The 15 th Meeting of the APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT/15)

 Global Scenario
 Performance Based Navigation
 Automatic Dependent Surveillance
 GNSS Survey
 Ionospheric Data Collection Workshop
 Summary
The 15 th Meeting of the APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT/15)

TH
(28 Sept – 8 Oct, 2010)
(18 – 28 Sep, 2007)
• Urges all States to complete a national PBN implementation plan as soon as possible to achieve:
• PBN for en-route and terminal areas (according to established timelines and intermediate milestones)
•
PBN approach procedures with vertical guidance (APV) for all instrument runway ends (as primary or back-up for precision approach) by 2016 – 30% by 2010, 70% -by 2014
• Requirement to add LNAV minima to any approach chart for approach procedures with vertical guidance
• Allow States to publish LNAV only approach if no traffic equipped (avionics) for operations with vertical guidance
The 15 th Meeting of the APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT/15)

 ICAO GNSS Manual (Doc 9849) being updated/revised by the NSP
 Hurdles in the path of GNSS implementation were identified by NSP and mitigation of these hurdles are proposed to be addressed in the document
 Document refers to the Global Air Navigation Plan (ICAO Doc 9750) and calls for early implementation of GNSS linking it with Global Plan Initiatives (GPI), applications like PBN, ADS-B, ADS-C etc.
 Document briefly discusses Safety Case, Business Case and the transition plans.
 Document discusses Performance Requirements, Core Satellite Constellations,
Augmentation Systems, GNSS Vulnerabilities, GNSS Evolution, Implementation of
GNSS-Based Services etc. in seven chapters and four appendices
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The Document provides a very good guidance for those who are connected
with GNSS implementation and usage
The 15 th Meeting of the APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT/15)

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 World’s busiest airport
 Approx 94% of daily departures RNAV capable
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 Capacity gain of 9 – 12 departures/hour
 Repeatable and predictable paths
 Benefits
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The 15 th Meeting of the APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT/15)

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 North Arrival STAR Atlanta (ATL)
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2
 North Arrival STAR at Miami (MIA)
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2
Before RNAV After RNAV
The 15 th Meeting of the APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT/15)

o Lack of Expertise: o Airspace Development o Operational approval process o Pilot and Air Traffic Controllers’ Training o Coordination between stakeholders o National o Regional o Clearing some misconceptions o PBN is not a new navigation philosophy, but is just a tool to implement navigation concept for aircraft capability which has existed for more than three decades o Does not need the States to overhaul complete navigational infrastructure, but can be implemented step-by-step o Navspec based on operational needs & hence need not be most advanced
The 15 th Meeting of the APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT/15)

●
CDO Manual (Doc 9931), Airspace
Design Manual, Ops Approval Manual, revised GNSS Manual etc.
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Training being organized on Airspace Design,
CDO design, Procedure Design and Ops Approval etc. by ICAO
Asia Pacific Office Flight Procedure Programme (FPP)
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GO Team, in coordination with IATA visits reasonably advanced (PBN) States to provide implementation assistance
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Global coordination processes have been developed to exchange information/expereinces
The 15 th Meeting of the APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT/15)

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Eighth Meeting of the Asia Pacific Performance Based Navigation Task
Force (PBN/TF/8) was held in New Delhi, India on 12 – 13 May,
2011.
The Meeting was preceded by a PBN Seminar and Workshop held in the same venue from 9 to 11 May 2011
The Workshop provided information on the Airspace Concept and used recent development in Kapitali TMA of Kapitali Airport, Coldland as a simulation exercise.
 In the Seminar, States and international organizations exchanged information on the developments that are taking place in the global scenario.
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After reviewing the outcome of a survey conducted to assess States’ readiness to use RNP4 (30 NM lateral separation), it was concluded that presently the use of RNP4 standards is likely to be applied only where a strategic advantage can be derived.
The 15 th Meeting of the APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT/15)

