Creative industries-a
summary of international
research and comparisons
Applicant: Benhua Wang
Supervisor: Hong Wu
Presentation
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Many kinds of definitions on what activities should be
included in the creative industries have been put forward by
countries and international agencies. The paper made review
about them and analyzed the creative industries from four
aspects: the development of the creative industries; the
introduction of four classic definitions of creative industries;
the comparisons about the four classic creative industries
models; and the analysis of development trend. At last we get
conclusion about creative industries.
In the paper, we select four kinds of creative industries model
which have profound influences in the world as cases to
analyze. These four kinds of model include: UK DCMS
Model; WIPO Copyright Model; UNCTAD Economy Model;
China Model. We introduce the four kinds of models in detail
and analyze their advantages and the limitations they faced.
Then we make comparisons among these four kinds of
models.
Introduction
1. The origin of creative industries
The concept originate from the Austria in the
report “creative nation” in 1994;
The UK put forward the formal concept first in
the world in 1998 by DCMS (Department of
culture, media and sports)
2、The development of creative industry
Nordic region; the western Europe; the
eastern Europe; The developing countries;
international agencies.
3. Definition of Creative Industries
DCMS (Department of culture, media
and sports) Model definition
– Those industries which have their origin in
individual creativity, skill and talent and
which have a potential for wealth and job
creation through the generation and
exploitation of intellectual property.
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.
The current DCMS definition includes
thirteen creative sectors. They are:
Advertising; Architecture; Arts; Crafts;
Design; Fashion; Film & video;
interactive leisure Software; Music;
performing arts; Publishing;
Television; Radio
WIPO (World Intellectual Property
Organization) Copyright Model
Creative industries – industries that include
the cultural industries plus all cultural or
artistic production whether live or produced
as an individual unit. The creative
industries are those in which the product or
service contains a substantial element of
artistic or creative endeavor
Press and Literature; Music, Theatrical
Productions and Opera; Motion Picture,
Video and Sound; Radio and Television;
Photography, Visual and Graphic Arts,
Related Professional and Technical
Services; Software, Databases and New
Media; Advertising Services; Copyright
Collective Management Societie
UNCTAD (United Nations Conference
On Trade And Development) Model
 The creative industries:
 ■ are the cycles of creation, production and distribution of
goods and services that use creativity and intellectual
capital as primary inputs;
 ■ constitute a set of knowledge-based activities, focused
on but not limited to arts, potentially generating revenues
from trade and intellectual property rights;
 comprise tangible products and intangible
intellectual or artistic services with creative
content, economic value and market objectives;
 ■ are at the cross-road among the artisan,
services and industrial sectors; And constitute a
new dynamic sector in world trade
 The current UNCTAD definition recognizes four
creative sectors. They are: Art; heritage; media;
functional creations.
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Definition of creative industries in china
“to rely on the wisdom, skills and talents of
creative people, by means of high
technology to create and promote cultural
resources through the development and
use of intellectual property to produce high
value-added products and create the
industries with the wealth and potential
employment.
.
nine sectors: Culture and Arts; Press
and Publication; Radio, television, film;
software, network and computer
services; advertising exhibition; art
trade; Design Services; Travel and
entertainment; and other support
services
2.The introduction and assessment
about the classic creative
industry model
Why choose the DCMS Model, WIPO Model,
UNCTAD Model and China Model as cases
to analyze.
1. UK Model is mature compared to other
model.
2. The WIPO Model and UNCTAD Model has
been practiced in many countries
3. China is a classic example of developing
countries
DCMS model
1. The introduction to the DCMS Model
“Mapping the Creative Industries” released in
1998 and 2002.
2.The Analysis to the UK creative industry
with the DCMS Model
The indicator: Employment ; Firm activity ;
The contribution to the GDP ; exports
3. The Limitation on the DCMS Model
 Definition limitations
 Comparability limitations
 Classification limitations affecting data
availability
WIPO Copyright model
1.The introduction to the WIPO Copyright Model
The WIPO Guide on Surveying the Economic Contribution of the
Copyright-based Industries was published in 2003
2.The Analysis to JAMAICA creative industries with
the WIPO Copyright MODEL
Indicators:
• The levels of employment; characteristics of the
firms in the identified creative industries (including
their number, their size, turnover and profit
margins); and outputs,
• the value of exports;
• estimates of Gross Value Added
3.The limitation on the WIPO Copyright
Model
The limitations on Rights
 Limitations of Scope
Limitations of the Organization of
Statistics
UNCTAD MODEL
1. The introduction to the UNCTAD MODEL
Creative Industries and Development in 2004
“Creative Economy Report” in 2008 and 2010.
2.The Analysis to the creative industry with the
UNCTAD Model
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Employment;
Time use
Trade and value added
Copyright and IPR
3.The limitation of UNCTAD MODEL
 Dispute About the Employment
 Dispute about the Time use
 Dispute about Trade and value added
China creative Industries Model
1.The introduction to the China Creative
Industries Model
Beijing Cultural and Creative Industry
Classification Standard. 2007
2.The Analysis to China Creative Industries with
the China MODEL
Indicator: The contribution to the GDP,
employment, and the trade.
3.The limitation of china creative
industries model
 The copyright limitation
 The conception misunderstanding
The limitation: data
The comparison about the four
kinds of models
1. Make comparisons about the content of these models
Classification systems for the creative industries
derived from different models
 The DCMS Model is with the “industries-based”
as the guideline;
 The WIPO Model is with the “copyright-based” as
the guideline;
 The DCMS model is with the fuse of “industriesbased” and “copyright-based” as the guideline;
 The China model learned from UK and with the
“industries-based” as the guideline;
2. The means of measuring creative industry
3. The common questions all the
models faced
Firstly, each definition has many disputes and
can’t agree with each other.
Secondly, the reliability of the data
4.Looking into the Future of the
Creative Industries
 Convergence of classification
 Internationalization
 Refining the Methodology for Measuring
Intangible Assets