Mühendislik Eğitimi
Akreditasyonunda Küresel Eğilimler
A. Erbil PAYZIN
PAYZIN Danışmanlık Ltd. Şti.
PAYZIN – BÜEE Danışma Kurulu Toplantısı, 21 Ocak 2011, Istanbul
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Dünyadaki mühendislik programları
yılda kaç mezun veriyor?
H. Mandal, 17.MDK Toplantısı, 28-29 Kasım 2008, Gaziantep
PAYZIN – BÜEE Danışma Kurulu Toplantısı, 21 Ocak 2011, Istanbul
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Sunum İçeriği
• Bolonya Süreci ve Bolonya Sonrası Avrupa’da
Mühendislik Dereceleri
• EUR-ACE Çerçeve Standartları: Avrupa’da Mühendislik
Programlarının Akreditasonu
• International Engineering Alliance (IEA): Mühendislik
Akreditasyonu için bir başka küresel kamp
• IEA Graduate Attributes: Washington, Sydney ve
Dublin Accord Program Çıktıları
• Türkiye’deki Durum: MÜDEK Program Çıktıları Özeti
PAYZIN – BÜEE Danışma Kurulu Toplantısı, 21 Ocak 2011, Istanbul
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Bolonya Süreci
1999 yılında, kolay anlaşılabilir ve karşılaştırılabilir bir
akademik derece sistemine dayalı Avrupa Yüksek
Öğretim Alanı oluşturmak amacıyla başlatıldı:
– 2/3 kademeli (Lisans, Yüksek Lisans, Doktora)
yükseköğretim sistemi
– Kademeler arası geçiş
– Avrupa/Ulusal Yeterlilikler Çerçevesi
PAYZIN – BÜEE Danışma Kurulu Toplantısı, 21 Ocak 2011, Istanbul
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Öğretim
Yüksek
Avrupa Yeterlikler Çerçevesi
(European Qualifications Framework)
EQF-LLL
QF-EHEA
(2008)
(2005)
EQF Level 8
Doktora/Third Cycle)
???
EQF Level 7
Y. Lisans/ Second Cycle
90-120
EQF Level 6
Lisans/First Cycle
180-240
EQF Level 5
Ön Lisans/Short Cycle
120
AKTS/ECTS
İlk ve Orta
Öğretim
EQF Level 4
EQF Level 3
EQF Level 2
EQF Level 1
PAYZIN – BÜEE Danışma Kurulu Toplantısı, 21 Ocak 2011, Istanbul
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Teorik (Araştırma) Ağırlıklı
Bolonya Sonrası Avrupa’daki
Mühendislik Dereceleri ve Profilleri
Az
İş bulabilme
Çok
PhD
MSc (4+2)
MSc
İŞ PİYASASI
BSc
BSc
MEng
BEng
Uygulama Ağırlıklı
PAYZIN – BÜEE Danışma Kurulu Toplantısı, 21 Ocak 2011, Istanbul
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EUR-ACE®
Akreditasyon Sistemi
• Avrupa’daki Mühendislik Eğitim Programları’nın
akreditasyonu için ortak bir çerçeve oluşturuyor
• 2006 da kurulan European Network for Accreditation of
Engineering Education (ENAEE) adlı dernek tarafından
yönetiliyor (www.enaee.eu)
• Akretitasyon ölçütleri ve prosedürleri EUR-ACE standartları ile
uyumlu olan ulusal/bölgesel akreditasyon ajansları akredite
ettikleri mühendislik programlarına EUR-ACE® Etiketi
vermeleri için ENAEE tarafından yetkilendiriliyor.