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 Australia: a) Mandate ADS-B for upper airspace (> FL 290) in Dec 2009 b) SA-Aware receiver will be required 28 June 2012
 Hong Kong, China: Use of ADS-B out a) After 31 Dec 2013 for aircraft flying over PBN routes L642 or M771 between FL 290 and FL410 b) After 31 Dec 2014 for aircraft flying within Hong Kong FIR between
FL290 to FL410
 Singapore (CAAS AIC 14, 28 Dec 2010): a) Implement use of ADS-B Out after 12 Dec 2013 within certain parts of
Singapore FIR (FL> 290)
 Other APAC Regulatory Agencies: a) Expected to follow ADS-B Avionics Requirements Template APANPIRG
Conclusion 21/39
The 15 th Meeting of the APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT/15)

 Non Radar Area:
 Safety Enhancement
 Traffic Management SSR like
 Capacity increase by reducing separation to SSR like (e.g. 5NM)
 Reduction in cost of operation for aircraft (like better flight level)
 Radar Area:
 Enables decommissioning of redundant SSRs providing same level of service
 Expected to be the primary means of surveillance with radar as back-up
 Usable in combination with other surveillance sensors like Wide Area
Multi-lateration, SSR, PSR etc.
 Airport Applications:
 New tool for surface movement surveillance
 Integrated with A-SMGCS expected to fulfill airport requirements
The 15 th Meeting of the APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT/15)

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 Mature Standards and Operational Procedures are required for achieving the operational benefits.
 RTCA DO-317 – Minimum Operational Performance Standards
(MOPS) for ASAS published in April 2009 .
 ADS-B In functions include airborne situation awareness, approach situation awareness and airport surface situation awareness.
 ADS-B In benefits
 Provides Safety enhancement
 In Trail Procedures provide economic benefit by increasing the chance of being granted higher preferential altitude, thus reducing fuel consumption
The 15 th Meeting of the APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT/15)

Tenth Meeting of ADS-B Study and Implementation Task Force was held in
Singapore from 26 to 29 April 2011. Meeting was attended by 78 participants from 18 administrations and three international organizations
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Meeting formulated a draft Conclusion adopting guidance material on building a Safety Case for Delivery of an ADS-B Separation Service.
Meeting noted that ICAO Circular 311 had been withdrawn and had been replaced with ICAO Circular 326.
Revised Sample Agreement for Data Sharing adopted, revised agreement more comprehensive, precise, simple, easier to read and more acceptable.
Number of annexes reduced. New agreement used between Singapore and
Indonesia.
Meeting agreed that cooperation in supporting VHF voice communication of other State equally important as ADS-B of other State. Draft Conclusion adopted urging States to support VHF radio air/ground communication infrastructure of adjacent State and coordinate with ICAO regional office and national telecom authorities for assignment of VHF frequency
The 15 th Meeting of the APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT/15)

APANPIRG/21 (September 2010) noted with concern slow progress of GNSS implementation in the region.
o To assess level of GNSS implementation in the region, survey questionnaire circulated through APAC State Letter dated 30
November 2010.
o Response has been received from 23 Administrations (out of 40) at an overall response rate of 57.5%. Efforts are being made to get response from more States.
o Survey outcome depicting level of GNSS implementation in
Asia/Pacific region is provided in the following slides
The 15 th Meeting of the APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT/15)

 Most States have developed GNSS implementation plan, in the remaining States no formal plan is there but they are implementing selected GNSS applications
 Most States according approval on Supplementary basis for RNAV, SID/STARs,
Non Precision Approach, Approach with Vertical Guidance and Precision Approach.
Many States according approval for Oceanic/Remote Areas on ‘Only Means’ basis
 Many States have received request from domestic/international airline operators to implement GNSS based services. Others have adopted GNSS based applications on their own
 Most of the States in the region have completed WGS-84 survey both for waypoints and for airports. Few States have not completed survey for waypoints and/or all their airports.
 Some States have not developed any mechanism to maintain their database
(including WGS – 84 data).
The 15 th Meeting of the APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT/15)

 More than half the States, which responded have drawn up decommissioning plan for conventional navigation aids. Decommission in 5 to 15 years.
 Most of the States already published their National Performance Based Navigation
(PBN) Plan, but some States have not sent copy of their plan to Regional office.
Almost all the States have used ICAO GNSS Manual (Doc 9849) for guidance.
 About 70%of the States plan to promulgate PBN approaches based on GNSS and/or Conventional navigation aids.
 About 30% of the responding States plan to implement SBAS and about 70% plan to implement GBAS.
 Many of the responding States using ADS-C and are planning to implement ADS-B
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About 80% of the States which responded informed that they need help/guidance
from ICAO in the development and implementation of their GNSS plan
The 15 th Meeting of the APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT/15)

