Booz & Company
Beijing, 25 September 2009
General Aviation
Implementation Support (GAIS)
Airworthiness Module (Revised)
1st Revision: October, 2010
Final Revision: October, 2011
This document is confidential and is intended solely for
the use and information of the client to whom it is addressed.
Purpose of Document
 The intent of this document is to provide a detailed handover of all analysis and materials relating to regulatory gap
studies on Airworthiness Module as part of deliverables for General Aviation Implementation Support (GAIS) project
funded by the US Trade Development Administration (USTDA)
 The study focuses on drawing general aviation (GA) regulatory experience and insights from the U.S. because:
– The U.S. has the most established and successful GA industry with a mature regulatory system that increases GA
capacity and efficiency while maintaining safety
– ACP is an U.S. organization with its members consisting of FAA and key GA aircraft and equipment manufacturers
with global presence. ACP member firms are best able to share GA regulatory, management, technological and
operational experiences from the U.S.
 Analysis has been conducted and completed by Booz & Company with active contribution from Civil Aviation
Administration of China (CAAC), Development Research Center of the State Council (DRC), Aviation Industry
Corporation of China (AVIC), ACP members and other key stakeholders
 For further information please contact:
– Mr. Paul Fiduccia (PFiduccia@aol.com)
– Mr. Frank Yu (dongfang.yu@ge.com)
– Mr. Kevin Wu (kevinwu@textron.com)
– Dr. Edward Tse (edward.tse@booz.com)
– Mr. Yang Guang (guang.yang@booz.com)
– Mr. Timothy Wong (timothy.wong@booz.com)
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1
This is one of the seven sets of deliverables developed for ACP
GAIS project
ACP General Aviation Implementation Support (GAIS)
List of Deliverables
Executive Summary
1
2
4
5
6
Safety
Module
General
Aviation Airport
Module
Airworthiness
Module
Flight
Standards
Module
Operators
Module
GA
Associations
Module
GA Safety
Regulation
GA Airport
Regulations
Airworthiness
Regulations
Flight Standards
Regulations
Regulatory
Constraints for
Operators
Roles of GA
Associations
Safety Oversight
Organizational
Structure
GA Airport
Planning & Design
Type and
Production
Certifications
Mechanics
GA Aircraft
Ownership
Case Studies
Safety
Performance
Measurement
GA Airport
Funding
Aircraft
Registration and
Certification
Pilots
GA Operating
Cost
Main
Module
Sub - Module
3
Safety culture and
promotion
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In China, GA refers to all civil aircrafts activities other than public
aircraft transportation activities
NON EXHAUSTIVE
Definition of General Aviation
China:
General Aviation refers to all civil aircrafts activities other
than public aircraft transportation activities. Including
flight operations associated with industrial, agricultural,
forestry, fishery and construction, and other purpose
operations such as medical and sanitation, emergency
rescue, Meteorological sounding, ocean monitoring,
scientific experiments, education and training, culture
and sports etc.
FAA:
General aviation (GA) refers to all flights other than military
and scheduled airline flights, both private and
commercial.
ICAO:
General aviation comprises all aircraft that are not operated
by commercial aviation or by the military.
(*)
(1)
(2)
(3)
Source:
Three Main Categories of General Aviation Flight Activities*
General Aviation
Public Service
Economic
Construction
Consumer
Aviation
Agriculture
Aerial
Photography
Training and
Sports
Forestry
Mine
Exploration
Tourism
Meteorology
Petroleum
Services
Business Travel
Disaster Relief
Others2
Private Use
Others1
CAAC categorization
Others include aircraft seeding, pest control, farming and emergency rescue
Others include remote sensing, power line services and industrial associated applications
Non scheduled commercial operations include air taxi and air charter operations
Committee of General Aviation Specialist of China Aviation Industrial Base (CAIB), CAAC and Booz Allen analysis
Booz & Company
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Non scheduled
commercial
operations3
3
Airworthiness Module aims to identify opportunities to simplify
airworthiness management of general aviation aircraft in China
 The main objective of Airworthiness Module is to conduct regulatory gap analysis to identify
opportunities to simplify airworthiness management of general aviation (GA) aircraft in China
 The scope of Airworthiness Module is as follows:
– Review FAA’s regulations in ensuring initial airworthiness of general aviation aircraft
– Review corresponding CAAC’s regulations
– Identify regulatory gaps
– Recommend steps to improve airworthiness management of GA aircraft
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Summary of observations and recommendations for Module 3:
Airworthiness (1/2)
Module 3: Airworthiness
Key Areas
 Airworthiness
regulations
Booz & Company
U.S. (FAA) Observations
China (CAAC) Observations
 In the US, FAA has stipulated
 The VTC process leverages the
regulatory requirements for
work from primary airworthiness
different GA segments, e.g.:
country to reduce the applicants’
– Requirements for experimental
burden - it requires on-site visits to
amateur-built aircraft and light
the original aircraft manufacturer
sport aircraft
 China lacks simple but concise
 FAA also works closely with
guidance materials in the following
industry association to provide
areas:
necessary guidance and
– CAAC and industry guide to
information for:
product design and production
– Amateur build aircraft
certification
– The FAA and Industry Guide to
– Summary of requirements
Product Certification (CPI Guide)
involved in acquiring, owning,
guide is jointly prepared by FAA,
operating, and maintaining a
AIA and GAMA
private aircraft
– Plane Sense - introduces aircraft  China does not have clear
owners and operators, or
regulatory requirements for selfprospective aircraft owners and
built aircraft despite reporting of
operators, to basic information
test flying activities and accidents
about the requirements involved
in acquiring, owning, operating,
and maintaining a private aircraft
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Recommendations
 Work with GA industry stakeholders
to review and streamline VTC
requirements
 Work with manufacturers and
suppliers to produce CAACIndustry guidance material on
aircraft design and production
certification
 Produce a guidance that
summarizes requirements involved
in acquiring, owning, operating, and
maintaining a private aircraft
(similar to Plane Sense)
 Draft advisory circular related to
airworthiness requirements for
experimental amateur-built aircraft
 Issue LSA related regulations and
rules for inclusion in the aircraft
airworthiness requirements
5
Summary of observations and recommendations for Module 3:
Airworthiness (2/2)
Module 3: Airworthiness
Key Areas
U.S. (FAA) Observations
China (CAAC) Observations
 Aircraft
 In the US, it generally takes less
 Some of the requirements are
registration and
than 1 month to register and obtain
either duplicative or inconsistent
certification
aircraft certificate for registration
across different regulations (e.g.
