Course Overview – 2013
Course T.A. – Ehsan Esfahani
Room 508 – Frank Forward Building
 Email: ehsan.esfahani@gmail.com
 Office Hours: TBA

Second T.A. – Helen SEGARTY

Email: hsegarty@shaw.ca
Course Instructor – John Meech

Room 508D – Frank Forward Building
Email: cerm3dir@mining.ubc.ca
 Email: jameech@gmail.com


Office Hours: at your convenience
Phone: 604-822-3984
 Mobile: 604-761-0472

My Career

Degrees
 B. Eng.(Met.) - Metallurgical Engineering – McGill (1970)
 M.Sc.(Eng.) - Mining Engineering
– Queen’s (1975)
 Ph.D.
- Mineral Processing
– Queen’s (1979)

Began my career in Zambia (4 years)
 Luanshya, Mufulira, and Baluba Mines

Worked at Queen’s for 16 years in the Mining Department
Worked at U.B.C. for 23 years in the Mining Department
Have worked/visited mines on all continents

Current Research focus


 Process Automation and Integration (Robotics)
 Environmental Control and Mitigation
 Energy Use (comminution) and Sources (geothermal)
My Philosophy

On Mining
 Most exciting industry anywhere in the world
 Mining is a positive force in creating a modern, vibrant society
 Mining is changing significantly with respect to Sustainability
( environment, socio-political, techno-economic)

On Education





Learning and Teaching should be “FUN”
Learning and Teaching should be “CHALLENGING”
Co-operation is a key element to success
There is no such thing as a “STUPID QUESTION”
On Life
 If your career is half as satisfying as mine you are in for a great time
 Travel the World – there is so much diversity to see and enjoy
 Golden Retrievers are smarter than Humans!
My Philosophy

On Mining
 Most exciting industry anywhere in the world
 Mining is a positive force in creating a modern, vibrant society
 Mining is changing significantly with respect to Sustainability
( environment, socio-political, techno-economic)

On Education





Learning and Teaching should be “FUN”
Learning and Teaching should be “CHALLENGING”
Co-operation is a key element to success
There is no such thing as a “STUPID QUESTION”
On Life
 If your career is half as satisfying as mine you are in for a great time
 Travel the World – there is so much diversity to see and enjoy
 Golden Retrievers are smarter than Humans!
The Mining Faculty

Bern Klein – Head of Department
 Mineral Processing
 Rheology
 Comminution

Michael Hitch – Assistant Professor
 Mine Management
 Orebody Modeling
 Carbon Dioxide Sequestration

Marek Pawlik – Associate Professor




Graduate Studies Advisor and Assistant Head
Flotation
Coal Processing
Surface Chemistry
The Mining Faculty

Marcello Veiga – Professor
 Mineral Processing
 Mining and the Environment (mercury and small-scale mining)
 Process Mineralogy

Scott Dunbar – Associate Professor
 Undergraduate Advisor and Assistant Head
 Mine Economics
 Feasibility Studies

Maria Holuszko – Instructor
 Coal Preparation
 Applied Mineralogy
The Mining Faculty

Robert Hall – Associate Professor / Associate Dean
 Maintenance Engineering
 Ventilation

Dirk Van Zyl – Professor
 Mine Waste Management
 Mine Life Cycle Analysis

Malcolm Scoble – Professor
 Surface Mining
 Sustainable Mining

Davide Elmo – Assistant Professor
• Rock Mechanics
Outline
Importance of MINE 292
 Relationship between Mining and Processing
 Goals – mine and yours
 Teaching and Learning Environment
 Field Trip
 Performance Evaluation

Importance of Course
Sets up the field of Mineral Processing
 Connects ore extraction (mining) with
value extraction (processing)
 Mineral Processing Courses (core)

