MINING CHARTER
Review
Growth & Transformation
Neale Baartjes
19 April 2011
Mineral Resource Consultant
Mines and Works Act
27/1956 S9
Mineral Technology Act
30/1989
Geoscience Act
100/1993
Mine Health and Safety Act
29/1996
Mineral and Petroleum
Resources Development Act
28/2002
Mining Titles Registration
Amendment Act
24/2003
Diamond Amendment Act
29/2005
Precious Metal Act
37/2005
Mineral and Petroleum
Resources Amendment Bill
April 2007
Mine Health and Safety
Amendment Bill
2008
Mines and Works Act
27/1956 S9
Mineral Technology Act
30/1989
Geoscience Act
100/1993
Mine Health and Safety Act
29/1996
Mineral and Petroleum
Resources Development Act
28/2002
Mining Titles Registration
Mining Charter
Amendment Act
2004
24/2003
Diamond Amendment Act
29/2005
Precious Metal Act
37/2005
Mineral and Petroleum
Resources Amendment Bill
April 2007
Mine Health and Safety
Amendment Bill
2008
LEGISLATIVE ENVIRONMENT
SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
MPRDA
Broader
Legislative
Framework
(Governance)
(People)
(Planet)
(Prosperity)
Legal Framework
Social
Environment
Economy
Reporting and
Auditing
Social &
Labour
Plan
Environmental
Management
Plan
Mine
Work
Plan
Constitution of
South Africa
Act 108 of 1996
Skills Development
Act
Act 97 of 1998
National Environmental
Management Act
Act 107 of 1998
Companies
Act
Act 61 of 1973
HISTORY
2002
MPRDA Published
May 2004
MPRDA Promulgated
Oct 2009 -
Mining Charter Impact Assessment Report
Jun 2010-
Stakeholder’s Declaration on Strategy for the Sustainable
growth and meaningful transformation of South Africa’s
Mining Industry
Sep 2010-
Amendment of the broad-based socio-economic
empowerment charter for the South African Mining and
Minerals Industry
TRANSFORMATION OF MINERALS INDUSTRY
s100.
(1) The Minister must, within five years from the date on which this Act took effect—
(a) and after consultation with the Minister for Housing, develop a housing and
living conditions standard for the minerals industry; and
(b) develop a code of good practice for the minerals industry in the Republic.
(2) (a) To ensure the attainment of Government’s objectives of redressing historical,
social and economic inequalities as stated in the Constitution, the Minister must within
six months from the date on which this Act takes effect develop a broad-based
socio-economic empowerment Charter that will set the framework, targets and
time-table for effecting the entry of historically disadvantaged South Africans into the
mining industry, and allow such South Africans to benefit from the exploitation of
mining and mineral resources.
(b) The Charter must set out, amongst others how the objects referred to in section
2(c), (d), (e), (f) and (i) can be achieved.
2(c), promote equitable access to the nation’s mineral and petroleum resources to all
the people of South Africa;
(d), substantially and meaningfully expand opportunities for historically disadvantaged
persons, including women, to enter the mineral and petroleum industries and to
benefit from the exploitation of the nation’s mineral and petroleum resources;
(e), promote economic growth and mineral and petroleum resources development in
the Republic;
(f) promote employment and advance the social and economic welfare of all
South Africans;
and (i) ensure that holders of mining and production rights contribute towards the
socio-economic development of the areas in which they are operating.
SUMMARISED OBJECTIVES
 Promote equitable access to the nation’s mineral resources to all the people
of South Africa;
 Substantially and meaningfully expand opportunities for HDSA’s including
women, to enter the mining and minerals industry and to benefit from the
exploitation of the nation’s mineral resources;
 Utilise the existing skills base for the empowerment of HDSA’s ;
 Expand the skills base of HDSA’s in order to serve the community;
 Promote employment and advance the social and economical welfare of
mining communities and the major labour sending areas; and
 Promote beneficiation of South Africa’s mineral commodities.
SPAN OF CONTROL
 Human Resource Development
 Employment Equity
 Non-Discrimination of Migrant Labourers
 Increased Procurement from HDSA Communities
 Mine Community and Rural Development
 Improvement of Housing and Living Conditions
 Change in Ownership/Management
 Joint Ventures
 Increase in Beneficiation
ENTERPRISE
•Change in Ownership/Management
•Joint Ventures
•Increased Beneficiation
COMMUNITY
•Increased HDSA Procurements
•Improvement of Housing
•Mine Community and Rural Development
INDIVIDUAL
•HRD
•EE
•Migrant Labour
In 2009, South Africa is reported to have become the most unequal country in the
world…
In terms of the implementation of the socio-economic transformation of the
mining industry, we have reached a critical period of assessing the extent to
which the objectives have been achieved. To this extent, the observations are that
the growth of the industry has left much to be desired and that transformation
within the sector has been disappointingly slow.
