TERTIARY EDUCATION COUNCIL
Transforming Tertiary Education
TOWARDS A KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY
TERTIARY EDUCATION POLICY & STRATEGY – KEY TO
TRANSFORMATION
Dr.
P. Molutsi
 Executive Secretary
 Tertiary Education Council

March 2011
The Progress Model.
1966
3 km
6 Sec School
4/9/2015
Now
6367 km
233
60.00
GDP capita
18,340
Bottom
25 poorest
Upper
2
Middle
Income
Political Stability.
90 -100 percentile
Most stable democracy in
the world
4/9/2015
3
Macro Economy
90-100 percentile
Global ranking (2007)
41 (128)
4/9/2015
4
Institutional Regime
90-100 percentile
Global Ranking (2007)
38 (128)
4/9/2015
5
Other Key Enablers
2007 Global Rankings
Infrastructure – 67 (128)
Market Efficiency – 61 (128)
4/9/2015
6
Knowledge Economy Index
Most recent
10
Sweden
9.17
8
6
S. Africa 4.89
Mauritius 4.25
Botswana 4.20
4
Africa 2.46
2
0
1
4/9/2015
2
3
4
5
6
1995
7
8
9
10
7
Development Stage
Stages of Development
Characteristics
Unskilled
Resource Driven
Investment Driven
Innovation Driven
4/9/2015
and low wage labour
Cheap Natural
Resources
A strategic shift in the economy towards a
knowledge intensive service sector

Domestic
knowledge generation
New and unique innovations
8
Peer & Comparator Countries
Stages of Development
Resource Driven
Countries
Africa
A to Z
Botswana
Algeria
Transition from 1-2
Libya
Namibia
Tunisia
Investment Driven
4/9/2015
Innovation Driven
Mauritius
South
Africa
Canada
USA
and Australia
9
The Burning Platform
4/9/2015
10
Resource Dependency
Diamonds
are NOT
forever
4/9/2015
11
The most Problematic areas
The most problematic factors for doing business in Botswana
2007 vs 2003
0
2
4
6
8
% of respondents
10
12
14
16
18
20
A. Bureaucracy
B. Educated workforce
C. Access to financing
D. Work ethic
E. Labour regulations
F. Inflation
G. Infrastructure
H. Corruption
I. Crime and theft
J. Tax rates
K. Foreign currency regulations
L. Policy instability
M. Tax regulations
N. Government
4/9/2015 instability/coups
* based on an Executive Opinion Survey conducted in 2007 and 2003 by World Economic Forum
2007
2003
12
What Botswana must get
right
Key Enhancers
Tertiary Education
Health & General education
Current global rankings

89 (128)
115
(128)
Technological readiness
81
(128)
Business sophistication
98
(128)
Innovation
92
(128)
4/9/2015
13
Knowledge Economy Index
– Tertiary Education Pillar
Unive rs ity indus try link s
8
6
4
Innovation
2
Te rtiary Enrollm e nt
0
S& T Journal article s
Re s e arche rs
Bots w ana
4/9/2015
South Africa
M auritius
14
Tertiary Education Policy.
Republic of Botswana
Ministry of Education
TOWARDS A KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY
WHITE PAPER ON TERTIARY EDUCATION
4/9/2015
15
March 2008
Tertiary Education
Driver of Development.
Resource
4/9/2015
Transition
Investment
Stages of Development
Innovation
16
Value Proposition.
BENEFITS
Tertiary Institutions
Employment & Salaries
Goods & Services
Student expenditures
OUTCOMES
Botswana’s
Aggregate
Wealth
Skilled & Adaptable People
Quality Jobs
Enhanced Income
Personal Development
Knowledge Discovery
Research & Innovation
Product development
Investment & Income
4/9/2015
Botswana’s
Societal Advancement
and
Quality of
Life
17
VISION 2016 ALIGNMENT
Prosperous &
Productive
Policy Fit
Policy Execution
Educated & Informed
Open, Democratic &
Accountable
1. Human Resource
Development
2. Research &
Innovation
3. Economic & Social
Transformation
4/9/2015
Safe & Secure
United & Proud
Tertiary Education
NATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
PLAN
2009-2016
Compassionate, Just
& Caring
Moral & Tolerant
18
Policy Goal -1.
HUMAN
4/9/2015
RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT;
19
Human Resource Development
Key Driver since 1960s.
M anpower Foreca sti ng
Core Issues
Core Issues
LABO UR
ACADEM IC
PROGRAM M E
MARKET
LABO UR
MARKET
S UPPLY
DEMAND
Core O BJECTIVE
4/9/2015
•
•
Filling curren t an d forecast v acancies
Localisation of expatria te held p ositio ns
22
20
Educational Attainment
140
120
100
Primary
80
Secondary
60
Tertiary
40
Adult literacy
20
0
70 980 985 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 003 007
9
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
4/9/2015
21
Peers and Comparators
Botswana South
Africa
11.4%
4/9/2015
15.3%
Mauritius New
Zealand
17.2%
63.2%
22
Government Spend on Tertiary
Education
Botswana
18.6 %
4/9/2015
South
Africa
14.6%
Mauritius
15.6%
New
Zealand
24.9%
23
Tertiary Education
Problem Tree.
PROBLEMS
MAJOR
EFFECTS
ACCESS
DISCONNECTS
•Strategy
•Structures
QUALITY
•Systems
4/9/2015
RELEVANCE
24
Tertiary Employment
Problem Tree.
PROBLEMS
MAJOR DISCONNECTS
EFFECTS
GRADUATE UNEMPLOYMENT
•Strategy
•Structures
SKILLS DEFICIT
•Systems
4/9/2015
TRADITIONAL GRADUATES
25
Tertiary Education
Enrollment Goal.
350000
300000
250000
200000
150000
100000
50000
0
2007
2016
2020
18-24 Population
Projection
270361
284759
299371
Tertiary enrolm ents
31,129
48,409
59,875
11.4
17
20
Gross Enrollm ent ratio
4/9/2015
18-24 Population Projection
Tertiary enrolm ents
Gross Enrollm ent ratio
26
Policy Goal -2.
RESEARCH
4/9/2015
& INNOVATION
27
Exciting Challenges.
“The battle for ideas is on and it is up to us
as a nation as to whether we want to join the
leaders and be counted..
It has worked for small states such as
Finland, Ireland, Singapore, Taiwan, South
Korea, Mauritius,..
4/9/2015
28
What keeps Botswana
behind?
Very
small S&T HR base (~ 2, 160 employees within S&T system)
R&D personnel as % of total employment is below optimal (<2.7 researchers per 1000 employed)
Low
GERD (gross expenditure on R&D as % of GDP)
Most research focussed on wrong areas that do not have long term ‘high value’ e.g. agricultural,
manufacturing
Inadequate
management of S&T such as indicators, priority areas, monitoring, political S&T
leadership
Overly focussed on import of technologies which restricts breakthrough ideas
Current University bias towards a teaching
Poor
patent record (5 patents by 2004?) e.g. >500K /yr in Japan
Thinking that strengthening traditional attributes will bring lasting prosperity
4/9/2015
29
Botswana - a small but
heavy state