 MINE 224 - Mineralogy for Mining Engineering
 MINE 331 - Physical Mineral Processes
 MINE 333 - Flotation
 MINE 391 - Mining and the Environment
 MINE 432 - Industrial Automation and Robotics
 MINE 491 - Mine and Plant Feasibility
2nd Year - 39 Credits
TERM 1
Credits
1. EOSC 210 - Earth Sciences for Engineers
3
2. MECH 260 - Mechanics of Materials
3
3. MINE 291 - Introduction to Mining
3
4. MINE 224 - Mineralogy for Mining Engineering 4
5. MATH 255 - Differential Equations
3
6. MATH 253 – Multi-variable Calculus
3
7. MINE 293 - Seminar
----------------------------------------------------Total = 19
----------------------------------------------------TERM 2
Credits
1. APSC 201 - Technical Communications
3
2. CIVL 210 - Soil Mechanics
4
3. MINE 292 - Introduction to Processing
3
4. MINE 251 - Mining Statistics
3
5. MECH 280 - Fluid Mechanics
3
6. Complementary Studies Elective
3
7. MINE 293 - Seminar
1
----------------------------------------------------Total = 20
3rd Year - 39 Credits
TERM 1
Credits
1. APSC 278/9 - Engineering Materials / Lab
4
2. EECE 263 - Basic Circuit Analysis
3
3. MINE 302 - Underground Mine Design
3
4. MINE 310 - Surface Mining and Design
3
5. MINE 331 - Unit Operations
3
6. Technical Elective (free choice)
3
7. MINE 393 - Seminar
----------------------------------------------------Total = 19
----------------------------------------------------TERM 2
Credits
1. MINE 304 - Rock Fragmentation
3
2. MINE 305 - Geomechanics Fundamentals
4
3. MINE 333 - Flotation
3
4. MINE 395 - Ore Deposit Models
3
5. MINE 396 - Mine Economics
3
6. Technical Elective (free choice)
3
7. MINE 393 - Seminar
1
----------------------------------------------------Total = 20
4th Year - 37 Credits
TERM 1
Credits
1. MINE 402 - Mine Ventilation, Health & Safety
3
2. MINE 391 - Mining and the Environment
3
3. MINE 432 - Industrial Automation & Robotics
3
4. MINE 491 - Mine and Plant Feasibility
5/6. Tech. Elective (403 or 434) and (free choice) 6
7. MINE 493 Seminar
8. Complementary Studies Elective
3
-------------------------------------------------------Total = 18
-------------------------------------------------------TERM 2
Credits
1. APSC 450 - Professional Engineering Practice
2
2. MINE 404 - Mine Life Cycle Systems
3
3. MINE 365 - Mine Power & Infrastructure
3
4. MINE 491 - Mine and Plant Feasibility
4
5. MINE 480 - Mine Waste Management
3
6. Technical Elective (482 or 462)
3
7. MINE 493 Seminar
1
-------------------------------------------------------Total = 19
Mineral Processing Electives
 Constrained
 MINE 434 - Processing Precious Metal Ores
 MINE 462 - Coal Preparation Technology
 Free Choices
 MINE 435 - Plant and Process Design
 MINE 496 - Advanced Computer Applications in Mining
Other Elective Choices in MINE
 MINE 403 - Rock Mechanics Design
 MINE 482 - Maintenance Engineering
 MINE 433 - Surface Properties of Fine Particles
 MINE 488 - Oil Sands Mining Technology
 MINE 497 - Directed Studies (faculty permission)
 MINE 497H - Autonomous Ground Vehicles
 MINE 497Z - Geothermal Systems
Relevant Electives Outside MINE
 CHBE 480 - Hazardous Waste Processing Technology
 CHEM 251 - Physical Chemistry for Engineers
 EOSC 329 - Groundwater Hydrology
 EOSC 433 - Geotechnical Engineering Practice
 CIVL 235 - Plane Surveying (4 credits)
 MMAT 358 - Hydrometallurgy
Mining and Processing Relationship

Mining extracts solid material from the Earth

Processing extracts valuable material from
the ore or rock
• Material is known as ore or rock
• Generally the method used is Physical Separation
• Chemistry is important in virtually all processes
• Product is an assemblage of Minerals or Metals