process
and airworthiness
CCAR 285)
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Recommendations
 Work with GA industry to simplify
and shorten aircraft registration and
certification process
6
Executive summary
Airworthiness regulations
Type and production certifications
Aircraft registration and certification
Appendix
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GA stakeholders have highlighted several regulatory and
administrative shortcomings related to GA airworthiness
Key Takeaways from Interviews and Questionnaire
 For experimental amateur-built aircraft, it is difficult to get type certification due to
lack of necessary regulations and procedures
Lack of
regulatory
guidance
Lack of
understanding of
regulatory
requirements
 Most of the potential buyers of aircraft do not understand what exactly needs to be
done and where to start
 CAAC and the regional bureaus sometimes do not have conformed understanding
- some options are approved by regional bureaus, but ruled out by CAAC
 There are lack of standards and useful reference or guidance materials provided
by CAAC
Onerous approval
process
 The overall certification process from design, production to registration and
airworthiness certification are lengthy
 There are unnecessary administrative procedures and processes that require:
– Large amount (and at time repetitive) of paperwork
– Frequent visits to different CAAC offices
 Aircraft purchase processes are taken too long and some of the processes are
repetitive
Source: Booz & Company analysis
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We have identified differences in three areas which have impacted
the effectiveness of current airworthiness regulatory system
Key Areas
1
Airworthiness
regulations
Key Differences
Impact
 CAAC needs to review and incorporate provisions of Light
Sport Aircraft (as stipulated in AC-21-AA-2009-25) in CCAR
Part 21
 Current production and test flying
of experimental amateur built
aircraft cause safety concerns
and restrict the growth of amateur
built aircraft
 CAAC does not have clear airworthiness regulatory
requirements for amateur built experiment (kit built) aircraft
 The VTC process is complicated and lengthy - it requires on-  Resource consuming for
site visits to the original aircraft manufacturer
applicants
2
 China lacks simple but concise guidance materials in the

following areas:
– CAAC and industry guide to product design and production 
certification
– Guidance for experimental amateur-built aircraft certification
VTC and industry
guidelines
3
 Aircraft registration process is complex and restrictive for
applicants
Aircraft registration
and certification
 China lacks a guidance that summarizes requirements
involved in acquiring, owning, operating, and maintaining a
private aircraft
Confusion in interpretation of
regulations
Inconsistency in regulatory
compliance
 Resource (time and cost)
consuming for applicants as well
as CAAC
 Inconsistency in regulatory
compliance
Source: Booz & Company analysis
Booz & Company
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1
Airworthiness Regulations
China does not have clear regulatory requirements for self-built
aircraft despite reporting of test flying activities and accidents
广东男子7万自制飞机视频走红网络
重庆小伙自制飞机飞上300多米天
空
2008年10月26日 来源：新华网/华龙网
2008-6-30
来源：中国台州网
10月25日，彭聪驾驶自制飞机
成功起飞
当日，重庆市江津区电信
局员工彭聪在江津长江水面上
驾驶自己制造的飞机成功起飞
，并飞上了320米高空。制造这
架飞机，彭聪用时5年，耗资10
多万元，经过无数次试验才最
终成功
浙江64岁老汉驾自制飞机坠落被调查
2008-04-15 来源：天津北方网
CAAC needs to
stipule clearly
airworthiness
requirements and
guidance for
experimental
amateur-built
segments
北京市一工人自制小飞机坠毁 驾驶员受
伤
2007年04月11日 来源：京华时报
上周，浙江一位64岁的飞行爱
好者在驾驶自己组装的超轻型
飞机时失去控制，飞机损毁严
重，所幸人员无恙…去年底，
他从杭州买来零件，自己组装
了一架“小蜜蜂3C”超轻型飞
机，迫不及待地进行试飞时， China permit ultralight under Part 103;
Aircraft that are above ultralight weight
结果险象环生
Source: Media reporting, Booz & Company analysis
Booz & Company
limited could be permitted under
experimental amateur-built-experimental
ACP GAIS - 3_Airworthiness_Revised Oct 2011_EN_vf.ppt
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….两年前，40岁的陈昭荣正式
开始在村里造直升机。从组装
开始，他就不停在门前的空地
上摆弄，拉去别人家里请人焊
接等等。6个月前，他组装好直
升机，“样子跟任何的一架直
升机都不一样，是我自己做的
，发动机是买来的一个二手发
动机。”造飞机的全部花费，
陈昭荣估计是六七万元…
30歲的李賢鋒已住院兩天，他
是為了自己的“飛天夢”而受傷
。
4月8日上午，完全沒有駕
駛經驗的李賢鋒駕駛一架小飛機
衝向天空。兩分鐘後，飛機從50
米的高度墜毀。那是李賢鋒手工
制造的飛機，他說用了幾年的時
間。自己制造一架飛機並飛起來
———以維修保齡球器具為職業
的李賢鋒，為這樣的夢想“癡狂
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1
Airworthiness Regulations
In the US, FAA has stipulated regulatory requirements for
experimental amateur-built aircraft and LSA
Categories of FAA Special Airworthiness Certificate
Category
Purpose(s)
Title 14 CFR
Section
 Primary
 Aircraft flown for pleasure and
personal use
 21.24
 21.184
 Restricted
 Aircraft with a "restricted" category
type certificate, including: Agricultural
 Forest and wildlife conservation
 Aerial surveying
 Patrolling (pipelines, power lines)
 Weather control
 Aerial advertising
 Other operations specified by the
Administrator
 21.25
 21.185
 Multiple
 Multiple airworthiness certificates
 21.187
 Limited
 Aircraft with a "limited" category type
certificate (conversion of military
aircraft for civilian use)
 21.189
 Light-Sport
 Operate a light-sport aircraft, other
than a gyroplane, kit-built, or
transitioning ultralight like vehicle
 21.190
 Provisional
 Aircraft with a "provisional" category
type certificate for special operations
and operating limitations
 part 21
subpart C
 part 21
subpart I
 section 91.317
Category
Purpose(s)
 Experimental










 Special
Flight
Permit
 Special-purpose flight of an aircraft that is
capable of safe flight (though may not
currently meet applicable airworthiness
requirements), for the purposes of :
– Flying aircraft to a point for repairs,
alterations, maintenance, or storage.