PAYZIN – BÜEE Danışma Kurulu Toplantısı, 21 Ocak 2011, Istanbul
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ENAEE Tarafından EUR-ACE® Etiketi Verme
Yetkisi Tanınan Akreditasyon Ajansları
• 2010 sonu itibariyle ENAEE tarafından EUR-ACE Etiketi verme için
yetkilendirilmiş 7 akreditasyon ajansı bulunuyor:
– ASIIN (Almanya)
– CTI (Fransa)
– Engineering Council (Birleşik Kırallık)
– Engineers Ireland (Irlanda)
– MÜDEK (Türkiye)
– OE (Portekiz)
– RAEE (Rusya)
• Ocak 2011 itibariyle aşağıdaki 5 akretitasyon ajansı yetkilendirilmek için ENAEE
tarafından değerlendiriliyor:
– ARACIS (Romanya)
– KAUT (Polonya)
– NVAO (Hollanda ve Belçika’nın Flaman Bölgesi)
– OAQ (İsviçre)
– SKVC (Litvanya)
PAYZIN – BÜEE Danışma Kurulu Toplantısı, 21 Ocak 2011, Istanbul
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Mühendislik Programlarının Akreditasyonu için
EUR-ACE® Çerçeve Standartları
Temel özellikleri:
•
Bütün mühendislik dalları ve profilleri (teorik/uygulamalı) için
geçerli
•
Öğrencilere ne öğretileceğini değil, mezunlara kazandırılması
gereken nitelikleri (program çıktıları) tanımlıyor
•
Lisans (First Cycle) ve Yüksek Lisans (Second Cycle ) programlar
için farklı program çıktıları tanımlanıyor
Genel yapısı:
1. Lisans ve Y. Lisans programları için farklı program çıktıları
tanımları
2. Program değerlendirme ve akreditasyonu için sağlanması
gereken ölçütler
3. Program değerlendirme ve akreditasyonu prosedürleri
PAYZIN – BÜEE Danışma Kurulu Toplantısı, 21 Ocak 2011, Istanbul
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EUR-ACE® Çerçeve Standartları
Program Çıktıları(*)
•
•
Lisans ve Y. Lisans programları için farklı program çıktıları:
– Lisans (First Cycle ) programları için 21 program çıktısı
– Yüksek Lisans (Second Cycle ) programları için 23 program
çıktısı
Program çıktıları 6 başlık altında toplanıyor:
1. Knowledge and Understanding (Bilgi ve Anlama)
2. Engineering Analysis (Mühendislik Analizi)
3. Engineering Design (Mühendislik Tasarımı)
4. Investigations (İncelemeler)
5. Engineering Practice (Mühendislik Uygulaması)
6. Transferable (personal) Skills (Kişisel Beceriler)
(*) EUR-ACE Framework Standards for Accreditation of Engineering Programmes, 5 Kasım 2008,
www.enaee.eu
PAYZIN – BÜEE Danışma Kurulu Toplantısı, 21 Ocak 2011, Istanbul
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EUR-ACE Program Çıktıları Örneği:
Engineering Analysis (Mühendislik Analizi)
• First Cycle graduates should have:
– the ability to apply their knowledge and understanding to identify,
formulate and solve engineering problems using established methods;
– the ability to apply their knowledge and understanding to analyse
engineering products,processes and methods;
– the ability to select and apply relevant analytic and modelling methods.
• Second Cycle graduates should have:
– the ability to solve problems that are unfamiliar, incompletely defined,
and have competing specifications;
– the ability to formulate and solve problems in new and emerging areas
of their specialisation;
– the ability to use their knowledge and understanding to conceptualise
engineering models, systems and processes;
– the ability to apply innovative methods in problem solving.
PAYZIN – BÜEE Danışma Kurulu Toplantısı, 21 Ocak 2011, Istanbul
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International Engineering Alliance
(IEA)
• Mühendislik Yeterliklerinin ve Profesyonel Yetkinlikleri
karşılıklı tanınması için yapılmış 6 anlaşma:
– Washington Accord: 4-5 yıllık mühendislik programlarının
–
–
–
–
–
akreditasyonunun karşılıklı tanınması
Sidney Accord: 3 yıllık mühendislik teknolojisi programlarının
akreditasyonunun karşılıklı tanınması
Dublin Accord: 2 yıllık teknisyenlik programlarının
akreditasyonunun karşılıklı tanınması
Engineers Mobility Forum: Mühendislerin profesonel
yetkinliklerinin karşılıklı tanınması
Engineer Technologists Forum: Mühendislik Teknologlarının
profesonel yetkinliklerinin karşılıklı tanınması
APEC Engineers Forum: APEC ekonomik bölgesi profesonel
yetkinliklerinin karşılıklı tanınması
PAYZIN – BÜEE Danışma Kurulu Toplantısı, 21 Ocak 2011, Istanbul
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Washinton Accord Üyeleri
(WA Signatories)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Avustralya - Engineers Australia (1989)
ABD - ABET (1989)
Birleşik Kırallık - Engineering Council UK (1989) (*)
Chinese Taipei - Institute of Engineering Education Taiwan (2007)
Güney Afrika - Engineering Council of South Africa (1999)
Güney Kore - Accreditation Board for Engineering Education of Korea (2007)
Hong Kong China - The Hong Kong Institution of Engineers (1995)
Irlanda - Engineers Ireland (1989) (*)
Japonya - Japan Accreditation Board for Engineering Education (2005)
Kanada - Engineers Canada (1989)
Malezya - Board of Engineers Malaysia (2009)
Singapur - Institution of Engineers Singapore (2006)
Yeni Zelanda - Institution of Professional Engineers NZ (1989)
(*) EUR-ACE Etiketi verme yetkisi var
PAYZIN – BÜEE Danışma Kurulu Toplantısı, 21 Ocak 2011, Istanbul
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Washinton Accord Geçici Üyeleri
(Provisional Status)
1.
Almanya - German Accreditation Agency for Study Programs in
Engineering and Informatics (ASIIN) (*)
2.