All Mines have a Processing Plant
• Called a Mill or a Concentrator or a Recovery Plant
My Goals

To impart knowledge about Mineral Processing
• fundamental knowledge
• experiential knowledge

To teach you to “think” rather than “cook”

To encourage you to consider a career path in
Mineral Processing

To encourage those who choose a Mining career
to have an appreciation for Mineral Processing
Your Goals
To acquire knowledge on Mineral Processing
 To develop the skills to advance into our
upper-year Processing and Mining courses
 To begin developing a successful career path
as a Mining Engineer

 To obtain a great summer jobs
 To make money
 To travel around the world
 To work either in remote communities or large cities
 To enjoy life to the greatest extent of your abilities
Teaching & Learning Environment

Lectures
 Tuesdays
 Thursdays

@ 2:00pm – 4:00pm – FORW 303
@ 2:00pm – 3:00pm – CHEM C124
Tutorials, Seminars, Laboratories
 Thursdays @ 3:00pm – 5:00pm – CHEN C124
CMP Lab
Internet web site – www.jmeech.mining.ubc.ca/mine290.htm
 On-line Notes: Proc/ES – An Expert System on Mineral Processing
http://www.jmeech.mining.ubc.ca/MINE290/proces/index.php

Teaching & Learning Environment

Assignments – 6 in total plus field trip

Laboratories – 5 in total

Term Assignment for APSC 201 – groups of 3
 Prepare a paper
 Prepare a class presentation
Assignments
1.
Mass Balance 1
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Particle Size Analysis & Partition Curves
Work Index Calculations
Pulp Density Calculations
Mass Balance 2
Economics of Processing - smelter contracts
Assignments are due one week after issue
 Late penalty is 1 mark / day including weekends

Laboratories
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Grinding and Particle Size
Physical Separation - shaking table
Physical Separation - electrostatic separator
Flotation
Thickening and Filtration
Reports are due one week after completion
 Late penalty is 1 mark / day including weekends

Field Trip
Visit to Copper Mountain Mine, Princeton
○ Potential date – Thursday, March 14th
○ Bus leaves at 6:00am – returns at 9:30pm
293 km
3:46 h:m
BC-1 E and Crowsnest Hwy/BC-3 E
We will visit mine, mill, and tailings dam
Questions to be answered will be
handed-out on the bus
Princeton
Copper Mountain Mine
Schedule – Week 1

Lecture 1 – Thurs. Jan. 3, 2:00pm
 Course Overview

Lecture 2 – Thurs. Jan. 4, 3:00pm
• Material Balances

Tutorial 1: Mass Balances 1
Schedule – Week 2

Lecture 3 – Tues. Jan. 8, 2:00pm
 Background on the Mining Industry

Lecture 4 – Tues. Jan. 8, 3:00pm
 Principles of Mineral Processing

Lecture 5 – Thurs. Jan 10, 2:00pm
• Comminution Practice - 1
Group A - Lab 1 – Thurs. Jan 10, 3:00-5:00
 Group B - Tutorial 2 – Thurs. Jan. 10, 3:00-5:00

 Particle Size Analysis and Partition Curves
Schedule – Week 3

Lecture 6 – Tues. Jan. 15, 2:00pm
 Comminution Practice - 2

Lecture 7 – Tues. Jan. 15, 3:00pm
 Comminution Practice - 3

Lecture 8 – Thurs. Jan 17, 2:00pm
• Comminution Practice - 4
Group B - Lab 1 – Thurs. Jan 17, 3:00-5:00
 Group A - Tutorial 2 – Thurs. Jan. 17, 3:00-5:00

 Particle Size Analysis and Partition Curves
Schedule – Week 4

Lecture 9 – Tues. Jan. 22, 2:00pm
 Separation Processes - 1

Lecture 10 – Tues. Jan. 22, 3:00pm
 Separation Processes - 2

Lecture 11 – Thurs. Jan 24, 2:00pm
• Separation Processes - 3
Group A - Lab 2 – Thurs. Jan 24, 3:00-5:00
 Group B - Tutorial 3 – Thurs. Jan. 24, 3:00-5:00