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APANPIRG /20 held in September 2009 observed that characterization of ionosphere in the region useful for the implementation of GNSS applications
 A coordinated study should be carried out.
 ICAO invited to identify Focal Contact Points
 11 Focal Contact points have been nominated by 11 States
 APANPIRG/21 (September 2010) recognized that many States in the region lie in the Equatorial region and hence GNSS severely affected by ionospheric activity
 Supported proposed regional level coordination/cooperation for collection of ionospheric data and its analysis, ultimate objective of developing a regional ionospheric threat model
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The 15 th Meeting of the APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT/15)

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Japan invited to provide technical leadership for Workshop and ICAO invited to support development of a measurement campaign
 Noted that this cooperation/coordination more important for collection of data during solar maximum period , which is expected in 2013/2014
 Noted that sharing of archival data available with States will be useful
 Workshop on Ionospheric Data Collection, Analysis and Sharing to Support
GNSS Implementation held on 5 and 6 May 2011, in the ICAO APAC Office,
Bangkok
 Workshop facilitated by Dr. Susumu Saito, Senior Researcher, Japan
Electronics Navigation Research Institute (ENRI) was attended by 20 experts from 9 administrations
The 15 th Meeting of the APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT/15)

 To enhance understanding of ionospheric issues in GNSS operations
 To exchange information and experience gained on GNSS and ionosphere related activities by each Administration
 To understand the need to carry out the ionospheric studies
 To discuss a common procedure for collecting ionospheric data by
Administrations
 Ultimate outcome is a standard ionospheric model for GNSS operations applicable throughout the Region; and
 The final goal to facilitate GNSS implementation in the Asia and Pacific
Regions by mitigating ionospheric issues
The 15 th Meeting of the APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT/15)

 Appreciated large ionospheric variability associated with the Equatorial
Anomaly.
 Agreement to share data at levels 0, 1 or above.
 Huge size of raw data may not be practical to share
 Template will be developed for Ionospheric Data Collection
 Explore with other Agencies (including UN) on the possibility of sharing
GNSS data
 Mechanism for analysis of GNSS data to be decided.
 RINEX (Receiver Independent Exchange) format generally acceptable for raw data
The 15 th Meeting of the APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT/15)

IONOSPHERIC DELAY
Level 3
-- Vertical delay at grid points
-- Delay gradient
Level 2
-- Slant delay (slant delay for each satellite, satellite position, biases)
Level 1
-- Human readable (e.g. RINEX) raw data (pseudo range, carrier phase and lock-time for each satellite, ephemeris)
Level 0
-- Receiver specific raw data
SCINTILLATION
Level 3
-- Irregularity drift velocity
Level 2
-- Scintillation indices (amplitude and phase and correlation coefficients and lag times, if applicable)
Level 1
-- Receiver independent raw data
(time-series and carrier phase for each satellite, ephemeris)
Level 0
-- Receiver specific raw data
The 15 th Meeting of the APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT/15)

Workshop developed following recommendations for the consideration of CNS/MET Sub Group of APANPIRG
 States urged to coordinate with their relevant national organization for sharing available GNSS data
 Task Force needs to be established to identify need for Regional
Ionospheric Threat Model for GBAS and SBAS and create them if required
 ICAO Regional Office to coordinate with APEC GIT for initiative being carried out for ionospheric data collection
 APEC Economies requested to support initiative by encouraging relevant agencies to share data collected with civil aviation community
The 15 th Meeting of the APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT/15)

 APEC States requested to support APANPIRG initiative of ionospheric data collection and development of a threat model
 Economies requested to help in providing archival ionospheric data and facilitate sharing of data with other agencies in their Administration engaged in ionospheric data-collection and analysis
 APEC GIT requested to facilitate sharing of ionospheric and other GNSS related data from Test-bed Project, marine and surface transportation sectors
 Economies are requested to complete WGS-84 survey to facilitate speedy implementation of GNSS
 APEC GIT requested to share information regarding GNSS implementation in other transportation sector and provide guidance for improving the implementation level in aviation sector
The 15 th Meeting of the APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT/15)

The 15 th Meeting of the APEC GNSS Implementation Team (GIT/15)