– Delivering new aircraft to the base of a
purchaser or to a storage point.
– Conducting production flight tests.
– Evacuating an aircraft from impending
danger.
– Conducting customer demonstration
flights in new production aircraft that
have passed or completed production
flight tests.
– Excess weight operations.
Research and development
Showing compliance with regulations
Crew training
Exhibition
Air racing
Market surveys
Operating amateur-built aircraft
Operating kit-built aircraft
Operating light-sport aircraft
Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS)
Title 14 CFR
Section
 21.191
 21.193
 21.195
 21.197
Source: FAA
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Airworthiness Regulations
FAA issues experimental certificates for amateur-built aircraft and
LSA to fly
Experimental Certificates (FAR21.191)
Purpose
 Research and
development
Explanation
 To conduct aircraft operations as a matter of research or to determine if an idea warrants further development. Typical
uses for this certificate include new equipment installations, operating techniques, or new uses for aircraft
 Showing compliance  To show compliance to the airworthiness regulations when an applicant has revised the type certificate design data or
with regulations
has applied for a supplemental type certificate or field approval
 Crew training
 For training the applicant’s flight crews in experimental aircraft for subsequent operation of aircraft being flight tested in
type certificate programs or for production flight testing
 Exhibition
 To exhibit an aircraft’s flight capabilities, performance, or unusual characteristics for air shows, motion pictures,
television, and similar productions, and for the maintenance of exhibition flight proficiency
 Air racing
 To operate an aircraft in air races, practice for air races, and to fly to and from racing events
 Market surveys
 To conduct market surveys, sales demonstrations, and customer crew training for U.S. manufacturers of aircraft or
engines
 Operating amateurbuilt aircraft
 To operate an amateur-built aircraft in which the major portion has been fabricated and assembled by persons for their
own recreation or education
 Primary category kit
 To operate a primary category aircraft that was assembled by a person from a kit manufactured by the holder of a
production certificate for that kit, without the supervision and quality control of the production certificate holder
 Operating light-sport Operating a light-sport aircraft that:
aircraft
 Has not been issued a U.S. or foreign airworthiness certificate and does not meet the provisions of 14 CFR section
103.1. An experimental certificate will not be issued under this paragraph for these aircraft after January 31, 2008;
 Has been assembled:
– From an aircraft kit for which the applicant can provide the information required by 14 CFR section 21.193(e); and
– In accordance with manufacturer's assembly instructions that meet applicable consensus standard; or
 Has been previously issued a special airworthiness certificate in the light-sport category under 14 CFR section 21.190
Source: FAA
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Airworthiness Regulations
These experimental certificates provide much more relaxed
certification requirements
Comparison between Type Certified and Experimental Aircraft
Type Certificated Aircraft
Basic Requirements
Experimental Amateur-built Aircraft
 An airplane produced in accordance with 14 CFR Part  An experimental amateur-built aircraft is an aircraft
23 must meet a number of requirements intended to
that has not met any minimum performance
ensure airworthiness in areas such as performance,
standards required by 14 CFR Part 23
stability, controllability, and safety mechanisms
Marking Requirement  No particular marking required if comply with type
certificated aircraft category
 Need to properly mark the aircraft as “Experimental
Aircraft”
 Must display a visible placard stating “Passenger
Warning: This aircraft is amateur-built and does not
comply with Federal safety regulations for standard
aircraft.”
Type of
Airworthiness
Certificate
 Mostly Standard Airworthiness Certificate (Standard)
 Some require Special Airworthiness Certificate
(Special)
 Special Airworthiness Certificate
Operating
Limitations
 No specific operating limitations for Standard
 Comply with Order 8130.2 for Special
 Must comply with Order 8130.2
Source: AC 20-27F, Order 8130.2F, FAA Aviation News
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Airworthiness Regulations
FAA also works closely with industry association to provide
necessary guidance and information for amateur build aircraft
Process of Certifying and Operating an
Amateur-built Aircraft - FAA Example
Want to build an aircraft
Contact the nearest FAA office for guidance & info
Design and construct the aircraft
 FAA encourages amateur aircraft
builders to ask for help in design and
constructing the aircraft in the following
ways through Experimental Aircraft
Association (EAA) for guidance, other
person with expertise or commercial
help recommended by the FAA
 FAA also provides detailed Advisory
Circulars, Orders and publications for
amateur builders to learn and digest
Register the aircraft
Identify and mark the aircraft
Apply for airworthiness certificate
Flight test and maintain the aircraft
Source: AC 20-27F, Order 8130.2F, FAA Aviation News, China news search
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Airworthiness Regulations
China has recently issued an advisory circular on LSA
airworthiness but specific requirements on airmen and operations
CAAC Advisory Circular on Light Sport Aircraft (LSA)
AC-21-AA-2009-25
Comments
This AC include type
certification,
production
certification and
airworthiness
certification for LSA
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 The Advisory Circular concerning
airworthiness requirements of Light Sport
Aircraft (LSA) category was recently
released in May 2009
 It provides an official category of GA
segment in China
 Subsequently, the development of relative
regulations, procedures and forms
requirements regarding LSA needs to be
carried out as soon as possible
 CAAC also needs to review the need for
special provisions for airmen and
operational requirements specific to LSA
as practiced in the U.S. (please refer to
Flight Standards Module)
15
2 VTC and industry guidelines
A validation of type certificate (VTC) needs to be obtained for
products (aircraft, aircraft engine and propeller) imported to China
VTC Applicability
Comments
 According to the Chinese authority law
and regulation requirement and Validation
Procedure for Import Civil Aviation
Products and Parts (AP2101), the Chinese
