National Institute of Science & Technology
Technical Seminar Presentation - 2004
Technical Seminar
on
Smart Card
Presented by
Rajashree Mohapatra
IT200163383
Under the Guidance of
Mr. Dutikrushna Panda
Presented By : Rajashree Mohapatra (IT200163383)
[1]
National Institute of Science & Technology
Technical Seminar Presentation - 2004
What are Smart Cards?
Smart Cards are cards similar in shape
and size to a plastic credit card, containing
a microprocessor and memory (which allows
it to store and process data) and complying
with the ISO 7816 standard.
In layman’s terms a Smart Card is avery small computer
embedded on a plastic card
Presented By : Rajashree Mohapatra (IT200163383)
[2]
National Institute of Science & Technology
Technical Seminar Presentation - 2004
Smart Card Classification
SMART CARD
component
MEMORY
CHIP
Interface
osused
contact
java
contactless
mulos
Hybrid
Presented By : Rajashree Mohapatra (IT200163383)
[3]
National Institute of Science & Technology
Technical Seminar Presentation - 2004
Component Based Classification
Memory Card Architecture
EEPROM
I/O
Interface
Security Logic
ROM
Presented By : Rajashree Mohapatra (IT200163383)
[4]
National Institute of Science & Technology
Technical Seminar Presentation - 2004
Component Based Classification
Chip Card Architecture
ROM
EEPROM
RAM
Security Logic
CPU
I/O Interface
Presented By : Rajashree Mohapatra (IT200163383)
[5]
National Institute of Science & Technology
Technical Seminar Presentation - 2004
Smart Card Components
Carrier: The basic material of which the card body is made.
• Carrier should be :
– Resistant to mechanical failure.
– Able to withstand high temperatures.
– Cheap
• PVC [Poly Vinyl Chloride], ABS [Acrylonitrile Butadiene
Styrene] and PETP [Poly Ethylene Terephthalate] often
used.
– PVC: All rounder
– ABS: Brittle but withstands higher temperatures
– PETP: High flexibility
Presented By : Rajashree Mohapatra (IT200163383)
[6]
National Institute of Science & Technology
Technical Seminar Presentation - 2004
Smart Card Components
Processor or the CPU
• Currently all processors are 8 bit ones with CISC
architecture.
• Typical Clock Speeds: 5 MHz.
• Reasons:
– Card Companies want proven modules.
– Lower power consumption.
– Area limitations.
• Future: Will slowly move to 32 bit architecture due to
JavaCards.
Presented By : Rajashree Mohapatra (IT200163383)
[7]
National Institute of Science & Technology
Technical Seminar Presentation - 2004
Smart Card Components
ROM: Read Only Memory
• Used for storing fixed programs. Holds the SCOS.
• Typically varies from 2KB to around 16 KB.
• Once written, cannot be changed.
• Occupies the least area.
PROM: Programmable Read Only Memory
• Used for loading card serial number.
• Very small, typically just 32 bytes.
Presented By : Rajashree Mohapatra (IT200163383)
[8]
National Institute of Science & Technology
Technical Seminar Presentation - 2004
Smart Card Components
EEPROM: Electrically Erasable Read Only Memory
• Used for storing data that might change. Similar to a HDD.
• Holds various applications and their data.
• Can be read or written to subject to permissions.
• Typically varies from 2KB to 32 KB depending on need.
RAM: Random Access Memory
• Used as temporary storage.
• Erased on power off.
• Typically varies between 128 Bytes to 512 Bytes.
Presented By : Rajashree Mohapatra (IT200163383)
[9]
National Institute of Science & Technology
Technical Seminar Presentation - 2004
Smart Card Components
I/O Interface: Input Output Interface
• Controls data flow to and from the card.
• Flow occurs one bit at a time in a half duplex manner.
• Typical Data flow rate is 9600 bits/sec.
Smart Card Area Restrictions
• Reasons for 25 mm2 restriction.
• How it effects component selection
Area required to hold 1 bit with various memories:
– ROM
10µm x 10µm = 100 µm2
– EEPROM
20µm x 20µm = 400 µm2
– RAM
40µm x 40µm = 1600 µm2
Presented By : Rajashree Mohapatra (IT200163383)
[10]
National Institute of Science & Technology
Technical Seminar Presentation - 2004
Smart Card Readers
• Smart Card by itself is useless. Requires a reader.
• Reader is often called the Read-Write Unit as it can read as
well as write to the card.
• Readers of two types:
– Insertion Readers: Cheaper, but manual.
[Card Swipe Machine]
– Motorized Readers: Automatic card capture and release. Costly.
[Bank ATM Machines]
• Cost of a reader varies from $10 to $100.
• Readers often come with keypad for entry of PIN.
Presented By : Rajashree Mohapatra (IT200163383)
[11]
National Institute of Science & Technology
Technical Seminar Presentation - 2004
Smart Card Standards
• Standards necessary to encourage interoperability.
• Main Standards connected to Smart Cards:
–
–
–
–
ISO 7816
EMV
GSM
OCF
Presented By : Rajashree Mohapatra (IT200163383)
[12]
National Institute of Science & Technology
Technical Seminar Presentation - 2004
Smart Card Applications
• Telephony
– Pre-paid Telephone Cards
– Mobile Telephony
•
•
•
•
Financial Cards
Health
Transport
Access Control
Presented By : Rajashree Mohapatra (IT200163383)
[13]
National Institute of Science & Technology
Technical Seminar Presentation - 2004
Advantages
• Chip is tamper_resistent.
• Information stored on the card can be PIN protected and/or
read write protected.
• Capable of performing data encryption
• Capable of processing info.
• Post_issuance update of information and application.
Presented By : Rajashree Mohapatra (IT200163383)
[14]
National Institute of Science & Technology
Technical Seminar Presentation - 2004
Disadvantage
• The biggest problem facing smart cards is security and the problem is
two fold. The first issue is that not all smart cards are in fact secure.
• The second issue with security involves public perception of the
technology. People must believe that the cards are secure. This
depends to a great extent upon actual security, but people must also be
convinced of it.
• A third issue concerns who holds responsibility for the card. If the cash
balance is wiped clean by a memory failure, who is liable, the person
or the bank? If a transaction is not recorded, where are the lines
drawn?
• The final problem which smart cards will face in their move to diffuse
extensively involves product complements
Presented By : Rajashree Mohapatra (IT200163383)
[15]
National Institute of Science & Technology
Technical Seminar Presentation - 2004
Thank you
Presented By : Rajashree Mohapatra (IT200163383)
[16]
National Institute of Science & Technology
Technical Seminar Presentation - 2004
Presented By : Rajashree Mohapatra (IT200163383)
[17]