… the challenge is centred on the provisions of the charter, which allow for
multiple interpretations. Accordingly, the scorecard needed more work to enable
proper reporting and quantification of progress hereto.
MINING CHARTER IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
MINING CHARTER IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Measure
Human Resource Development
Employment Equity
Mine Community Development
Functional Literacy
Career Pathing
Target %
100%
100%
Actual %
17%
17%
Mentoring of empowerment groups
HDSA participation in management
40%
11%
33%
women participation in mining
10%
6%
Companies engaged in consultation
processes with communities
63%
Companies participated in the
formulation of Integrated Development Plans
(IDP) in mine communities
49%
Companies extended their participation in the
development of IDPs for labour-sending areas
14%
Companies showed proof of expenditure in
accordance with commitments set out in
approved Social Labour Plans (SLP)
37%
Procurement
Procurement from HDSA companies
Consultation, Monitoring, Evaluation Companies that have audited reports
and Reporting
Annual progress report to the DMR
HDSA ownership
Ownership and Joint Ventures
BEE ownership
37%
37%
11%
26% in 10 years
15% in 5 years
5%
9%
HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
The South African labour market does not produce enough of the skills required by the mining
industry. Stakeholders shall work together in addressing this skills gap in the following manner:
 Through the standing consultative arrangements they will interface with statutory bodies
such as the Mines Qualifications Authority (MQA), in the formulation of comprehensive skills
development strategies that include a skills audit;
 By interfacing with the education authorities and providing scholarships to promote mining
related educational advancement, especially in the fields of mathematics and science at the
school level;
 By undertaking to ensure provision of scholarships and that the number of registered
learnerships in the mining industry will rise from the current level of some 1200 learners to
not less than 5000 learners by March 2005; and
 Through the MQA shall undertake to provide skills training opportunities to miners during
their employment in order to improve their income earning capacity after mine closure.
HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
Government undertakes that:
 In its bi-lateral relations with relevant countries, undertakes to secure
training opportunities for HDSA companies’ staff, as well as exchange
opportunities with mining companies operating outside of South Africa;
 Through the MQA and in collaboration with academic institutions, DME
associated institutions, NGO’s, and the Gender Commission, shall
provide training courses in mining entrepreneur’s skills;
Companies undertake:
 To offer every employee the opportunity to become functionally literate
and numerate by the year 2005 in consultation with labour;
 To implement career paths to provide opportunities to their HDSA
employees to progress in their chosen careers; and
 To develop systems through which empowerment groups can be
mentored as a means of capacity building.
HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT
The mining industry is knowledge based and thus hinges on human resource
development, constituting an integral part of social transformation at workplace
and sustainable growth. To achieve this objective, the mining industry must:
Invest a percentage of annual payroll (as per relevant legislation) in essential skills
development activities reflective of the demographics, but excluding the
mandatory skills levy, including support of South African based research and
development initiatives intended to develop solutions in exploration, mining,
processing, technology efficiency (energy and water use in mining), beneficiation
as well as environmental conservation and rehabilitation; as follows:
• Target for 2010 = 3%;
• Target for 2011 = 3.5%;
• Target for 2012 = 4%;
• Target for 2013 = 4.5%;
• Target for 2014 = 5%.
Skills and R&D!
EMPLOYMENT EQUITY
Companies shall publish their employment equity plans and achievements and subscribe to
the following:
 Establish targets for employment equity, particularly in the junior and senior management
categories. Companies agree to spell out their plans for employment equity at the
management level. The stakeholders aspire to a baseline of 40 percent HDSA
participation in management within 5-years;
 South African subsidiaries of multinational companies and South African companies,
where possible, will focus their overseas placement and/or training programmes on
historically disadvantaged South Africans;
 Identification of a talent pool and fast tracking it. This fast tracking should include high
quality operational exposure;
 Ensuring higher levels of inclusiveness and advancement of women. The stakeholders
aspire to a baseline of 10 percent of women participation in the mining industry within 5years; and
 Setting and publishing targets and achievements.
Employment Equity
Workplace diversity and equitable representation at all levels are catalysts for social
cohesion, transformation and competitiveness of the mining industry. In order to
create a conducive environment to ensure diversity as well as participation of HDSA
at all decision-making positions and core occupational categories in the mining
industry, every mining company must achieve a minimum of 40% HDSA
demographic representation at:
•Executive Management (Board) level by 2014;
•Senior management (EXCO) level by 2014;
•Core and Critical skills by 2014;
•Middle management level by 2014;
•Junior management level by 2014.
In addition, mining companies must identify and fast-track their existing talent pools
to ensure high level operational exposure in terms of career path programmes.
Migrant Labour
Stakeholders undertake to:
Ensure non-discrimination against foreign migrant labour.