VTC for an import aircraft is a prerequisite
to issuance of a Chinese Certificate of
Airworthiness
 An engine or propeller also should get a
Chinese VTC, unless the engine or
propeller is validated as part of the aircraft
 The detailed procedures for issuance of
Chinese Validation Type Certificate are
prescribed in CAAC AP2101
 Any import aircraft or aircraft engines or
propellers needs to apply for VTC before
the Chinese authority to issue a
airworthiness certificate
 Adopting supplement modifications or
improvements to the existing VTC model
needs to re-apply for VSTC (S for
supplement) before they can come in to
China
 The process for VSTC are similar to VTC however project complexity might be
reduced
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2 VTC and industry guidelines
The VTC process is complicated and lengthy - it requires on-site
visits to the original aircraft manufacturer
Validation Type Certificate (VTC) Process and Requirements
Document Submission
 CAAC-AAD issues Notification of
Acceptance
 Examination fee
 CAAC establish examination team
 Establish type validation basis and
perform on-site engineering review
 Review manufacturer’s quality
assurance system
 Sign final validation meeting minutes
 The documents to be provided to
CAAC-ADD project team needs to
include over 10 sets of document
Acceptance of Application
Initial Familiarization Meeting
Certification
Noise Requirements
Fuel Venting and Exhaust
Emission Requirements
 Application form AAC-021 for manufacturer to fill in
and pass to FAA then to CAAC
 Recommendation letter and general product
description from FAA to CAAC
 Description of design features and basic
specification of product include three-view drawing
 A copy of the FAA type certificate and type
certificate data sheet
 A copy of all FAA special conditions, equivalent
safety items and exemptions from the
airworthiness, fuel venting and exhaust emission,
or noise requirements
 A compliance checklist with certification basis
Comments
 CAAC only validate the FAA type certification
from export country, which require less work for
both CAAC and the applicant
 Feedback from interviewees: “Current VTC
process is too time consuming and costly” this will lead to fewer GA airplanes available in
China
Source: FAA, CAAC and industry interviews, Booz & Company analysis
Booz & Company
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2 VTC and industry guidelines
Regulations and guidance on experimental amateur built
airworthiness certification is lacking
GA Manufacturer Interview Quotes
Key Takeaways
“My project will never materialize if I
go through the proper process”
 General aviation aircraft manufacturer/
entrepreneurs are not clear of CAAC’s
approval process for GA aircraft production
(e.g. balloons, sports aircraft etc.)
 There are no clear standards/ guidelines to
ensure an efficient certification review and
approval process
 Part of these are because China currently
does not have a strong aircraft design
capability or demand - however, we think
that the application procedures should be
simplified in order to encourage more
individuals or companies to participate in
aircraft design and production
“I will design and build my
aircraft first and deal with
certification and registration
matters later”
“The VTC application process is
lengthy and costly”
Source: Industry interviews
Booz & Company
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3
Aircraft registration and certification
In the US, it generally takes less than 1 month to register and
obtain aircraft certificate for registration and airworthiness
FAA Aircraft Certification Process
Aircraft Registration
12-16 Days
Check Eligibility of
Registration
Submit Aircraft
Registration
Package
FAA Issue Aircraft
Registration
Certification
Identify Type of
Airworthiness
Certificate Needed
Submit Application
to Local FAA Office
FAA Decision
Airworthiness Certification
7-14 Days




The registration requirements are very clear and easy to follow
All process and forms required are easy to find on FAA website
FAA also has “Information Aid” document to answer general problems occur during certification process
There are also local office contract details for applicant who might have individual enquiries
Source: FAA
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Aircraft registration and certification
However, in China, there process normally takes 2-6 month to
complete
ILLUSTRATIVE
Aircraft Certification Process in China
手续完成
总计2-6个月
适航审定
大约1-2个月
初期申请
大约需要1-2个月
飞机登记
大约半个月
 航空器国籍登记
 航空器所有权登记
 非经营性通航活动登记
 民航局允许购机许可
 交付购机申请
 等待海关报批
 特许飞行证
 标准/特殊适航证
 无线电台执照
 After the aircraft registration, the pilot/owner of the
aircraft can apply for airspace and filing flight plan
 The whole process is time consuming and complex
 Many private aircraft buyers postpone their
purchasing decision because of this
 During the down time, the owner of the aircraft still
have to incur depreciation cost
Source: CAAC, industry interview
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3
Aircraft registration and certification
Compare to the FAA, the CAAC has more complex and restrictive
administrative requirements for aircraft registration…
Typical Aircraft Registration Process
Typical Aircraft Registration Process
FAA
CAAC
No Documents
Required
 Only need to comply
with the law, no
need to filing any
documents
Eligibility of
Registration
Acquire Credentials
Submit Aircraft Logo Marking Plan
Submit Aircraft Registration Application
Key forms included
 Evidence of
ownership
 Identity number
 Registration marking
Apply for Aircraft ID Number
All included in
one package
May need to redo
if a form is not
filled in properly
Aircraft Registration Branch Process the
Application
Airworthiness Contact Office
Process the Application




Registration application
Evidence of ownership
Applicant ID document
Evidence of the aircraft
not registered
elsewhere
 Other documents
required
Aircraft Certification Obtained
Aircraft Registered
Source: FAA, CAAC, industry interview, Booz & Company analysis
ACP GAIS - 3_Airworthiness_Revised Oct 2011_EN_vf.ppt
Apply for Aircraft
Registration
Submit Application
Aircraft Registered
Booz & Company
Documents
Required
 Purchasing purpose
 ID document
 Police record
 Feasibility study
 Pilot license
 Intent Contract with
base airport
Prepared for ACP
 Applicant to fill in “NonCommercial GA
Registration
Administration”
21
3
Aircraft registration and certification
… as well as airworthiness certification (normally completed by
the manufacture after registration)
Typical Airworthiness Certification Process
Typical Airworthiness Certification Process
FAA (Local-made Aircraft)
CAAC (Imported Aircraft)
