Overview of ENEA role and activities
Pietro Tarquini/Walter Gaggioli
Renewable Energy Technical Unit
pietro.tarquini@enea.it
walter.gaggioli@enea.it
Piombino 7 marzo 2014
Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l’Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile
National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Substainable Economic Development
ENEA is a public organization operating
in the fields of energy, sustainable
economic development and new
technologies in order to support
competitiveness and sustainable
development policies at the national
level
MISSION:
supporting Italian energy policy
through the promotion and innovation
of sustainable technologies
Facts and Figures
Human Resources:
(30 June 2010)
2863 permanent staff
71 temporary staff
Master and PhD students
International Fellows
Headquarters located in Rome
9 Research Centres
5 Research Laboratories
12 Local Offices
Brussels Liason Office
ENEA’s Technologies
ENEA FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
Renewable Energy Sources are important part of the energy mix and
beneficial for energy security and the reduction of emission of GHG
In the wider framework of RES, ENEA is carrying out RD&D activities on:
Concentrating Solar Power
Photovoltaic
Biomass gasification
Bio Fuel
Wind Energy (Offshore and small scale)
Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
1 litro di gasolio
fornisce circa
10 kWh
100 m2 → 50 l al giorno
Potenzialità del solare termodinamico
Area
~2400kWh/m2/a
(km2)
DNI
kWh/m2/a
9000
2400
L = 95 km
Energia disponibile con Energia disponibile
il 10% di efficienza di
con il 10% di
conversione (kWh)
efficienza di
conversione
(MTEP)
2.16x1012
185
(consumo medio
annuo dell’Italia)
ENEA technology innovations
Solar collector design
(easy manufacture and
assembly)
Heat storage
(low volume and cost)
Heat transfer fluid
(low cost, low envir.
impact)
290
°C
550
°C
Steam
generator
Power block
Receiver tube
(high
efficiency)
Direct Mollten Salts CSP system
(i.e. Archimede plant)
10
ENEA roadmap on concentrating solar power (CSP)
Industrial
Demonstration
plant
2010
2009
2008
Demo design
and construction
Industrial role
ENEL Archimede 5 MWe
2007
2006
Components test
and qualification
2005
2004
Lab
R&D
Prototype Operation start-up
2003 Prototype Design
2002
2001
Project Start-up
Government role
Test facility
PCS
Energy Technologies
ENEA Casaccia Solar Trough Test facility
Pump
Storage
Up side of the Storage
Schematic of the PCS experimental facility
Test facility for solar collectors
Pump
Up side of the Storage
ENEA Casaccia labs (Rome) - Started-up April 2004
Storage
Tube receiver
Below
Steel tube
with coating
Glass tube
with vacuum
Manufacturing process of the glass tube
Glass coating
Tube receiver manufacture
Glass tube
Patent ENEA
POLO
SAESGETTER
STEROGLASS
Max temp. 600 °C
Coating stable in air
Solar absorbance
>=
95%
Thermal emittance at 400 °C ~
10%
Belo
w
New coating
Junction
Measure of thermal losses in
the tube receiver
Glass
Tube
Angelantoni factory view
Sputtering machine
Demonstration Facility: “Archimede” project
Owner: ENEL (electrical utility)
Technology and design: ENEA
Power: 5 MWe
Placed in: Priolo G. (SR) (Sicily)
Storage 7 hours
ENEL
Archimede Solar Power
Plant
Archimede project is the integration of solar plant
with gas combined plant
ENEL 760 MWe
5 MWe
Energy Technologies
Archimede solar field - Priolo - Sicily
Concentrated Solar Power
Archimede solar power plant
Solar field
Energy Technologies
Concentrated Solar Power
Molten salt storage tanks and steam generator of Archimede solar plant
Steam Generator
Cold Storage
Hot Storage
New ENEA’s Technology for
small & medium modular CSP
Direct MS CSP system with stratifying TES
with integrated SG
30
TR.E.BIO.S. project
Small/medium size modular Combined Heat and Power plants,
for energy supplying in residential and industrial sectors,
Based on
