New duty to ensure continuity of care when moving between areas.
– Sending local authority must share the care and support plan and other information
relating to the person and their carer.
– Receiving local authority must provide information before the move, assess the person’s
needs, and then arrange to meet their needs on the day of arrival based on the previous
care and support plan.
• Clarifying ordinary residence for people placed in accommodation in another area, so that
people cannot be left between areas with responsibility uncertain.
• Updating powers for the Secretary of State to resolve disputes between local authorities.
Clauses 34-38:
Safeguarding
The first statutory framework for protecting adults from abuse and neglect:
• New duty for local authority to carry out enquiries where it suspects an adult is at risk of abuse
or neglect.
• Requirement for all areas to establish a Safeguarding Adults Board to bring together LA, NHS
and police to coordinate activity to protect adults from abuse and neglect.
• SABs to carry out safeguarding adults reviews into cases where someone dies or there is
concern about how authorities acted, to ensure lessons are learned.
• Removes the existing power for local authorities to remove people from their homes – but see
the separate consultation on whether a new power is needed to ensure local authorities are
able to protect people effectively.
Clauses 39-44:
Transition from children’s services
New provisions to support better transition to adult care and support at the age of 18:
• New powers for local authorities to assess young people and young carers under the adult
statute in advance of their 18th birthday, to prepare for transition.
• A new duty to assess the adult carers of children, to identify any support needs that could be
met by adult services, and prepare for transition of the child.
• A power to provide support to meet the needs of carers of children – so that support can be
provided from adults’ services in addition to that received by the family through children’s
services.
• A new duty to ensure continuity of care around transition – so that if a young person is
receiving a children’s service on their 18th birthday, but adult care and support is not ready to
meet their needs, they must continue to receive the children’s service.
Clauses 45-53:
Other provisions
A series of other provisions to complete the legal framework:
• Restating existing powers for local authorities to recover debts – for instance where someone
has failed to pay any charges due for their care and support.
• Re-enacting the provisions which focus the local authority and NHS on hospital discharges and
reducing delays.
• A few small amendments to the provisions for people receiving after-care for certain mental
disorders under the Mental Health Act.
• A requirement for local authorities to hold registers of blind and partially sighted people.
• A power to issue statutory guidance to help local authorities carry out their functions in the new
statute.
• A new power for local authorities to delegate some of their functions to a third party – although
they would still be legally responsible for ensuring duties are fulfilled.
Key milestones
Now - April 2013
 Publication of White Paper & draft Bill (July 2012)
 Consultation on draft Bill (to mid October 2012)
 Pre-legislative scrutiny (autumn-early 2013)
 Government response to PLS (Feb-March 2013)
 Consultation on safeguarding intervention powers (July-October 2012)
 Consultation on market oversight; and launch of support scheme for market
shaping (Autumn 2012)
April 2013 on
 Care and Support Bill introduced to Parliament (from May 2013)
 Consult on draft regulations and statutory guidance (over 13/14 and
14/15)
 Implementation of new legislation (April 2015 onwards)
Next steps:
Commenting on the draft Bill
For more information and to get involved in the consultation:
• Use the online portal to see and comment on each clause individually:
http://careandsupportbill.dh.gov.uk
• See more information, factsheets and opportunities for discussion on the Caring for our Future
website: http://caringforourfuture.dh.gov.uk
• Email us at careandsupportbill@dh.gsi.gov.uk by 19 October.
• Follow us on Twitter: @caresupportbill
• Please help us arrange meetings with your networks and stakeholders to discuss the draft Bill
more widely.
A voluntary sector view of the
White Paper
Caroline Hawkings
Senior Public Policy Advisor
Key questions
Does the White Paper set out the framework for a high
quality social care system which:
• works for the most vulnerable people?
• will continue to be relevant for future generations of
disabled and other people?
Context of White Paper
Harsh realities for disabled people
• Cuts to council-funded social care
• Councils are reducing budgets for adult social care by £891m.
(=30% of council planned reductions)
• 80% of councils substantial threshold in 12/13 compared to
78% in 11/12. (Adass Budget Survey 2012).
• Less income due to changes from DLA to Personal
Independence Payments & Universal Credit.
• Employment – only 50% of disabled people in work compared
to 80% of non-disabled people
Positive progress
• Ethos - promoting well-being & independence &
asset-based approach
• National eligibility threshold
• Carers – clearer entitlement on the same basis as
service users
• Housing £200m capital fund
• Expansion of direct payments
• Portability of assessments
Roles of Voluntary Sector
organisations
• Harnessing the skills resources & networks of
local communities
• Expansion of volunteering & time-banking
• Models of working eg. direct payments in
residential care & Social Impact Bonds
• Evidence, Evidence, Evidence
Advocacy – the missing link?
• Better informed consumers critical to White Paper’s
vision
• ‘Information and advice alone is useless without the
support to understand and take action on it.’
