The Second Industrial
Revolution
(Started by steel and oil)
CHAPTER 6
(dismiss 1-5?)
The Age of Invention
• From 1865 to 1905 the US had a surge of
industrial growth which became known as the
Second Industrial Revolution
• What is the importance of the date 1865?
• This new era began with numerous discoveries
and inventions that spurred growth in
manufacturing, transportation, and Americans
everyday life
• As Coal spurred the initial industrial revolution,
Steel made the second industrial revolution
possible
• Steel was used in the construction of heavy
machinery that mass produced goods
More
• Originally converting iron ore into steel was too
expensive to be used until Henry Bessemer
• {Bessemer Process- burned all the impurities
in molten iron with hot air}
• The method produced more steel in one day
than the old method did in one week
• Alexander Holley improved the process and
steel production skyrocketed in U.S.
• {This production of steel used iron ore in the
Midwest brought through the great lakes into
towns like Cleveland and Pittsburg}
• These towns became major centers for steel
manufacturing
Steel was used for…
•
•
•
•
Railroad tracks
Bridges
Building frames
Machinery
• ( the more steel was
produced the cheaper
it was to buy)
This led to…
• Stronger longer
lasting rails
• Stronger bridges
• Taller multi-story
buildings
• More Jobs
• people moving into
cities
OIL
• Advancements in oil refinement also affected the
Industrial Revolution
• Originally oil was processed for Kerosene for
lamps to light a house
• A demand was growing for the oil so {Edwin
Drake drills for oil in Titusville, Pennsylvania}
• Drake’s Folly
• Drake strikes oil leading to oil boom
• Drakes success led others to drill for oil in other
parts of the country
Black Gold
• In Texas there was success
• Anthony F Lucas strikes oil
At Spindletop in Beaumont TX
• This started the TX oil boom
• 1902 20% of oil was produced at
spindletop alone
• By 1904 this production rate had dropped
off but there was still 10,000 barrels daily
Elijah McCoy
• The son of runaway slaves
• {Invented a lubricating cup that fed oil to
parts of machine while it was running}
• He received a Patent for his invention
• {PATENT A guarantee to protect an
inventors rights to make, use or sell his
invention.}
• This helped many kinds of machines
operate smoothly and quickly
Transportation
• Railroads- linked isolated areas to the rest of the
country
• Steel was so affordable it led to the railroads
laying more tracks
• {Prior to the Civil war railroads in the U.S.
averaged 100 miles in length}
• The first transcontinental railroad was completed
in1869
• Completed by Central Pacific and Union Pacific
Railroad companies
George Westinghouse
• Developed the Compressed airbrake
• This increased Railroad safety enabling the
locomotive and all cars to stop at the same time
• He also developed a communications system
that allowed trains and stations to talk to each
other
• Changes in track design also helped the rail
service
• {Standard gauge (width of the rails) allowed
people to stay on one railway line rather than
transfer trains constantly while traveling}
Effects of better transportation
• First railroads provided many of the
country’s jobs
• Building locomotives and rail cars spurred
on the steel industry
• Better faster transportation out west
increased western settlement
• Towns sprang up around railroad stations
• Companies could now sell products
nationally
The Car
• Also known as the Horseless Carriage
• {Innovations in Oil led to motors and the
car}
• Combustion engine powered by gas was
invented in 1876
• J Frank Duryea built the first practical
motor car in the U.S.
• Use of car was limited due to high cost
Airplanes
Flight
• The internal combustion engine also led to
advancements in flight
• Orville and Wilbur Wright developed one
of the first working airplanes
• Dec. 17, 1903 near {Kitty Hawk North
Carolina, Orville made the first piloted
flight}
• It lasted 12 seconds and went 120 feet, in
a powered plane
Telegraph and Telephone
• Telegraph invented by Samuel Morse 1837
• Telegraph grew with the railroad and offices
were located in train stations and strung wires
along the railroad lines
• Alexander Graham Bell in 1876 patented the
telephone
• Created jobs for women needed as operators
• Bell Telephone became one of the longest
lasting monopolies
{Wizard of Menlo Park
• Thomas Edison was home schooled}
• He went into the “invention business” by
opening a lab at Menlo Park and doing
research
• He promised a minor invention every 10
days and a major invention every 6
months
• He held more than 1,000 patents at his
death
Edison inventions
•
•
•
•
•
Phonograph
Electric vote recorder
Light bulb*
Improved telephone
Improved telegraph
•
•
•
•
•
Early motion pictures
Electric lamps
Typewriter
Electric printer
Electric motor
The War
Edison Vs Tesla
The Electric chair
AC vs. DC
Alternating current
Direct current
Review Questions
• What process burned all the impurities in molten
iron with hot air?
• Where did Drakes Folly happen?
• What is a guarantee to protect an inventors
rights to make, use or sell his invention?
• Prior to the Civil war how long were the average
railroads?
The End
Board Work
• Graphic Organizer p 193
• Describe the effect of the innovation of the
airplane on Daily life from the perspective of
someone from the early 1900’s. Include the
ideas of the past the present and dream of the
future
• Imagine that you are a newspaper reporter and
you are covering Edison's lab, write an article
over what you see coming out of the lab