 Work Index Calculations
Schedule – Week 5

Lecture 12 – Tues. Jan. 29, 2:00pm
 Separation Processes - 4

Lecture 13 – Tues. Jan. 29, 3:00pm
 Separation Processes - 5

Lecture 14 – Thurs. Jan 31, 2:00pm
• Separation Processes - 6
Group B - Lab 2 – Thurs. Jan 31, 3:00–5:00
 Group A - Tutorial 3 – Thurs. Jan. 31, 3:00–5:00

 Work Index Calculations
Schedule – Week 6

Lecture 15 – Tues. Feb. 5, 2:00pm
 Flotation - 1

Lecture 16 – Tues. Feb. 5, 3:00pm
 Flotation - 2

Lecture 17 – Thurs. Feb. 7, 2:00pm
• Flotation - 3
Group A - Lab 3 – Thurs. Feb. 7, 3:00–5:00
 Group B - Tutorial 4 – Thurs. Feb. 7, 3:00–5:00

 Pulp Density Calculations
Schedule – Week 7

Lecture 18 – Tues. Feb 26, 2:00pm
 Flotation 4

Lecture 19 – Tues. Feb. 26, 3:00pm
 Flotation 5

Lecture 20 – Thurs. Feb. 14, 2:00pm
• Flotation Machines
Group B - Lab 3 – Thurs. Feb. 14, 3:00–5:00
 Group A - Tutorial 4 – Thurs. Feb. 14, 3:00–5:00

 Pulp Density Calculations
Schedule – Week 8
Feb. 18 – Feb. 22
READING WEEK
Schedule – Week 9

Mid-Term Exam – Tues. Feb. 26, 2:00-4:00

Lecture 21 – Thurs. Feb. 28, 2:00pm
 Flotation Economics
Group A - Lab 4 – Thurs. Feb. 28, 2:00-5:00
 Group B - Tutorial 5 – Thurs. Feb. 28, 2:00-5:00

 Mass Balances 2
Schedule – Week 10

Lecture 22 – Tues. Mar. 5, 2:00pm – 3:00pm
 Dewatering Practices

Lecture 23 – Tues. Mar. 5, 3:00pm – 4:00pm
 Gold Processing 1

Lecture 24 – Thurs. Mar. 7, 2:00pm
 Gold Processing 1
Group B - Lab 4 – Thurs. Mar. 7, 2:00-5:00
 Group A - Tutorial 5 – Thurs. Mar. 7, 2:00-5:00

 Mass Balances 2
Schedule – Week 11

Lecture 25 - Tues. Mar. 12, 2:00pm
• Gold Processing 2

Lecture 26 - Tues. Mar. 12, 3:00pm
 Uranium Processing

Field Trip to Copper Mountain, Princeton, B.C.
 Mar. 14, 6:00am – 9:30pm
Questions to be Answered will be handed out
on bus
Schedule – Week 12
Lecture 27 - Tues. Mar. 19, 2:00pm
• Coal Processing
 Lecture 28 - Tues. Mar. 19, 3:00pm

 Oil Sands Processing
Lecture 29 - Tues. Mar. 21, 2:00pm
• Hydrometallurgy 1
 Group A - Lab 5 – Thurs. Mar. 21, 2:00-5:00
 Group B - Tutorial 6 – Thurs. Mar. 21, 2:00-5:00

 Smelter Contracts
Schedule – Week 13

Guest Lecturer - Thurs. Mar. 21, 2:00-4:00pm

Lecture 30 – Thurs. Mar. 28, 2:00pm
 Tailings Disposal and Environmental Issues
Group B - Lab 5 – Thurs. Mar. 28, 2:00-5:00
 Group A - Tutorial 6 – Thurs. Mar. 28, 2:00-5:00

