STRATEGIC
LEVEL
First Admiral Dato’ Hj Rusli bin Hj Idrus
Assistant Chief of Staff Communications and
Electronics Division
Malaysian Armed Forces Headquarters
OPERATIONAL
LEVEL
AD-HOC
TETRATAC
MANET
WI-MAX
PERSONAL
RADIOS
TACTICAL
BROADBAND MOBILE
RADIOS
COMBATLEVEL
NET
RADIOS
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COLLABORATIVE INFORMATION SHARING THROUGH
NETWORK CENTRIC OPERATIONS
•The objective of NCO can be defined as the set up of a collaborative
environment between the Armed Forces command levels
·
• This capability will allow for the provision of relevant common
operational pictures throughout the full chain of command, thus
enabling a greater speed of decision and action for the Armed Forces.
NCO = the right information at the right moment for all platforms
The NCO environment encourages
better management of information.
Tactical
situation
Acceleration
of the decision /speed of command
UAV
The need to understand the demand
and to either push or pull information.
The key is to manage information – its
presentation and use .
The concept of a Network Centric Operations (NCO) will
contribute significantly to MAF’s transformation and mission
effectiveness
•
•
•
•
•
Shared Information /Situational Awareness
Common Operational Picture
Timeliness/Real Time
Robust network /seamless comms
Information Management
MIission
Effectiveness
Iincreased
combat power
Agility,
Improved
Decision
Superiority Tempo
Knowledge
Superiority
Information
Superiority
Robust and
Secure
THENetwork
NCO VALUE
CHAIN FOR MAF TRANSFORMATION
3
SCOPE
 Key NCO based Concept of operations
 Implementation of MAF program to provide a secure ,
real time collaborative environment.
 Challenges and Way Forward.
4
NCO Defined
An information superiority enabled concept of
operations that generates increased combat power by
networking sensors, decision makers and shooters to
achieved shared situational awareness, increased
speed of command, higher tempo of operations,
greater lethality, increased survivability and a degree
of self-synchronization.
In essence, NCO translates information superiority into combat power by
effectively linking knowledgeable entities in the battle space.
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Net - Centric Journey: Driving Factors
Evolving threat
 War on Terror
 Asymmetrical warfare on multiple fronts, sophisticated enemy
Different
mission types
 Peacekeeping, maritime security, border security, humanitarian
aid and disaster relief, evacuation, nation building, anti-drugs and
assisting other agencies in other operations other than war –
seeking a diverse range of effects.
Increased
collaboration
 More joint, combined and bilateral and
multilateral defense
cooperation and operations. Increased collaboration with
external agencies (e.g., police, MMEA, Custom)
Improved
technology
Technological enhancements that have increased own force and
enemy capabilities (e.g., enemy networked via Internet and phone
network). Exploit IT to add value and improve effectiveness for
competitive war fighting advantage.
Information
superiority
 Information Superiority increasingly important to secure decisive
military advantage with the emergence of information warfare
and new concepts of operations and response to the information
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age
NCO Transformation – Innovation inTechnology
and More
This networking, combined with changes in technology, organization, processes, and people may allow new forms of organizational behaviour.