Hindistan- National Board of Accreditation of All India Council for
Technical Education
3.
Pakistan - Pakistan Engineering Council
4.
Rusya - Russian Association for Engineering Education (RAEE) (*)
5.
Sri Lanka - Institution of Engineers Sri Lanka
6.
Türkiye – MÜDEK (*)
(*) EUR-ACE Etiketi verme yetkisi var
PAYZIN – BÜEE Danışma Kurulu Toplantısı, 21 Ocak 2011, Istanbul
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Washington, Sydney ve Dublin Accord
Program Çıktıları: IEA Graduate Attributes (*)
•
12 başlık altında toplanmış:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
•
Engineering Knowledge
Problem Analysis
Design/ development of solutions
Investigation
Modern Tool Usage
The Engineer and Society
Environment and Sustainability
Ethics
Individual and Team work
Communication
Project Management and Finance
Life long learning
Her başlık için WA, SA, DA için farklı özellikler tanımlanıyor
(*) Intenational Engineering Alliance Graduate Attributes and Professional Competencies,
version 2, 18 June 2009, www.washingtonaccord.org
PAYZIN – BÜEE Danışma Kurulu Toplantısı, 21 Ocak 2011, Istanbul
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IEA Graduate Attributes (1-4)
Differentiating
Characteristic
… for Washington
Accord Graduate
1
Engineering
Knowledge
2
Problem
Analysis
Complexity of
analysis
Identify, formulate, research
literature and analyse complex
engineering problems reaching
substantiated conclusions
using first principles of
mathematics, natural sciences
and engineering sciences.
3
Design/
development of
solutions
Breadth and
uniqueness of
engineering problems
i.e. the extent to
which problems are
original and to which
solutions have
previously been
identified or codified
Design solutions for complex
engineering problems and
design systems, components
or processes that meet
specified needs with
appropriate consideration for
public health and safety,
cultural, societal, and
environmental considerations
4
Investigation
Breadth and depth of
investigation and
experimentation
Conduct investigations of
complex problems using
research-based knowledge and
research methods including
design of experiments, analysis
and interpretation of data, and
synthesis of information to
provide valid conclusions.
Breadth and depth
of education and
type of knowledge,
both theoretical and
practical
Apply knowledge of
mathematics, science,
engineering fundamentals and
an engineering specialization
to the solution of complex
engineering problems
PAYZIN – BÜEE Danışma Kurulu Toplantısı, 21 Ocak 2011, Istanbul
… for Sydney Accord
Graduate
Apply knowledge of
mathematics, science,
engineering fundamentals and
an engineering specialization
to defined and applied
engineering procedures,
processes, systems or
methodologies.
Identify, formulate, research
literature and analyse broadlydefined engineering problems
reaching substantiated
conclusions using analytical
tools appropriate to their
discipline or area of
specialisation
Design solutions for broadlydefined engineering technology
problems and contribute to the
design of systems,
components or processes to
meet specified needs with
appropriate consideration for
public health and safety,
cultural, societal, and
environmental considerations.
Conduct investigations of
broadly-defined problems;
locate, search and select
relevant data from codes, data
bases and literature, design
and conduct experiments to
provide valid conclusions
… for Dublin
Accord Graduate
Apply knowledge of
mathematics, science,
engineering fundamentals and
an engineering specialization
to wide practical procedures
and practices.
Identify and analyse welldefined engineering problems
reaching substantiated
conclusions using codified
methods of analysis specific to
their field of activity
Design solutions for welldefined technical problems and
assist with the design of
systems, components or
processes to meet specified
needs with appropriate
consideration for public health
and safety, cultural, societal,
and environmental
considerations.
Conduct investigations of welldefined problems; locate and
search relevant codes and
catalogues, conduct standard
tests and measurements.
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IEA Graduate Attributes (5-8)
Differentiating
Characteristic
5
Modern Tool
Usage
Level of
understanding of the
appropriateness of
the tool
6
The Engineer
and Society
Level of knowledge
and responsibility
7
Environment
and
Sustainability
Type of solutions.
8
Ethics
Understanding and
level of practice
… for Washington
Accord Graduate
Create, select and apply
appropriate techniques,
resources, and modern
engineering and IT tools,
including prediction and
modelling, to complex
engineering activities, with an
understanding of the limitations
Apply reasoning informed by
contextual knowledge to
assess societal, health, safety,
legal and cultural issues and
the consequent responsibilities
relevant to professional
engineering practice.
Understand the impact of
professional engineering
solutions in societal and
environmental contexts and
demonstrate knowledge of and
need for sustainable
development.
Apply ethical principles and
commit to professional ethics
and responsibilities and norms
of engineering practice
… for Sydney Accord
Graduate
… for Dublin
Accord Graduate
Select and apply appropriate
techniques, resources, and
modern engineering and IT
tools, including prediction and
modelling, to broadly-defined
engineering activities, with an
understanding of the
limitations.