a single storage tank integrated with a "once-through"
steam generator (expected more 50% cost reduction);
a molten salts backup auxiliary heater, fed by biomass (or
other renewable/fossil fuels), that allows operation all over
the year also in average sunny climates,
optional special unit for:
• desalination of sea water,
• hydrogen production from natural gas or bio- ethanol in
steam reforming unit fed by molten salts
New uses of ENEA’s solar technology for small & medium
modular plant
Biomass
hydrothermal treatment
for H2 and
biofuels production
Solar field
(CSP)
Thermal storage
&
Steam generation
District
heating/cooling
Electricity production
Biomass back-up
molten salt heater
molten salt
steam
H2 production by
reforming
of natural gas,
bioethanol, glycerol
Sea water
desalination
Contribution to energy production by solar source
and biomass (rif. Central Italiy)
120%
80%
60%
40%
20%
O
tt
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re
N
ov
em
br
e
D
ic
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e
Se
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ag
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iu
gn
o
A
pr
ile
zo
M
ar
o
Fe
bb
ra
io
0%
G
en
na
i
Tasso di copertura
soalre/biomassa [%]
100%
[mesi]
% .Media Mese Solare
% .Media Mese Biomassa
Scheme of storage tank with integrated steam generator
.
TRE.BIO.S Project
__MWt => total thermal power
(*)
__Mwe => electric power (*)
___ ha => solar field extension
(*) rated annual average (total
MWh per year / 8,760 hr per
year)
1 MWt, 0.25 MWe, 1.5 ha
TRE.BIO.S Project
__MWt => total thermal power
(*)
__Mwe => electric power (*)
___ ha => solar field extension
(*) rated annual average (total
MWh per year / 8,760 hr per
year)
4 MWt, 1.00 MWe, 6.0 ha
TRE.BIO.S Project
__MWt => total thermal power
(*)
__Mwe => electric power (*)
___ ha => solar field extension
(*) rated annual average (total
MWh per year / 8,760 hr per
year)
16 MWt, 4.00 MWe, 24.0 ha
TRE.BIO.S
Project
Learning curves for early industrial CSP plants of various
sizes
Surface assigned to each source:
solar radiation and biomass
1 MWth for 24 hours
40 ha
1,5
ha
Solar fuels
Process heat
Steam
explosion
Fermentation
Bio ethanol
Biomass
Pyrolisis
gasification
Bio – Syngas
Chemical synthesis
Gas to liquid
Bio diesel
DME
Bio ethanol
Glycerol
Natural/bio gas
Steam
reforming
Hydrogen
Corrosion test program
In our program we have been carrying out corrosion tests
on different steels exposed to the molten salts
We have defined three conditions
ISOTHERMAL AND STAGNANT CONDITIONS
DYNAMIC CONDITIONS
OLIGOCLYC FATIGUE CONDITIONS
ISOTHERMAL AND STAGNANT CONDITIONS
Up to now we carried out corrosion tests in isothermal
and stagnant conditions
on three stainless steels:
AISI 316L; AISI 321; AISI 347
at 290°C, 550°C and 590°C
up to 8000 h
and on carbon steel ASTM 106B at 290°C
up to 8000 h
Corrosion test device
A
B
Shape of the specimens un-welded (A) and welded (B)
Line Scanning analysis of specimens of AISI 316L exposed for 1000 h (A) and 6000 h (B) at 550°
°C
MOSE Plant Dynamic corrosion facility
Dynamic conditions - Testing device
Sezione di Prova MOSE
Sezione
S4
Tempo di prova 2000 h
Condizioni di prova
Temperatura
550
C
°
Velocità nom. 0,25m/
s
Facility for LCF testing in stagnant molten salts
OLIGOCLYC FATIGUE CONDITIONS
Overall description
• A classic INSTRON servo-mechanical load
frame provided the hardware (max capacity ±
50 kN)
• A reversed layout is used (extensometer on the
upper loading bar)
• Ridged plain-cylindrical specimens are used
(gauge section ø 7.5-mm, 11-mm lenght)
• A pair of high sensitivity LVDTs (0.5-mm max
stroke) are fitted to the ends of the
extensometer’s arms
• materials: molten salts vessel, screws, nuts and
unloading valve AISI 316L, loading bars
Nimonic 80A, extensometer’s arms PM 2000,
sealing O-rings AISI 321 (valve and main
vessel)
• max temperature 600°C (1112°F)