Nothing in the Revised Charter because
satisfactorily dealt with
Infrastructure IDP’s
MINE COMMUNITY AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Stakeholders, in partnership with all spheres of government, undertake to:
Co-operate in the formulation of integrated development plans for
communities where mining takes place and for major labour-sending areas,
with special emphasis on development of infrastructure.
Mine Community and Rural Development
Needs Analysis + Funding
Mine communities form an integral part of mining development, there has to be
meaningful contribution towards community development, both in terms of size and
impact, in keeping with the principles of the social license to operate. Stakeholders
must adhere to the following:
•Consistent with international best practices in terms of rules of engagement and
guidelines, mining companies must invest in ethnographic community consultative and
collaborative processes prior to the implementation/development of mining projects;
•Mining companies must conduct an assessment to determine the developmental
needs in collaboration with mining communities and identify projects within the needs
analysis for their contribution to community development in line with Integrated
Development Plans (IDPs), the cost of which should be proportionate to the size of
investment.
Housing and Living Conditions
Stakeholders, in consultation with the Mine Health and Safety Council, the
Department of Housing and organised labour, undertake to:
Establish measures for improving the standard of housing including the upgrading
of hostels, conversion of hostels to family units and the promotion of home
ownership options for mine employees; and
Establish measures for improving of nutrition of mine employees.
HOUSING AND LIVING CONDITIONS
Human dignity and privacy for mineworkers are the hallmarks to enhance
productivity and expedite transformation in the mining industry in terms of housing
and living conditions. In this regard mining companies must implement measures
to improve the standards of housing and living conditions for mineworkers as
follows:
•Convert or upgrade hostels into family units by 2014;
•Attain the occupancy rate of one person per room by 2014; and
•Facilitate home ownership options for all mine employees in consultation with
organised labour by 2014
PROCUREMENT
Procurement can be broken down into three levels, namely: capital goods;
services; and consumables.
Stakeholders undertake to give HDSAs a preferred supplier status, where
possible, in all three levels of procurement. To this end stakeholders undertake to:
Identify current levels of procurement from HDSA companies;
Commit to a progression of procurement from HDSA companies over a 3 to 5-year
time frame reflecting the genuine value added by the HDSA provider;
Encourage existing suppliers to form partnerships with HDSA companies, where
no HDSA Company tenders to supply goods or services; and
Stakeholders commit to help develop HDSA procurement capacity and access
Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) assistance programmes to achieve this.
List of suppliers: It is envisaged that information on all HDSA companies wishing to
participate in the industry will be collected and published. All participants in the
industry will assist the DTI in compiling such a list that will inter alia be published
by government on the Internet and updated regularly.
High
Strategic Items
Non-Critical Items
Bottleneck Items
Profit Impact
Leverage Items
Low
Supply Risk
Kraljic Model
High
Profit Impact
High
Leverage
Items
Non-Critical
Items
Strategic Items
Bottleneck Items
Low
Supply Risk
Kraljic Model
High
PROCUREMENT
Local procurement is attributable to competitiveness and transformation, captures
economic value, presents opportunities to expand economic growth that allows for
creation of decent jobs and widens scope for market access of South African capital
goods and services. In order to achieve this, the mining industry must procure from
BEE entities in accordance with the following criteria,
•Procure a minimum of 40% of capital goods from BEE entities by 2014;
•Ensure that multinational suppliers of capital goods annually contribute a minimum
of 0.5% of annual income generated from local mining companies towards socioeconomic development of local communities into a social development fund from
2010;
•Procure 70% of services and 50% of consumer goods from BEE entities by 2014.
The targets above are exclusive of non-discretionary procurement expenditure
Profit Impact
High
70% of Services
from BEE
Leverage
Items
companies
by
2014
40% of Capital
Goods from
Strategic
Items
BEE companies
by 2014
50%Items
of ConsumableBottleneck
goods by Items
Non-Critical
2014
Low
Supply Risk
Kraljic Model
High
OWNERSHIP AND JOINT VENTURES
Government and industry recognise that one of the means of effecting the entry of
HDSA’s into the mining industry and of allowing HDSA’s to benefit from the
exploitation of mining and mineral resources is by encouraging greater ownership
of mining industry assets by HDSA’s. Ownership and participation by HDSA’s can
be divided into active or passive involvement as follows:
Active involvement:
HDSA controlled companies (50 per cent plus 1 vote), which includes management
control.
Strategic joint ventures or partnerships (25 per cent plus 1 vote). These would
include a Management Agreement that provides for joint management and control
and which would also provide for dispute resolution.
Collective investment, through ESOPS and mining dedicated unit trusts. The
majority ownership of these would need to be HDSA based. Such empowerment
vehicles would allow the HDSA participants to vote collectively.