People
Changing organizational
structures and hierarchies, roles,
culture – providing the skills and
training required
Processes
Defining ways of working,
changes in doctrine, policies
and procedures
Information
Providing high quality,
trusted information, delivered
on time to the end user
Technology
NCO more than the network
Connecting the latest technical
tools (e.g. for decision support)
with the underlying infrastructure
Adapted from: OFT
Defense Transformation, A Response to the
Information Age: Net-Centric Operations (NCO)
• Translates an Information Advantage into a
decisive Warfighting Advantage
- Information Advantage - enabled by the robust networking of
well informed geographically dispersed forces
 Characterized by:
- Information sharing
- Shared situational awareness
- Knowledge of commander’s intent
- Exploits IT for networking forces
• New technology context
• Broadened threat
context
• New strategic context
• Warfighting Advantage - exploits behavioral change
and new doctrine to enable:
- Self-synchronization
- Speed of command
- Increased combat power
 Information Sharing is a New Source of Power
* - Excerpts fro “Transforming Defense” briefing by VADM Arthur Cebrowski, first Director, Force Transformation,
http://www.oft.osd.mil/
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Evolution of Operations & Shift to Network Centric Operations
Capability
IMINT
Web
GEOINT
PC’s
Single user
Client-server
Architecture
Multi-user / Department
Installation wide / Enterprise
Information and Intelligence
File-based
RDBMS based
Network based
Operations
‘70s - System
‘80s – System of systems
‘90s – Family of systems
HUMINT
COP
P
SIGINT
Scalable / Extensible
National / Infrastructure
Global Network
Services oriented
Net-Centric
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NOW – Global Information Grid
NCO Tenets
Information Domain
Better Quality Networking and Information Sharing
Ensures
Improved Information Quality
Cognitive and
Social Domains
Improved Shared Awareness/Understanding
Enhanced Collaboration/Interactions/Decision Making
Which Contributes to
More Agile Force Elements
Which Ultimately leads to
Physical Domain
Improved Mission Effectiveness & Force Agility
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TENETS OF NCO
• A robustly networked force improves information sharing
• Information sharing enhances the quality of information and shared
situational awareness
• Shared situational awareness enables collaboration and selfsynchronization and enhances sustainability and speed of command
• These in turn dramatically increase mission effectiveness
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Information – a Winning Advantage
Action = Impact on
Competitor
Act
Observe / Orient / Decide
OWN
OODA
Act
Observe
COMPETITOR’S
OODA
Orient
Decide
Defeated
OODA Cycle
 Information Superiority = Decision Superiority = Ahead of Competitors.
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An Approach – NCO model
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Enabler
Process for generating
awareness
Enabler
Process for exploiting
awareness
The Bottom Line
(Measurable)
Results
The Military as a Network Centric Enterprise
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Network Dimension
Network Dimension
Information Dimension
Human Dimension
Security
Dynamic Interconnectivity
(to link all the identified
systems: voice, data, video,
multimedia)
Application Systems
Integration &
Interoperability
• via Strategic & Operational Network
• monitored by Network Management System
• not limited to existing technology only
•
•
•
•
Migration, Convergence & Consolidation of Existing Systems
Provision of Command & Control
Provision of Situational Awareness
Enabling Simulations (eg. for strategic systems, networks, analysis &
reporting)
•
•
•
•
for Sensors
for Network & Platforms
for Shooters (Engagement Systems)
to other identified networks for interoperability
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Network Dimension
Information Dimension
Information Management
• Information Distributed Environment
• Information Services Management
• Information Sharing & Dissemination
Information Dimension
Human Dimension
Security
Information Assurance
• Information Security
• Assured Information Services
• Preservation of confidentiality,
integrity & availability
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Network Dimension
Information Dimension
Human Dimension
Human Dimension
Security
• The current operational concepts & capabilities
require transformations for NCO adaptation. The
change here is expected to have profound influence on
human dimension.