4/9/2015 
Vision 2016 - 1997
S&T Policy - 1998
New Zealand Consortium Report for a framework - 2000
Ministry of Communications Science and Technology - 2002
Botswana National Research Science and Technology Plan - 2005
Maitlamo ICT Policy (e-government, legal etc) - 2006
Botswana Innovation Hub (BIH) Business Plan – 2006
Botswana International University of S & T 2003
Medical School - 1998
SLOW RECORD OF IMPLEMENTATION
…..Need to remember that we are playing catch-up!
10 years to implement a policy or project is too long…
30
Innovation Model
60
Radical Innovation
50
Revenue
40
Evolutionary Innovation
30
20
10
Business as Usual
0
-4
4/9/2015
-3
-2
-1
Today
1
2
3
Planning Horizon
4
31
Choices and Consequences
QUANTUM
GROWTH
STAGNATE
DECLINE
4/9/2015
32
Tertiary Education
Research & Innovation System
ideas
RESEARCH &
INNOVATION
4/9/2015
33
Tertiary R & I Value Chain
RESEARCH
Market
Needs
Concept/
Idea
INCENTIVES
Research
Allocations
4/9/2015
Basic
R&D
FUNDING
( Research
Allocations )
INNOVATION
Applied
R&D
Prototype
R&I
FUNDING
Pilot
Production
Early
Growth
Production
Mature
Production
(Venture Capitalists,
Industry, Banks, other financiers.)
34
Policy Goal -3.
SYSTEM
4/9/2015
& INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY
35
System Level
Fragmentation.
4/9/2015
36
A Single Accountability.
Ministry of Education and Skills Training
Department of Tertiary Education
Human Resource
Development
Council
4/9/2015
Skills Training and Development
Tertiary Education
Human Resource Development
37
INSTITUTIONAL PROFILES
Learnin
Internal
g&
Processes
Growth
Financi
al
Customers
Educational Excellence
Organisational Excellence
Partnership Excellence
Increase opportunities for lifelong education
Improve resource management
Strengthen relationships with
stakeholders/customers
Improve quality of programmes
Improve quality of service at FCTVE
Increase number of partnerships
Produce marketable graduates
Strengthen the cultural values of the organisation
Improve quality of service at FCTVE
Effective financial management
Effective procurement strategies
Improve resource management
Perception audits
Programme Audits
Improve utilisation of resources
Flexible modes of delivery
Improve resource management
Marketing strategies
Relevant programmes
Process mapping
Network with corporate world
Market surveys
Organisational culture inductions
Performance reforms implementation
Team spirit culture
Uphold code of conduct
Funding Strategy.
High
low
4/9/2015
High
low
High
low
39
A new Institutional Landscape.
Satellite
Campus
A new Institutional
Institute of
Health
Science
☼
Satellite
Campus
Satellite
Campus
Colleges
Of
Technology
Satellite
Campus
4/9/2015
☼ ☼
Private
☼ Institution
☼
☼ ☼
☼
Satellite
Campus
BOCODOL
Open &
Distance
Learning
Satellite
Campus
Education &
Community
Colleges
☼
☼
☼
☼ ☼
Private
☼ Institution
☼
☼ ☼
☼
☼
☼
Private
Institution
☼
UB
Comprehensive
Research
Intensive
University
☼
☼ ☼
BIUST
Science and
Technology
University
40
SYSTEM-INSTITUTIONAL
GOVERNANCE MODEL.
Control
Steering
Autonomy
high
low
4/9/2015
41
Qualifications Framework
LEVEL
10
9
8
7
6
1-5
4/9/2015
QUALIFICATION TYPE
Ph.D
Masters
Undergraduate degree
Diplomas
Certificate
General education to Senior Secondary
42
Policy Implementation
Managing
by Project
Developing our People
4/9/2015
43
Managing by Project.
NDP9
NDP10
Beginning and End
INITIATION
PLANNING
Initiate
Formulate
EXECUTION & CONTROL
Execution
&
Monitor
CLOSEOUT
Review
&
Evaluate
Developing our People.
S
U
C
PLAN
&
MANAGE
CAPACITY
LEADERSHIP
E
CAPABILITY
S
S