Contact FAA Local Office for Direct Guidance
on Airworthiness Certification
Applicant Registration with Local
CAAC Office
FAA Safety Inspectors Assists the Applicant
in Conducting Aircraft Inspection
Submit Airworthiness Application
Submit Airworthiness Application
Apply for Temp Certificate for Testing Flight
One form required
 Aircraft Designation
 Certification Type
 Owner’s Certification
 Inspection Agency Verification
 FAA Representative Certification
 Production Flight Testing
All included in
one package
Certification
Issuance
 Application
content required
here is somewhat
similar to the FAA
- however in
different forms
Local Airworthiness Certification Office
Process the Application
Local Manufacturing Inspection District
Office Process the Application
Issuance of Airworthiness Certificate
 Not directly
comparable
Issuance of Airworthiness Certificate
CAAC has different
sequence in this
process compare to
the FAA
Source: FAA, CAAC, industry interview, Booz & Company analysis
Booz & Company
ACP GAIS - 3_Airworthiness_Revised Oct 2011_EN_vf.ppt
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22
3
Aircraft registration and certification
Some of the requirements are either duplicative or inconsistent
across different regulations
Issues Identified from CAAC Regulation and Requirements
Duplication
 Some of the documents required are duplicative and
should be simplified if possible
 E.g. Some of the clauses under Aircraft Purchase
Application and Non-Commercial GA Registration
Administration are the same
Ambiguity
 There are requirements in several regulatory document
stating “other documents required” which are not clear
to the applicant in terms of what exactly is needed to
complete the certification process
Inconsistency
 Minor contradiction exists for Ultralight Aircraft
– For example, in CCAR 91, it is not required for this
category aircraft to go through aircraft certification
process - however, it is treated the same as all other
categories in CCAR 285
 Some of the economic regulations does not agree with
each other
– For example, in CCAR 45 and 49, nowhere it said
that the owner of the aircraft needs to be a pilot in
order to register its aircraft, however, CCAR 285
requires it
Adverse Impact on Buyers
 To prospective private aircraft
owners, these requirements
can slow down the application
process significantly
 Most of these buyers only
want to experience flying,
however, the complex
administrative packages and
processes have become a
burden and stopped
willingness to buy
Source: FAA, CAAC, industry interview, Booz & Company analysis
Booz & Company
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23
We recommend six initiatives that will improve the effectiveness
and efficiency of the current GA regulatory system
Key Areas
Key Recommendations
1
 Draft advisory circular related to airworthiness requirements
1.1
for experimental amateur-built aircraft
Airworthiness
regulations
1.2
 Issue LSA related regulations and rules for inclusion in the
aircraft airworthiness requirements
2
2.1
 Work with GA industry stakeholders to review and
streamline VTC requirements
VTC and industry
guidelines
2.2
 Work with manufacturers and suppliers to produce CAAC-
Industry guidance material on aircraft design and production
certification
3
 Work with GA industry to simplify and shorten aircraft
3.1
registration and certification process
Aircraft registration
and certification
3.2
 Produce a guidance that summarizes requirements involved
in acquiring, owning, operating, and maintaining a private
aircraft (similar to Plane Sense)
Expected Benefits
 Improve safety
 More appropriate
requirements for recreational
GA segments
 New technology development
 Shortened approval duration
and reduce cost
 More aircraft available for
China GA growth
 Reduced cost to CAAC
 Improved efficiency
 Reduced cost to GA operators
 Reduced workload to CAAC
 One stop information for all
related regulatory
requirements and forms
Source: Booz & Company analysis
Booz & Company
ACP GAIS - 3_Airworthiness_Revised Oct 2011_EN_vf.ppt
Prepared for ACP
24
1.1
We have also drawn up high level descriptions of necessary tasks
for each of the recommended initiatives (1/6)
Initiative (1.1)
Initiative
 Draft advisory circular related to
airworthiness requirements for
experimental amateur-built aircraft
Task 1: Product Definition
 Work with FAA specialists and industry
experts on definition for experimental
amateur-built aircraft
 Clarify and define approval requirements
and process - this should aim to encourage
amateur built aircraft
 Document processes and procedures
 Issue public consultation
Key Objectives
 Clarify and define approval requirements and process for experimental amateur built aircraft
 Provide guidelines on design (TC), production requirements and process
 Define registration and airworthiness certification requirements for these type of aircraft
Task 2: Airworthiness Approval
 Use the FAA AC 20-27 and Order 8130.2
Section 7 Experimental Amateur Built
Airworthiness Certification as a guidance
as how to conduct approval and this also
maybe used as applicant reference
 CAAC needs to be reasonable in getting
the information required from the amateur
builders - as most case there is only one
aircraft involved - hence, production
certificate is only required if there are
duplications of aircraft
Stakeholders to be Consulted
 FAA
 Industry associations and experts
 Past and existing experimental amateur
aircraft builders
Booz & Company
Expected Benefits
 Improve safety
 More appropriate requirements for
recreational GA segments
 Increase use of experimental aircraft for
new technology development
ACP GAIS - 3_Airworthiness_Revised Oct 2011_EN_vf.ppt
Prepared for ACP
Task 3: Registration and Certification
 Consult industry experts and past amateur
builders on simplifying the process
Next Steps/Follow-up
 Set up steering committees/work groups
for each task
 Draft detailed scope and work plan
25
1.2
We have also drawn up high level descriptions of necessary tasks
for each of the recommended initiatives (2/6)
Initiative (1.2)
Initiative
 Issue LSA related regulations and rules for
inclusion in the aircraft airworthiness
requirements
Key Objectives
 Set up full regulations, rules, administrative procedures and advisory circulars for LSA
category
Task: LSA
 Recent issuance of Light Sports Aircraft advisory circular has made great impact on the GA industry - the subsequent procedures and forms
required needs to be carried out as soon as possible
 Consult stakeholders on relevant procedures required - again, this should aim to simplify the administrative processes
 Consult stakeholders on related importation procedures and processes
