Pengantar
Teknologi Informasi
dan
Ilmu Komputer
Information Technology and
Computer Technology
PTIIK- UB
Information Technology
DEFINITION: Information Technology (IT)
describes any technology that helps to produce,
manipulate, store, communicate, and/or
disseminate information.
• Part 1: Computer Technology
• Part 2: Communications Technology
Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"
“Modern” Computers
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Supercomputer
Mainframe
Workstation
Microcomputer
Microcontroller
Server - client
Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"
Supercomputers
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At the frontline of current processing capacity,
particularly speed of calculation.
High-capacity machines with thousands
of processors
Multi-user systems
Used for U.S. Census, weather forecasting,
designing aircraft, scientific projects, etc.
Japan’s K Computer is the largest
supercomputer
Priced from $1 million to over
$1 billion (2012)
Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"
Mainframes
• Powerful computers used primarily by
corporate and governmental
organizations
• For critical applications, bulk data
processing such as census, industry and
consumer statistics, enterprise resource
planning, and transaction processing.
• Used by banks, airlines, colleges, and the
like for millions of transactions
• Water-cooled or air-cooled
• Reliability, availability, serviceability
• Priced from $5,000 to $5 million (2012)
Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"
Supercomputers vs Mainframes
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Supercomputer
• High performance computing (speed of calculation)
• Suitable for scientific and engineering problems, e.g. weather
prediction, nuclear simulation, aircraft design
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Mainframe
• Transaction processing
• Suitable for business world, e.g. inventory control (goods),
airline reservations (services), or banking (money).
Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"
Workstations
 Introduced in early 1980s
 Expensive, powerful personal computers
 Required for scientific, mathematical, engineering,
computer-aided design (CAD), computer-aided
manufacturing (CAM)
 Used for designing cars, drugs, movie special effects
Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"
Microcomputers
 A microcomputer is a computer with a
microprocessor as its central processing unit (CPU).
 It includes a microprocessor, memory, and
input/output (I/O) facilities.
 The abbreviation "micro" was common during the
1970s and 1980s, but has now fallen out of
common usage.
 Personal computers that cost $500 to $5,000
 Used either stand-alone or in a network
 Types include: desktop, tower, notebooks (laptops),
netbooks, tablets, mobile internet devices (MIDs),
personal digital assistants (PDAs), e-readers
Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"
Microcontrollers
 A microcontroller (sometimes abbreviated µC, uC or
MCU) is a small computer on a single integrated
circuit containing a processor core, memory, and
programmable input/output peripherals.
 Also called embedded computers
 Tiny, specialized microprocessors inside appliances
& automobiles
 They are in microwaves, programmable ovens,
blood-pressure monitors, air bag sensors, vibration
sensors, MP3 players, digital cameras, keyboards,
car systems, etc.
Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"
Servers
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The word server describes the way a computer—
whether mainframe, workstation, or PC—is used.
A central computer connected (wired or wirelessly) to
other computers & peripheral devices on a
client/server network
Purpose: Hold data and programs for clients to access
and to supply services for clients
• Clients are other computers, such as PCs or
workstations, on which users run applications
Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"
Three Key Concepts
1. Purpose of a computer
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Turn data into information
Data: the raw facts and figures
Information: data that has been summarized and
manipulated for use in decision making
2. Hardware vs. software
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Hardware = the machinery and equipment in the
computer
Software (programs) = the electronic instructions
that tell the computer how to perform a task
Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"
(continued)
Three Key Concepts
3. The basic operations
Input: What goes in to the computer system
 Processing: The manipulation a computer does to
transform data into information
 Storage:
– Primary storage, or memory, is temporary storage.
– Secondary storage is permanent storage: media such
as DVDs and CDs
 Output: What comes out
– Numbers or pictures on the screen, printouts,
sounds
 Communications: Sending and receiving data
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Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"
Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"
Understanding a Desktop
Computer
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What would you need?
• Keyboard & mouse (input)
• Inside the system cabinet
(processing & memory)
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Case and power supply
Processor chip – the Central Processor Unit (CPU)
Memory chips – Random Access Memory (RAM)
Motherboard – the system board
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Memory chips plug in
Processor chip plugs in
Motherboard attaches to system cabinet
Power supply is connected to system cabinet
Power supply wire is connected to motherboard
Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"
Understanding a Desktop
Computer
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Storage Hardware: Hard Drive, CD/DVD Drive,
Flash
• Storage capacity is represented in bytes
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1 byte = 1 character of data
1 kilobyte = 1,024 characters
1 megabyte = 1,048,576 characters
1 gigabyte = over 1 billion characters
1 terabyte = over 1 trillion characters
1 petabyte = about 1 quadrillion characters
• Permanently installed: hard drives, CD/DVD
drives, slot connectors for USB and flash memory
• Removable media: CDs/DVDs, USB and
flash memory
Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"
Understanding a Desktop
Computer
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Output hardware
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Video
Sound cards
Speakers
Monitor
Printer
Communications hardware
• Modem
Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"
Basic PC System
Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"
Software
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System Software—performs essential operating tasks
• Most important part: operating system (OS)
• Some operating system options
• Windows
• Unix
• Linux
• Mac OS
Application Software—enables user to perform tasks
• Install after the OS
• Compatibility: application depends on OS, for
example,
• Linux applications won’t work on Windows
• Windows applications won’t work on Linux
Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"
References
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Williams, B.K., and Sawyer, S.C. (2007). Using
Information Technology: A Practical Introduction to
Computers & Communications. 10th Edition, McGrawHill, New York.
Brookshear, J.G. (2012) Computer Science: an Overview.
12th edition. Addison-Wesley.
Gonick, L., and Wheelis, M. (1983) The Cartoon Guide to
the Computer. Barnes and Noble Books.