 Smelter Contracts
Schedule – Week 14

Lecture 31 - Tues. Apr. 2, 1:00pm
 Tailings Dam Construction

Lecture 32 - Tues. Apr. 2, 2:00pm
 Environmental Issues

Lecture 33/34/35 - Tues. Apr. 2, 2:00-5:00pm
 Course Review
Performance Evaluation
Assignments/Lab Reports (6/5)
Field Trip Report
Mid-term Test
Final Examination
Total =
%
45
10
15
30
100
To pass the course, the average mark from the
Mid-term together with the Final Exam must be
greater than 50%
Suggestions
 Become a student member of CIM - $21.40
(Canadian Institute of Mining - www.cim.org)
Discount rates on texts & conferences
CIM Magazine
 Become a student member of SME - $15 US
(Society of Mining Engineers www.smenet.org)
Great discounts on mining textbooks
Online textbooks & Mining Engineering magazine
More Suggestions
• Read the trade journals
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
CIM Magazine
Canadian Mining Journal
SME’s Mining Engineering
EMJ
International Mining & Minerals
The Northern Miner
The Globe and Mail
The Canadian Mining Industry
• Employs 350,000 people across Canada
 one of every 40 workers
• Our exports are worth $51 billion per year
 one of every 7 dollars
 represents 14% of Canadian exports
• Every mining job creates at least one additional
indirect job in the Canadian economy.
The BC Mining Industry
• $9 billion industry
• 7% of the province’s GDP
• Second largest resource industry
• Employs 30,000 people, paying the highest wages
and benefits of any industry
• In the Vancouver area, there are over 850 mining
and exploration companies, over 400 mining
equipment suppliers, consulting firms and service
providers.
How significant?
• Canada is among the top 10 world producers
of 18 major metals/minerals in 2011
Number 1
Potash
Number 2
Uranium
Number 3
Aluminum , Titanium
Number 4
Sulfur , Nickel
Number 5
Diamonds, PGMs, Asbestos, Cd,
Gypsum, Co, Zn, Mo, NaCl
Number 7
Gold
Number 9
Copper, Lead
Number 11
Silver
CANADIAN MINERAL
PRODUCTION VALUE
2010
2011
Change
($B)
($B)
(%)
Metals
21.39
25.26
18.3
Nonmetals
14.70
18.04
22.7
Total non-fuels
36.06
43.30
20.1
Coal
5.54
7.05
27.2
Total production
41.60
50.35
21.0
Commodity Group
CANADIAN MINERAL
PRODUCTION VALUE
2011 Production
Change
2011 Value
Change
Metals
Thousand
tonnes
(%)
($B)
(%)
Gold (tonnes)
98.17
-3.9
4.741
14.4
Iron Ore
33,573
-7.2
5.329
0.3
Copper
551
8.5
5.012
27.2
Nickel
212
35.7
5.087
44.9
Uranium
8.7
-12.5
1.089
-11.5
Zinc
576
-5.5
1.296
-4.4
Others
-
-
2.705
45.2
Total
-
25.250
18.3
CANADIAN MINERAL
PRODUCTION VALUE
2011 Production
Change
2011 Value
Change
Non-Metallic Minerals
Thousand
tonnes
(%)
($B)
(%)
Potash (K2O)
11,005
13.5
7.97
57.5
Diamonds (1,000 carats)
10,795
-8.5
2.52
6.1
Sand & Gravel
206,975
-2.1
1.54
-1.9
Cement
11,972
3.9
1.59
5.2
Stone
167,716
-1.7
1.52
-7.1
Salt
12,315
19.8
0.70
16.2
Others
-
-
2.18
13.0
Total
-
-
18.04
22.7
66,736
-2.1
7.05
27.2
Fuels
Coal
2011 REGIONAL PRODUCTION
Total
Share
Population
($B)
(%)
(%)
Newfoundland/Labrador
5.190
10.3
1.5
Prince Edward Island
0.003
0.0
0.4
Nova Scotia
0.247
0.5
2.8
New Brunswick
1.308
2.6
2.2
Quebec
7.750
15.4
23.1
Ontario
10.663
21.2
38.8
Manitoba
1.835
3.6
3.6
Saskatchewan
9.213
18.3
3.1
Alberta
2.587
5.1