Voiceability
• Advocacy is key to: information, support plans,
personal budgets, Healthwatch
• Danger of over-reliance on the web
• Need for advice independent of relatives/PAs
• Include advocacy specifically in draft Bill
• Test approaches
Questions on Quality
• New Provider Quality Profiles – cost issues,
how to validate & interpret data?
• Ratings or no ratings?
• Aspirational NICE Quality Standards relation
to CQC mandatory requirements?
• Confused consumers? CQC, Skills for Care,
SCIE, NICE, TLAP, Healthwatch
Workforce
‘Good care is about people and personal relationships,
not organisations and processes. Good care and
support services are underpinned by an ongoing
human connection between staff, people with care and
support needs, and their families.’
Bringing Clarity to Quality in Care & Support
What’s missing?
Workforce tensions
• Ambition for a caring, skilled & valued
workforce, but
• High turnover of staff & low rates of pay
• Recommended training standards & voluntary
Compact & Skills Pledge
• High expectations of social workers
• Need for a coherent strategy
Concluding thoughts
• Good, but could do better
• Need strategic leadership from central Government
eg. on quality
• Necessity for advocacy
• Practical & financial support for social care workforce
• Wait and see…
Contacts
www.scope.org.uk
www.vodg.org.uk
caroline.hawkings@scope.org.uk
Connected and Confident Communities
September 2012
Social Action for health and well-being:
building co-operative communities
(October 2011)
“Our vision is of a society in which social action
and reciprocity are the norm and where
volunteering is encouraged, promoted and
supported because it has the power to enhance
quality, reduce inequality or improve outcomes
in health, public health and social care.”
Caring for our future:
reforming care and support
(July 2012)
“Help people stay active, connected and independent …”
“Active communities will reach out to those around them ..”
“Stimulate the development of time banks, time credits and other
approaches that help people share their time, talents and skills
with others in their community…”
“I am supported …”
• … transformed to focus on people’s skills and talents,
helping them to develop and maintain connections to
friends and family
• Communities will be encouraged and supported to reach
out to those at risk of isolation:
– involve communities in decisions around health and care
services, through local Healthwatch and health and
wellbeing boards;
– stimulate the development of time banks, time credits and
other approaches that help people share their time, talents
and skills with others in their community;
“… to maintain …”
• local area coordination, connected care or asset-based community
development
• approaches that promote support within communities are strengthened
and developed across the country
• The voluntary and community sector is uniquely placed to reach socially
isolated people and connect them to befriending services and other
networks of friendship and support.
– local health and care commissioners to identify how the skills and
networks in a community can make an important contribution to the
health and wellbeing of local people and build this into their JSNAs and
JHWSs.
– Commissioners will also need to consider how they can further support
and nurture these community networks and increase people’s
awareness and understanding of how they can improve their own
health and wellbeing.
– The Think Local, Act Personal partnership, supported by Public Health
England, will establish a collaborative network to support and spread
the adoption of community-based approaches.
“… my independence …”
• We expect local authorities (including parish
councils), together with their local communities, to
maximise the potential for spaces and buildings in a
community to act as meeting places or centres for
activity. Leisure centres, libraries, day centres and
community centres should be open, inclusive and
culturally sensitive venues. Promoting the innovative
use of venues in our communities will help to reduce
social isolation and increase connections.
“… as long as possible”
• We will support the growth and development of time banking,
time credit and other approaches that help people to give their
time and skills.
• The lessons from Project Carebank, being piloted in Windsor
and Maidenhead and other projects will be shared nationally
so that similar models can be adapted by local communities
up and down the country.
• Working with CSV and other partners across our communities
to lead a ‘call to care’. This will bring together the available
evidence, and examples of innovative leadership and
expertise, to build a strong and credible case for communities
and commissioners to roll out timesharing approaches that
will improve the health, care and wellbeing of our
communities.
The role of social care in promoting equality
and eliminating inequalities
Jabeer Butt
Race Equality Foundation
www.raceequalityfoundation.org.uk
Introduction
• Since 1978, significant improvement in the quality of
social care experienced by some communities that
experience discrimination and inequality
• However evidence suggests the persistence of
inequality and discrimination, and as consequence poor
social care experience and outcomes
• Therefore crucial to ensure social care reform agenda
promotes equality
Promoting equality and eliminating inequality: exploring the evidence for black and minority ethnic older people
Promoting equality and eliminating inequality: exploring the evidence for black and minority ethnic older people
Promoting equality and eliminating inequality: exploring the evidence for black and minority ethnic older people
Promoting equality and eliminating inequality: exploring the evidence for black and minority ethnic older people
Promoting equality and eliminating inequality: exploring the evidence for black and minority ethnic older people
Conclusion
• If social care reform is to be effective it needs to reduce
or ameliorate the risk factors
• At the same time for social care to be effective it needs
to enhance or build on the protective factors