Landscape Design Principles
&
Concepts
Horticulture I CP
Mr. Traeger
March 2014
Introductory Horticulture
Landscape Design Principles and Concepts
Hort I CP
Big Idea:
To apply the principles of landscaping, maintenance, & xeriscaping to an actual
setting to understand the goals of the landscape profession.
Essential Question:
How can a well designed landscape benefit the environment the property owners.
PA Standards for Environment & Ecology:
Lessons Objectives:
• List the main objectives of good residential landscaping.
• List the five principles of landscape design & examples of an application of
each principle.
• List the technical procedures for landscape maintenance.
• Calculate the volume of mulch needed to cover a landscape bed.
• List the basic concepts of xeriscaping.
• Identify plants that can be used in a xeriscape setting.
• List the ways the soil can be improved to conserve water.
• Explain why mulches are important to landscaping.
• Explain what a water garden is.
• List the different types of irrigation systems used in the United States.
• List five green roof plants.
• List three hardscape paving and three softscape paving materials.
• Describe the three major career fields within the landscape profession.
I. The Landscape Industry.
• A. Professional Careers
– Landscape architects: professionals who integrate
the disciplines of science & art and know how
plants & landscape factors will react to the
environment around them.
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4 or 5 years of college required
State license required
On the job training.
Experience with 3-D computer designs.
I. Landscape Industry.
• B. Landscape Plan
– The landscape plan is a collection of graphic
symbols that represent trees, shrubs, flowers,
buildings and other constructed materials
necessary to the proposed landscape.
B. Landscape Plan example.
II. The Objectives of
Residential Landscaping.
• The objective of residential landscaping are to serve
the needs and desires of people in development of
the outdoor environment.
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Outdoor living space
Children’s play area
Flower gardens
Vegetable gardens
Pool or hot tub
Dog runs
Outdoor kitchen
A. Goals of
Residential Landscaping.
• To determine the exact landscape needs and desires
of the homeowners.
• To determine the capabilities of the land (site) to
fulfill those needs & desires.
• To develop the outdoor living areas of the landscape
in a manner similar to the way indoor living areas are
developed.
• To design the landscape in such a way that
maintenance practices do not exceed that which the
homeowner is willing to do.
• To keep costs within the budget of the homeowner.
B. Client Survey.
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How many family members are there? What are their ges?
How much does the family use the outdoor areas around the home?
Does the family entertain frequently? Large groups or small groups?
How much privacy from the neighbors and passing cars do they desire?
How much maintenance are they willing to do in the upkeep of the
landscape?
• Are there certain plants they are fond of, dislike, or are allergic to?
III. Drawing Instruments
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T-Square
Lettering Template
45/45 degree & 45/90 degree triangles
Compass
Protractor
French Curve
Architect Scale
Rolling Ruler
III. Drawing Instruments
III. Drawing Instruments
A. Landscape Scale
A. Landscape Scale
IV. Lettering
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Lettering Lines: 3 horizontal lines ¼” apart.
Letters & Numbers are written block style.
DO NOT MIX UPPER & LOWER CASE LETTERS!
Do not crowd letters.
Do not over space letters.
IV. Lettering Examples
IV. Lettering Examples.
V. Views
• Functional View
– Initial design concept, permits the client and
designer to work through the design concept.
V. Views
• Plan View
– Common drawing prepared by a landscaper,
drawn to scale and viewed as seen from above.
V. Views
• Plan View
V. Views
• Plan View
V. Views
• Elevation View
– Scaled drawing, with both horizontal & vertical
dimensions.
V. Views
• Perspective Views
– Allows multiple sides of a proposed project to be seen in one drawing.
– Though drawn to scale none of the lines are measurable because of
receding lines.
V. Views
• Axonometric View
– Scaled drawing, views multiple sides.
V. Views
• Axonometric View
VI. Landscape Symbols
VI. Landscape Symbols
VI. Landscape Symbols
VI. Landscape Symbols
• Deciduous Trees
VI. Landscape Symbols
VI. Landscape Symbols
• Vines.
VI. Landscape Symbols
• Construction Symbols
VII. Labeling
• Plant Species Code