11.0
British Columbia
8.592
17.1
13.3
Yukon
0.402
0.8
0.1
Northwest Territories
2.144
4,3
0.1
Nunavut
0.414
0.8
0.1
Total
50.348
100.0
100.0
Province or Territory
U.S. Oil Production
Hubbard’s Peak occurred in 1973
Canadian Petroleum Production
Canada supplies the U.S. with more petroleum than Saudi Arabia
(50% of our oil consumption derives from the oil sands)
Canadian Petroleum Production
Shale Gas Facts
Shale Oil Facts
www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy/sources/crude/2114
www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy/sources/natural-gas/1570
Pipeline Facts
www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy/sources/natural-gas/pipeline-faq/2248
Canadian Petroleum Production
Where does most of our petroleum come from these days?
Athabasca Oil Sands, Alberta
Conventional Oil Wells – Alberta
Hibernia Oil Platform
Terra Nova oil field
White Rose oil field - (2014)
50%
5%
30%
15%
Canadian Petroleum Production
Athabasca Oil Sands, Alberta
Canadian Petroleum Production
Athabasca Oil Sands, Alberta
Canadian Petroleum Production
Athabasca Oil Sands, Alberta
Canadian Petroleum Production
Athabasca Oil Sands, Alberta
Canadian Petroleum Production
Athabasca Oil Sands, Alberta
- 35-43% now produced in-situ (will overtake 2023)
- 65-57% is mined (close to surface - 400 m)
- Shell Canada CEO estimates 2 trillion barrels
- Official reserves = 178 billion barrels
- 2010 Production = 1,600,000 bbl/day
- 2020 Production = 3,000,000 bbl/day(est.)
- 2030 Production = 5,000,000 bbl/day (est.)
-
Current annual production value = $55.5B
Canadian Petroleum Production
Hibernia Oil Platform
http://www.hibernia.ca/
North Atlantic Ocean, 315 km E-SE of St. John's
World's largest oil platform
Owners
ExxonMobil Canada (33%)
Chevron Canada Resources (27%)
Suncor (20%),
Canada Hibernia Holding Corp (8.5%)
Murphy Oil (6.5%)
Statoil Ltd (5%)
Production
- initial 50,000 bbl in 1997
- 1997 - 2010 = 704,000,000 bbl
Reserves = 1.395 B bbl
Canadian Petroleum Production
Terra Nova oil field
North Atlantic Ocean 350 km off coast of Newfoundland
Discovered in 1984 by Petro-Canada / Production began 2002
Owners
Suncor (33%) - operator
Exxon Mobil (22%)
Statoil (15%)
Husky (12.5%)
Murphy Oil (10.5%)
Mosbacher Operating Ltd. (3.5%)
Chevron (1%)
Others (1.5%)
Reserves = est. 406 M bbl
Production
Peak Production =125,000 bbl per day
Project Life = 18 years
Other Oil Sands and Oil Shales
Natural bitumen is reported in 598 deposits in 23 countries,
Total Oil in place is estimated at:
Discovered:
Total estimated:
2.5 trillion barrels
3.3 trillion barrels
Natural bitumen reserves are estimated at:
Total:
Canada:
Kazakhstan:
U.S. (Utah):
Russia:
Congo:
250 billion barrels
177 billion barrels
42 billion barrels
32 billion barrels
28 billion barrels
0.5 – 2.5 billion barrels
Heavy crude oil reserves:
Venezuela:
~260 billion barrels
Oil Shales (Kerogen)
Total
~ 3 trillion barrels
U.S.
1.8 trillion barrels
Shale Gas – N.A.’s Game-Changer
•
•
•
•
•
Natural Gas formed from being trapped within shale formations
Shale gas is becoming increasingly important source of NG
Market share in 2000 = 1%
Market share in 2010 = 20%
Market share by 2035 = 46% est.