 China can take the lead in setting the electric LSA plane requirement and regulation standard
Stakeholders to be Consulted
 FAA
 Industry associations and experts
 Past and existing experimental amateur
aircraft builders
Booz & Company
Expected Benefits
 Improve safety
 More appropriate requirements for
recreational GA segments
 Increase use of experimental aircraft for
new technology development
ACP GAIS - 3_Airworthiness_Revised Oct 2011_EN_vf.ppt
Prepared for ACP
Next Steps/Follow-up
 Set up steering committees/work groups
for each task
 Draft detailed scope and work plan
26
2.1
We have also drawn up high level descriptions of necessary tasks
for each of the recommended initiatives (3/6)
Initiative (2.1)
Initiative
 Work with GA industry stakeholders to
review and streamline VTC requirements
Key Objectives
 Simplify current VTC processes and reduce cost for manufacturers
Task: Review and Streamline VTC Requirements




Baseline current VTC requirements
Consult stakeholders on current issues - suggest discussions scope limited to GA aircraft only
Decide jointly with stakeholders on where to reduce paper work and costs
Work with FAA to develop a agreement on VTC and SVTC exemptions - for example, minor modifications to products are exempt for VTC
procedures for certain category of GA aircrafts
 Document processes and procedures
 Issue public consultation
Stakeholders to be Consulted
Expected Benefits
 FAA specialists
 CASC and CATIC
 ACP and other non-Chinese manufacturers
 Shortened approval duration and reduce
cost
 More aircraft available for China GA growth
 Reduced cost to CAAC
Booz & Company
ACP GAIS - 3_Airworthiness_Revised Oct 2011_EN_vf.ppt
Prepared for ACP
Next Steps/Follow-up
 Set up steering committees/work groups
for each task
 Draft detailed scope and work plan
27
2.2
We have also drawn up high level descriptions of necessary tasks
for each of the recommended initiatives (4/6)
Initiative (2.2)
Initiative
 Work with manufacturers and suppliers to
produce CAAC-Industry guidance material
on aircraft design and production
certification
Key Objectives
 Provide direct guidance on aircraft design certification
 Provide direct guidance on aircraft production certification
Task 1: Aircraft Design Certification
Task 2: Aircraft Production Certification
 Baseline current aircraft type certification process and procedures
 Get industry input in how to make the process more efficient and
collaborative
 Document findings and procedures
 Publish CAAC-Industry guide on design certification
 Detailed examples can follow FAA CPI
Stakeholders to be Consulted




AVIC
FAA
GAMA
ACP
Booz & Company
 Baseline current aircraft production certification process and
procedures
 Get industry input in how to make the process more efficient and
collaborative
 Document findings and procedures
 Publish CAAC-Industry guide on production certification
Expected Benefits
 Shortened approval duration and reduce
cost
 More aircraft available for China GA growth
 Reduced cost to CAAC
ACP GAIS - 3_Airworthiness_Revised Oct 2011_EN_vf.ppt
Prepared for ACP
Next Steps/Follow-up
 Set up steering committees/work groups
for each task
 Draft detailed scope and work plan
28
3.1
We have also drawn up high level descriptions of necessary tasks
for each of the recommended initiatives (5/6)
Initiative (3.1)
Initiative
 Work with GA industry to simplify and
shorten aircraft registration and certification
process
Key Objectives
 This is aim to help individual purchase and importation of GA aircraft in China through
simplifying aircraft registration and certification process
Task 1: Aircraft Registration
Task 2: Airworthiness Certification
 Baseline current aircraft registration certification process and
procedures
 Review especially on individual aircraft purchase documentation
required - simplify or delete the “购机申请“ (aircraft purchasing
credentials)
 Compare with the FAA aircraft registration process and compile all
necessary documents into one package rather than let the applicant
going back and forth to acquire different piece of paper
 Modify existing requirements according to above findings
 Baseline current aircraft airworthiness certification process and
procedures
 Compare with the FAA airworthiness certification process and study
the possibility of involving safety inspectors at the right beginning of
the certification process
 Simply paper work and documentations processes for airworthiness
certification and compile all necessary documents into one package
 Modify existing requirements according to above findings
 Also, study possibilities of simplify or delete CCAR 285 as it appears
redundant and unnecessary
Stakeholders to be Consulted




AVIC
FAA
GAMA
ACP
Booz & Company
Expected Benefits
 Improved efficiency
 Reduced cost to GA operators
 Reduced workload to CAAC
ACP GAIS - 3_Airworthiness_Revised Oct 2011_EN_vf.ppt
Prepared for ACP
Next Steps/Follow-up
 Set up steering committees/work groups
for each task
 Draft detailed scope and work plan
29
3.2
We have also drawn up high level descriptions of necessary tasks
for each of the recommended initiatives (6/6)
Initiative (3.2)
Initiative
 Produce a guidance that summarizes
requirements involved in acquiring, owning,
operating, and maintaining a private
aircraft (similar to Plane Sense)
Key Objectives
 Develop a easy-understanding industry guidance to ease aircraft owning process for
individuals
Task: Provide Guidance for Individuals
 CAAC can ask industry associations to draft this guidance from an individual point of view - develop the guidance from the process of acquiring,
owning, operating and maintaining a private aircraft
 Use the FAA Plane Sense as a reference in each step
 CAAC to review the draft guidance and make recommendations
 Circulate for consultation and feedbacks
Stakeholders to be Consulted
 Industry associations
 GA enthusiasts / individual aircraft buyers
Booz & Company
Expected Benefits
 One stop information for all related
regulatory requirements and forms
ACP GAIS - 3_Airworthiness_Revised Oct 2011_EN_vf.ppt
Prepared for ACP
Next Steps/Follow-up
 Set up steering committees/work groups
for each task
 Draft detailed scope and work plan
30
Executive summary
Airworthiness regulations
Type and production certification
Aircraft registration and certification
Appendix
Booz & Company
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31
ICAO requires its member states to ensure airworthiness of
aircraft throughout their life cycle
ICAO Annex 8 Part II Recommended Procedures for Certification and Continuing Airworthiness
Original Airworthiness
Type Certification
 It defines the design of an
aircraft type and to certify
that this design meets the
appropriate airworthiness