Demonstrate understanding of
the societal, health, safety,
legal and cultural issues and
the consequent responsibilities
relevant to engineering
technology practice.
Apply appropriate techniques,
resources, and modern
engineering and IT tools to
well-defined engineering
activities, with an awareness of
the limitations.
Understand the impact of
engineering technology
solutions in societal societal
and environmental context and
demonstrate knowledge of and
need for sustainable
development.
Understand and commit to
professional ethics and
responsibilities and norms of
engineering technology
practice.
Understand the impact of
engineering technician
solutions in societal societal
and environmental context and
demonstrate knowledge of and
need for sustainable
development.
Understand and commit to
professional ethics and
responsibilities and norms of
technician practice.
PAYZIN – BÜEE Danışma Kurulu Toplantısı, 21 Ocak 2011, Istanbul
Demonstrate knowledge of the
societal, health, safety, legal
and cultural issues and the
consequent responsibilities
relevant to engineering
technician practice.
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IEA Graduate Attributes (9-12)
Differentiating
Characteristic
9
Individual and
Team work
Role in and diversity
of team
10
Communication
Level of
communication
according to type of
activities performed
11
Project
Management
and Finance
Level of management
required for differing
types of activity
12
Life long
learning
Preparation for and
depth of continuing
learning
… for Washington
Accord Graduate
Function effectively as an
individual, and as a member or
leader in diverse teams and in
multi-disciplinary settings
Communicate effectively on
complex engineering activities
with the engineering
community and with society at
large, such as being able to
comprehend and write effective
reports and design
documentation, make effective
presentations, and give and
receive clear instructions.
Demonstrate knowledge and
understanding of engineering
and management principles
and apply these to one’s own
work, as a member and leader
in a team, to manage projects
and in multidisciplinary
environments.
Recognize the need for, and
have the preparation and ability
to engage in independent and
life-long learning in the
broadest context of
technological change
… for Sydney Accord
Graduate
Function effectively as an
individual, and as a member or
leader in diverse technical
teams.
Communicate effectively on
broadly-defined engineering
activities with the engineering
community and with society at
large, by being able to
comprehend and write effective
reports and design
documentation, make effective
presentations, and give and
receive clear instructions
Demonstrate knowledge and
understanding of engineering
management principles and
apply these to one’s own work,
as a member and leader in a
team and to manage projects
in multidisciplinary
environments
Recognize the need for, and
have the ability to engage in
independent and life-long
learning in specialist
technologies.
PAYZIN – BÜEE Danışma Kurulu Toplantısı, 21 Ocak 2011, Istanbul
… for Dublin
Accord Graduate
Function effectively as an
individual, and as a member in
diverse technical teams
Communicate effectively on
well-defined engineering
activities with the engineering
community and with society at
large, by being able to
comprehend the work of
others, document their own
work, and give and receive
clear instructions
Demonstrate knowledge and
understanding of engineering
management principles and
apply these to one’s own work,
as a member and leader in a
technical team and to manage
projects in multidisciplinary
environments
Recognize the need for, and
have the ability to engage in
independent updating in the
context of specialized technical
knowledge
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IEA Graduate Attributes
Örnek: Problem Analysis
2
Problem
Analysis
Differentiating
Characteristic
… for Washington
Accord Graduate
… for Sydney Accord
Graduate
… for Dublin
Accord Graduate
Complexity of
analysis
Identify, formulate,
research literature and
analyse complex
engineering problems
reaching substantiated
conclusions using first
principles of
mathematics, natural
sciences and
engineering sciences.
Identify, formulate,
research literature and
analyse broadly-defined
engineering problems
reaching substantiated
conclusions using
analytical tools
appropriate to their
discipline or area of
specialisation
Identify and analyse
well-defined engineering
problems reaching
substantiated
conclusions using
codified methods of
analysis specific to their
field of activity
PAYZIN – BÜEE Danışma Kurulu Toplantısı, 21 Ocak 2011, Istanbul
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Türkiye’deki Durum:
MÜDEK Program Çıktıları (*)
•
•
İlk sürümünde ABET program çıktıları kullanılmıştı
İkinci sürümü EUR-ACE program çıktıları ve WA
program çıktıları (2005 ver.) gözetilerek hazırlandı
Örnek: Problem analizi ile ilgili MÜDEK Çıktısı (iii)
Karmaşık mühendislik problemlerini saptama,
tanımlama, formüle etme ve çözme becerisi; bu
amaçla uygun analiz ve modelleme yöntemlerini
seçme ve uygulama becerisi.
(*) Mühendislik Lisans Programları Değerlendirme Ölçütleri, Sürüm 2.0, 26.12.2008,
www.mudek.org.tr
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Teşekkürler
erbil@payzin.com
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