Study on chemical-physical properties of nitrate/nitrite mixtures
Effect of nitrite formation (3% wt%) on binary phase diagram
Ternary with lithium nitrate
Study on chemical-physical properties of mixtures
ENEA LABORATORY
Casaccia Research Centre - Rome
ENEA’s Activities on thermal Energy Storage
Application of molten salts as heat transfer fluid and storage
medium for concentrating solar power plants
application of molten salts for heat recovery in industrial plants
Application
of molten salts for medium-high temperature heat
recovery in industrial plants
Innovative concepts for thermal energy storage systems
TES using Phase Change Materials
New uses of ENEA’s solar technology for small & medium
modular plant
Heat recovery
from
steel production
Solar field
(CSP)
Thermal storage
&
Steam generation
District
heating/cooling
Electricity production
Biomass/waste
back-up
molten salt heater
molten salt
steam
Sea water
desalination
Schema di principio di impianto di recupero termico a sali fusi
con accumulo termico integrato da un impianto solare
Forno elettrico ad
arco
Recupero termico
a sali fusi
Campo solare
(CSP)
Accumulo termico
a sali fusi
&
Generazione di vapore
sali fusi
vapore
Produzione di
Energia elettrica
Scheme of a hybrid solar power plant for hydrogen production
by mean of high temperature electrolyzer
Waste, Biomass
CO2
Solar Field
CO2
Molten salt
storage system
H2O
Steam generator
Steam turbine
Alternator
Other renewable
electricity source
Backup heater
CO2,O2
Steam
Electric energy
Electric energy
Electrolyser
H2
Study on chemical-physical properties of nitrate/nitrite mixtures
On going activities:
•Thermal stability of the ternary mixture containing lithium
nitrate in a quartz vessel at 550 °C, in order to separate
corrosion effects from thermal instability properties
•Chemical-physical properties and thermal stability
ternary mixtures containing Calcium nitrate
of
•Setting-up, in collaboration with Tor-Vergata University, of an
experimental apparatus for thermal conducibility and thermal
volumetric expansion studies
•Setting up of an apparatus for the determination of the
kinetics laws concerned with molten nitrates decomposition,
in particular, will be investigated the reactions over 600°
°C:
Future activities of ENEA in CSP
Technologies
Research areas
High efficiency concentrators and tracking systems
System components performances improvement
High thermal efficiency tube receiver
Thermal storage system
Heat transfer fluids
Levelized energy cost (LEC) reduction
ENEA CSP research facilities
Main experimental existing facilities and laboratories:
PCS, facility and support labs
MOSE, facility and support labs
Applied optics lab
Meteo-climatic data storage lab
Selective coatings labs
Thermo-chemistry labs
Archimede solar power plant (ENEL)
ENEA CSP research facilities
Under design and/or construction:
Solar furnace and HT receiver
Demonstration plants:
TREBIOS - Small/medium Combined Heat and
Power plant
Desalination Plant
Solar Steam Reforming for Hydrogen
Production
Final remarks
ENEA started 9 years ago with a vigorous research, development and demonstration
program on CSP and introduced many innovations.
ENEA has several patents concerning solar components.
ENEA has many R&D activities on the components, and can design the whole solar
plant. The experience in the molten salt fluid is very interesting and can be utilized in
other field (nuclear, petrochemical industry).
The main objective is the reduction of electricity cost.
Technology is at industrial level (ENEL solar power plant “Archimede” has been
working since July 2010).
The strengths of ENEA technologies are:
1.high conversion efficiency;
2.high temperature and low pressure due to the fluid;
3.efficiency storage and supply energy constant;
4.no environmental risk;
5.combined cycle power integration;
6.low electricity cost.
Thanks for your Attention !