requirements under the
anticipated operation
conditions
 Aircraft manufacturer
normally submit a request for
Type Certificate before serial
production
 It requires proof of
compliance with the
appropriate airworthiness
requirements (such as
documentary evidence,
inspections and ground and
flight tests)
Recurrent Airworthiness
Certificate of
Airworthiness
Production
 This ensures that each
aircraft, including parts
manufactured by subcontractors, conforms to the
approved design
 Proof of production control
and traceability of production
records are critical
considering factors
 A Certificate of Airworthiness
shall be issued on the basis
of satisfactory evidence that
the aircraft complies with the
design aspects of the
appropriate airworthiness
requirements and fit to fly
 It shall be renewed or shall
remain valid provided
continuing airworthiness of
the aircraft is demonstrated
through a system of
inspection
Continued Airworthiness
of Aircraft
 This is ensured through
proper maintenance of
aircraft
 Maintenance can include any
one or combination of
overhaul, inspection,
replacement, defect
rectification and the
embodiment of a modification
or repair
Source: ICAO Annex 8 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation - Airworthiness of aircraft, Booz & Company analysis
Booz & Company
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United States Code and Federal Aviation Regulation do not define
“airworthy” but FAA Order 8130.2F states two conditions that must
be met
FAA ORDER 8130.2F CHG 3 Airworthiness Certification of Aircraft and Related Products
Definition of “Airworthy”
“The aircraft must conform to its TC”
 Paragraph 9.a. of 8130.2F
 Conformity to type design is
considered attained when the aircraft
configuration and the components
installed are consistent with the
drawings, specifications, and other
data that are part of the Type
Certification (TC)
 This includes any supplemental type
certificate (STC) and field approved
alterations incorporated into the
aircraft
+
Paragraph 9.b. of 8130.2F:
“The aircraft must be in a condition
for safe operation”
 Paragraph 9.b. of 8130.2F
 It refers to the condition of the
aircraft with relation to wear and
deterioration
 For example, skin corrosion,
window delamination/crazing, fluid
leaks, and tire wear
=
“AIRWORTHY"
 If one or both of these conditions
are not met, the aircraft would be
considered unairworthy
 Aircraft that have not been issued a
TC must meet the requirements of
paragraph 9b above
Note:
1)
2)
The term “airworthy” is not defined in Title 49, United States Code (49 U.S.C.), or in 14 CFR
FAA ORDER 8130.2F CHG 3 Airworthiness Certification of Aircraft and Related Products - It establishes procedures for accomplishing original and recurrent airworthiness certification of aircraft
and related products. The procedures contained in this order apply to Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) manufacturing aviation safety inspectors (ASI), to FAA airworthiness ASIs, and to
private persons or organizations delegated authority to issue airworthiness certificates and related approvals
Source: FAA Order 8130.2F, Booz & Company analysis
Booz & Company
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Three primary Federal Aviation Regulations govern the
airworthiness of an aircraft in the U.S.
Three Primary Regulations Governing the Airworthiness of An Aircraft in the U.S.
14 CFR Part 21
Certification Procedures for Products
and Parts
 This regulation identifies the requirements
of and the procedures for obtaining type
certificates, supplemental type
certificates, production certificates,
airworthiness certificates, and import and
export approvals
14 CFR Part 43
Maintenance, Preventive
Maintenance, Rebuilding, and
Alterations
 It prescribes rules governing the
maintenance, preventive maintenance,
rebuilding, and alteration of aircraft
having U.S. airworthiness certificates
 It also applies to airframe, aircraft
engines, propellers, appliances, and
component parts of such aircraft
 It does not apply to any aircraft with
experimental certificate
 It is an operational regulation that is
focused toward the owner, operator,
and/or pilot of the aircraft
 Clause 91.7(a) states “no person may
operate a civil aircraft unless it is in an
airworthy condition.”
 Subpart E — Maintenance, Preventive
Maintenance,and Alterations describes in
general the rules regarding maintenance,
preventive maintenance and alteration
 Operating requirements (Parts 91, 121,
125, 135)
 Repair station
 Certification of pilots, airmen (Parts 61,
65)
 Certification of commercial operators
(Parts 119)
 Operating requirements (Parts 91, 121,
125, 135)
 Repair station (Part 145)
 FAA Orders 8900.1 Flight Standards
Information Management System
(FSIMS)
Other interlinked regulations
 Airworthiness standards for airplane,
rotorcraft and manned balloons (Parts 23,
25, 27, 29 and 31)
 Airworthiness standards for aircraft
engines and propellers (Parts 33, 35)
 Airworthiness Directives (Parts 39)
 Emission requirements (Parts 34, 36)
 FAA Orders 8110.4 Type certification and
8120.2 Production Approvals
Source: Federal Aviation Regulations, Booz & Company analysis
Booz & Company
14 CFR Part 91
General Operating and Flight Rules
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CAAC’s overall airworthiness regulations align closely with the
FAA
Comparison of the Airworthiness Regulations
Category
FAA
CAAC
Differences
 Airworthiness
management
 14 CFR Part 21 - Certification Procedures for Products and Parts
 CCAR-21-R2 & R3 民用航空产品和零部件
合格审定规定
 Nil
 Airworthiness
standards for
aircraft
 14 CFR Part 23 - Airworthiness Standards: Normal, Utility, Acrobatic,
and Commuter Category Airplanes
 14 CFR Part 25 - Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category
Airplanes
 14 CFR Part 27 - Airworthiness Standards: Normal Category Rotorcraft
 14 CFR Part 29 - Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category
Rotorcraft
 14 CFR Part 31 - Airworthiness Standards: Manned Free Balloons
 CCAR-23-R3 正常类、实用类、特技类和
通勤类飞机适航规定
 CCAR-25-R2 & R3 运输类飞机适航标准
 CCAR-27-R1 正常类旋翼航空器适航规定
 CCAR-29-R1 运输类旋翼航空器适航规定
 CCAR-31 民航总局第181号令 载人自由气
球适航规定
 Nil
 Airworthiness for
engines and
propellers
 14 CFR Part 33 - Airworthiness Standards: Aircraft Engines
 14 CFR Part 35 - Airworthiness Standards: Propellers
 CCAR-33-R1 中国民用航空总局关于修订
《航空发动机适航标准》的决定
 CCAR-35AA 螺旋桨适航标准
 Nil
 Other airborne
equipment
 Nil
 CCAR-37AA 民用航空材料、零部件和机载  CCAR-37AA
设备技术标准规定
 Emission
requirements
 14 CFR Part 34 - Fuel Venting and Exhaust Emission Requirements for  CCAR-34 涡轮发动机飞机燃油排泄和排气  Nil
Turbine Engine Powered Airplanes
排出物规定
 14 CFR Part 36 - Noise Standards: Aircraft Type and Airworthiness