•
• Skilled Personnel &
Personnel Skill
Mapping
• Transfer of
Technology
• High Standards of
Training, &
education
• Organization
Process
Reengineering
Knowledge
Management
Change
Management Plan
Organization Structure
(Adaptation for NCO)
Policy, Doctrine, S.O.P
(Adaptation for NCO)
• Mindset change need for
security awareness
• Information Dissemination Plan
• Management Awareness (to
obtain buy-in)
• User Awareness, Training &
Education
• Continuous Improvement
• Doctrine & Policy
Review
• Process Reengineering
• & SOP development
• Transformation
• (Map & synchronize to
technology)
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Network Dimension
Information Dimension
Security Dimension
– Holistic Approach
Human Dimension
Security
Security
Security policy
Security Architecture and Design
Security
Management
& Risk
Management
Cryptography
Key
Management
Operations
Security
Access control
Network &
Telecommunicat
ion Security
Application &
System
Development
Security
Operation
Continuity
and Disaster
Recovery
Management
Security Incident Investigations
Physical (Environmental) Security
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The NCO Capability Development Plan for MAF is a long term undertaking that
will be implemented at an incremental pace based on MAF’s organizational
clusters and prioritized according to MAF’s requirements
DELIVERING
CAPABILITIES
Incremental development
taking into account the
dynamics of the
operations and
environment
MAF NCO
IMPLEMENTATION
PROGRAM
Development can
transcend across a
maximum number of 4
Malaysia Plans depending
on the budget allocation
Coherent with the MAF
Modernization Program
and its existing assets
ORGANIZING
CLUSTERS
Enhance cohesive and
coherent operational
capability
Logical clustering of the
MAF organizational units
based upon MAF’s Chain
of Command
Apply advanced
technologies and leading
edge solutions
EXECUTED IN
PHASES
Replication of the
implementation roll-out
from one cluster to the
next clusters with
Formation of a dynamic
environment allowing
integration with other
MAF Modernization
Programs
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MAF NCO System Design Approach
Concepts defined in NCO Tenets
• A robustly networked force
improves information sharing
• Information sharing enhances the
quality of information & shared
situational awareness
• Shared situational awareness
enables collaboration & selfsynchronization, and enhances
sustainability and speed of
command.
• These, in turn dramatically
increase mission effectiveness.
NCO
Framework
NCO Domains
MAF NCO
System Terms of
Reference
(TOR)
• Functional
Requirements
• Performance
Specs
• Interface Specs
System
Capabilities
NCO Functional
Dimensions
 MAF NCO system is methodically designed to put the NCO Tenets into practice
 The NCO Framework is created by mapping the attributes of the 4 NCO Domains (physical,
information, cognition and social) to the concepts of the NCO tenets in order to understand their
relationship and qualify the process required to achieve mission effectiveness.
 The MAF NCO System Terms of Reference (TOR) is a synthesis of the User Requirements and NCO
Framework that forms the basis of MAF NCO Functional Dimensions and their associated system
deliverables.
 The capabilities attained from the system deliverables assure MAF’s objective to achieve mission
effectiveness are met.
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Challenges associated with the design, acquisition, integration
and support of the complex socio-technical systems
Security: Increasing access to information across coalitions,
whilst recognising increasing threat of cyberattacks
Real Time: Processing information and intelligence to
provide real-time Operational Picture and increase time for
commander to make rapid decisions
High Availability: Providing secure and resilient access in
a range of situations, e.g., remote or built-up areas with
low/no bandwidth availability
Mobility: Quickly deploying portable equipment in new
areas for a wide range of missions, with new partners and
supply networks
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Challenges
Evolving concepts. Creating an environment to
investigate and evolve future concepts enabled by NCO
– including analysis, experimentation and simulation.
Interoperability. Managing the complexity of a network
enabled
system including integration,
management, configuration, interoperability with legacy
and peer systems and future migration.
Procurement processes. Will need to be more
responsive to the very short lifecycles of information
technology products.
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Challenges of Human Dimension
 Organizational Structure
New evolving system requires new organizational structure
Organizational culture - social learning
 Knowledge management and mobilization
 people’s willingness to share and receive information
 Cooperation and collaboration
 Training to deal with different kinds of information
Trust
 trust is necessary to make human action and interaction possible
Teamwork
 Teamwork is essential to the success of any organization and it is
more so in a network centric environment.
The person-machine interface and information filtering tools will need
to evolve to reduce the problem of ‘information overload’. Networked
forces will need new tools that make information available in useful
ways





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WAY FORWARD
 Establish leadership to embrace the challenges.
 Education/Training/Change Management Plan
 Investment Strategy.
 Understand your military culture and command
philosophy – I think these are unique.
 Be sure there is an agreed vision or design end state.
 Conduct a robust gap analysis
 Design your roadmap in two parts – the co-ordination
plan and the end to end architecture.
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THANK YOU
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