OWNERSHIP AND JOINT VENTURES
Effective ownership is a requisite instrument to effect meaningful integration of
HDSA into the mainstream economy. In order to achieve a substantial change in
racial and gender disparities prevalent in ownership of mining assets, and thus pave
the way for meaningful participation on HDSA for attainment of sustainable growth
of the mining industry, stakeholders commit to:
Achieve a minimum target of 26 percent ownership to enable meaningful economic
participation of HDSA by 2014;
The only offsetting permissible under the ownership element is against the
value of beneficiation, as provided for by Section 26 of the MPRDA and
elaborated in the mineral beneficiation framework.
The continuing consequences of all previous deals concluded prior to the
promulgation of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act, 28 of 2002
would be included in calculating such credits/offsets in terms of market share as
measured by attributable units of production.
BENEFICIATION
This Charter will apply to mining companies in respect of their involvement in
beneficiation activities, specifically activities beyond mining and processing. These
include production of final consumer products.
Mining companies will be able to offset the value of the level of beneficiation achieved
by the company against its HDSA ownership commitments.
Mining companies agree to:
•Identify their current levels of beneficiation.
•Indicate to what extent they can grow the baseline level of beneficiation.
BENEFICIATION
Beneficiation seeks to translate comparative advantage in mineral resources
endowment into competitive advantage as fulcrum to enhance industrialisation in
line with State developmental priorities. In this regard, mining companies must
facilitate local beneficiation of mineral commodities by adhering to the provision of
Section 26 of the MPRDA and the mineral beneficiation strategy:
Mining companies may offset the value of the level of beneficiation achieved by the
company against a portion of its HDSA ownership requirements not exceeding 11
percent.
BUT HOW DO YOU TRANSFORM
AN INDUSTRY OR SECTOR
IN DECLINE?
PLATINUM
“A rising tide rises all ships”
500000
250 000
450000
400000
200 000
350000
R/kg
300000
150 000
250000
200000
100 000
150000
100000
50 000
50000
0
ZAR/kg
Employment
GOLD
…and sometimes not!
350000
300000
600 000
500 000
250000
400 000
R/kg
200000
300 000
150000
200 000
100000
100 000
50000
0
ZAR/kg
Employment
Mining Charter
Individual
Revised Mining Charter
Human Resource
Development
Human Resource
Development
Employment Equity
Employment Equity
Non-Discrimination of
Migrant Labourers
Community
Increased Procurement
from HDSA Communities
Increased Procurement
from HDSA Communities
Mine Community and
Rural Development
Mine Community and
Rural Development
Improvement of housing
and living conditions
Improvement of housing
and living conditions
Change in Ownership and
Management
Change in Ownership and
Management
Joint Ventures
Enterprise
Increases in beneficiation
Increases in beneficiation
Multinational contribution
Sustainable Development &
Growth (EMP. R&D, HSE)
Corporate Governance
Reporting
Reporting
REVISED CHARTER
ENTERPRISE
•Change in Ownership/Management
•Joint Ventures
•Increased Beneficiation
•Multinational Contribution
•Sustainable Development & Growth (EMP, HSE, R&D)
COMMUNITY
•Increased HDSA Procurements
•Improvement of Housing
•Mine Community Development
Contribution
INDIVIDUAL
•HRD
•EE
•Migrant Labour
+ 3 PILLARS
*Ownership
*Housing
*Reporting
25%
Community
Individual
41%
34%
Enterprise
HOT
BUTTONS
•Housing (are targets realistic? contract labour?)
•Multinational procurement (enforceable? legal?)
•Government compelling R&D
(and then at parastatals? Who owns the IP?)
•Declining industries (negative NPV’s?)
•Joint ventures (what about ones already completed?)
The Stick!
Non-compliance
→ Section 47, Minister’s power to suspend or cancel
rights, permit or permissions
→ Section 98, Offences and
→ Section 99 Penalties
CONCLUSION
Revised Mining Charter
•Poor or ambiguous definitions;
•Improper measuring tools;
•Adding criteria and dropping of others;
•Charter is possibly ultra vires wrt s47;
•Biggest tool was conversion was not even applied by DMR;
•Unrealistic considerations around procurement;
•No offset model;
•Meaningful economic participation not measured;
•Charter increases skills levy by stealth.
The revised mining charter and how it will affect your mining
rights
• What are the most far–reaching changes in the revised mining charter?
• Where will non-compliance with the legal requirements lead in terms of
licences granted under the MPRDA?
• Will the changes withstand constitutional scrutiny?
• How will the constitutional court reason regarding the law of force in
the Mining Charter?
• What demands regarding beneficiation and HDSA ownership do you
need to fulfil according to the new regulation?
Neale Baartjes
www.ecopartners.co.za
Cleaner Production
Commodity Strategy
Environmental Authorisation
Cost Benefit Analysis
Input / Output Modelling
Mineral Economics