Agenda Item Wind Turbine Interference –
Possible Mitigations
Jason Strong, Eng Mgr Surveillance Sensors
NATS En-Route Ltd
Sustainable Energy – Sustainable ATC
Surveillance Workshop – Eurocontrol, Brussels,
April 2010
Mitigation Options
» Guidelines includes a variety of mitigation options which
should be considered.
» The choice and appropriateness of mitigation options
varies from case to case, influenced by:
» Surveillance technology employed
» Cooperative / Non-Cooperative
» Age & Capability
» Capacity
» Supportability
» Air Traffic Density
» Number of flights per Hour
» Airspace Volume
» Air Traffic Complexity
» Mix of Aircraft
» Military / State Aircraft
» En-Route or Terminal Control
Sustainable Energy – Sustainable ATC Surveillance Workshop – Eurocontrol, Brussels, April 2010
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Mitigation Applicability
»Guidelines Identifies different options
for different Surveillance Classifications
» Non-Cooperative Surveillance Sensor
» Cooperative Surveillance Sensors
» Operational
» Wind Turbine
»It is rare & unlikely that a single
mitigation technique is sufficient on its
own. Often a combination of options
needs to be employed.
Sustainable Energy – Sustainable ATC Surveillance Workshop – Eurocontrol, Brussels, April 2010
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Risks identified requiring mitigation
» Reduced PSR Probability of Detection (Pd)
» PSR False Targets
» PSR Positional Accuracy
» Overload of PSR Capabilities (Capacity)
» Reduced SSR Pd
» SSR False Targets
» SSR Position Accuracy
» Guidelines identify which mitigations are effective at
addressing each type of risk.
Sustainable Energy – Sustainable ATC Surveillance Workshop – Eurocontrol, Brussels, April 2010
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Mitigation Options Table 1 – Page 48
Sustainable Energy – Sustainable ATC Surveillance Workshop – Eurocontrol, Brussels, April 2010
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Mitigation Options Table 2 – Page 49
Sustainable Energy – Sustainable ATC Surveillance Workshop – Eurocontrol, Brussels, April 2010
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Non-Cooperative Surveillance Sensor
» Blank Azimuth Sector
» Suppress returns in a range / azimuth sector
» Filtering of Wind Farm false returns
» Strengthen Track Initiation Conditions
» Adapt PSR overload prevention facilities
» Upgrade PSR processing capabilities
» Upgrade PSR output interface capabilities
» In-Fill PSR
» In-Fill MSPSR
Sustainable Energy – Sustainable ATC Surveillance Workshop – Eurocontrol, Brussels, April 2010
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PSR Blanking
» Either a whole azimuth sector or range defined.
» Effective way of addressing clutter & capacity related
issues.
» Obvious drawback of blanking out real aircraft returns
» Maybe be suitable in certain operational situations, e.g.:
» Low Risk of non-cooperative aircraft
» Low complexity
» Low traffic density
Sustainable Energy – Sustainable ATC Surveillance Workshop – Eurocontrol, Brussels, April 2010
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PSR Processing
» Improved Processing Techniques
» Increase Probability of Detection
» Reduce the number of false plots
» Improve the acquisition of targets through enhanced track initiation
techniques
» Use of Non-Auto Initiation zones
» Several manufacturers looking at enhancements to
existing technology or new/alternative replacement
technology
» Complex solution but potentially offers the most
‘complete’ mitigation option.
Sustainable Energy – Sustainable ATC Surveillance Workshop – Eurocontrol, Brussels, April 2010
9
Surveillance ‘In Fill’
» Applicable to both cooperative & non cooperative
surveillance
» Places more emphasis mitigation at the end user rather
than the Radar Head
» Requires a surveillance picture to be built up from
multiple surveillance sensors
» Mosaic solution
» Multi-Radar Tracking solution
» Effective solution but limited in number of applications
due to:
» Computational limitations
» Finite maximum number of surveillance
» Accuracy requirements
sensors
Sustainable Energy – Sustainable ATC Surveillance Workshop – Eurocontrol, Brussels, April 2010
10
Cooperative Surveillance System
» Blank SSR Transmission in an azimuth sector
» In-Fill SSR
» In-Fill Wide Area Multilateration (WAM)
» In-Fill ADS-B
» Improve SSR Anti-Reflection capability / Mode-S
Sustainable Energy – Sustainable ATC Surveillance Workshop – Eurocontrol, Brussels, April 2010
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Operational
» Move ATC Route
» Change airspace classification or create a Transponder
Mandatory Zone
Sustainable Energy – Sustainable ATC Surveillance Workshop – Eurocontrol, Brussels, April 2010
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Wind Turbine
» Move Turbines to outside Radar Line of Site
» Move Turbines out of Critical Areas
» Change Windfarm layout
» Reduce number of turbines within Line of Site
» Reduce Wind Turbine Reflectivity
Sustainable Energy – Sustainable ATC Surveillance Workshop – Eurocontrol, Brussels, April 2010
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Jason Strong
Engineering Manager, Surveillance Sensors
Jason.strong@nats.co.uk
+44 1489 444701
NATS,
Corporate & Technical Centre,
4000/4200 Parkway
Whiteley,
Fareham,
Hampshire.
UK
PO15 7FL
Sustainable Energy – Sustainable ATC Surveillance Workshop – Eurocontrol, Brussels, April 2010
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