 CCAR-36 & R1 航空器型号和适航合格审定
Certification
噪声规定
 Airworthiness
directives
 14 CFR Part 39 - Airworthiness Directives
 CCAR-39AA 民用航空器适航指令规定
 Nil
 Registration
 14 CFR Part 47 - Aircraft Registration
 CCAR-45-R1 民用航空器国籍登记规定
 Nil
Source: Booz & Company analysis
Booz & Company
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In addition the States Council also promulgated regulations for the
administration of the airworthiness of civil aircraft
 The States Council promulgated Regulations of the Peoples Republic of China for the
Administration of the airworthiness of Civil Aircraft in May 1987
 The regulations stipulate that airworthiness requirements shall be followed by:
– All units and individuals engaged in the designing, manufacturing, use and maintenance of civil
aircraft
– All units or individuals that export civil aircraft to the People's Republic of China
– All units or individuals that perform outside the People's Republic of China maintenance
services to aircraft registered in the People's Republic of China
 It also states that the Civil Aviation Administration of China shall be responsible for the
administration of the airworthiness of civil aircraft
Booz & Company
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However, there appear to be a regulatory difference between the
State Council one and CCAR 21
Regulations of the Airworthiness of Civil Aircraft of
the People’s Republic of China
Civil Aviation Products and Parts Certification
Requirements (CCAR 21)
 Details of “Design” procedures are not clear as how
to file for application to the “Ministry of Aviation
Industry” (航空工业部) - at least this is not found in
CCAR 21 related regulation procedures and
advisory circulars
第六条 任何单位或者个人设计民用航空器，应当持航
空工业部对该设计项目的审核批准文件，向民航局申请
型号合格证。民航局接受型号合格证申请后，应当按照
规定进行型号合格审定；审定合格的，颁发型号合格证
第七条 任何单位或者个人生产民用航空器，应当具有
必要的生产能力，并应当持本条例第六条规定的型号合
格证，经航空工业部同意后，向民航局申请生产许可证
。民航局接受生产许可证申请后，应当按照规定进行生
产许可审定；审定合格的，颁发生产许可证，并按照规
定颁发适航证。
 CCAR-21 (民用航空产品和零部件合格审定规定)
does not require the approval from other states
agency prior to the application of production
approval
 Details of “Production” filing procedures are not
clearly mentioned
任何单位或者个人未按照前款规定取得生产许可证的，
均不得生产民用航空器。但本条例第八条规定的除外
We recommend that “Regulations of the Airworthiness of Civil Aircraft of the
People’s Republic of China (1987)” be reviewed and the role of “Ministry
of Aviation Industry” to be clearly defined
Booz & Company
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Executive summary
Airworthiness regulations
Type and production certification
Aircraft registration and certification
Appendix
Booz & Company
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Type Certification
FAA issues type certification when the design of civil aircraft,
engine, or propeller complies with applicable regulations
Major Design Approvals (Type Certification)
Replacement / Alternation
Original Type
Certification
Design Approvals
Regulation and Policies
Issuer
 Original Design Approval
 14 CFR Part 21 subpart B (sections 21.11
– An original FAA design approval is
through 21.53)
a five-phase process in which an
 Predecessor Regulations to 14 CFR
applicant applies for, and the FAA
– Aeronautical Bulletins
may issue, a type certificate or
– Civil Air Regulations (CARs)
design approval of a product or a
– Regulations of the Administrator
major design change to a product  Advisory Circular 21-23
 Orders 8110.4
 Aircraft Certification Offices (ACOs)
 Certificate Management Offices (CMOs)
 Field Approval
 14 CFR Part 1, 43
– A field approval is one of the
 Advisory Circular 43.9-1, 43.13-1, 43.13-2,
means used by the FAA to
43-10
approve technical data used to
 Orders
accomplish a major repair or major
– FSIMS (Flight Standards Information
alteration
Management System), Volume 4,
Chapter 9, Section 1
 Administrator, through Aviation Safety
Inspector (airworthiness)
 Parts Manufacture Approval (design)
– The PMA certifies that a
replacement or modification part
complies with the airworthiness
standards of eligible products
(aircraft, engine or propeller)
 14 CFR Part 21, Part 43, Part 45 Subpart B  Manufacturing Inspection District Offices
 Advisory Circular 43-18
(MIDOs)
– If the applicant is applying for a PMA
 Orders 8110.42
based on an STC or identicality by a
licensing agreement
 Aircraft Certification Offices (ACOs)
– If the design approval basis is identically
without a license agreement or test and
computation
Source: FAA
Booz & Company
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Type Certification
FAA issues Orders that prescribe the responsibilities and
procedures the FAA must follow to certify new aircraft, engines
and propellers
14 CFR Part 21 Certification Procedures for
Products And Parts
Orders 8110.4C Type Certification
Summary of Requirements on Product
Certification
 Order 8110.4, Type Certification, is primarily written for
internal use by the FAA, its designees, and delegated
organizations
 The order provides procedures and policy for the type
certification of products
 It describes the process for U.S. applicants to obtain a
U.S. TC for their product under 14 CFR § 21.21
 It focuses on the design approval process conducted by
Aircraft Certification Offices (ACO)
 It also addresses other aspects of safety, such as
airworthiness (airworthiness certificates), manufacturing
(production approval), maintenance, and operations
(continued airworthiness) as they relate to design
approval (type certification)
 Order 8110.52 Type Validation and Post-Type Validation
Procedures applies to U.S. applicants who seek foreign
TCs and when non U.S. applicants seek U.S. TCs
 Before manufacturing a product, an
applicant must have a design approval
(that is, TC, STC, amended TC, amended
STC) and a PC or other FAA production
approval
 Similarly, before manufacturing a
component or spare part (for sale) the
applicant must have a PMA or a TSO
authorization
Note:
TC = Type certification; STC = Supplemental type certificate (i.e. a type certificate for a
change to an aircraft, engine, propeller, or appliance); Amended TC = an approval for a change to a TC, made by the TC holder; Amended STC = an approval for a change to a STC
Source: FAA, Booz & Company analysis
Booz & Company
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Type Certification
The CPI Guide provides clear guidance on processes to reduce the
certification cycle time while ensuring regulatory compliance
The FAA and Industry Guide to Product
Certification (CPI Guide)
Jointly prepared by:
Comments
 The FAA and Industry Guide to Product
Certification (CPI Guide) guide is jointly prepared
by FAA, AIA and GAMA
 It aims to improve certification process, referred to
as Certification Process Improvement to reduce
cycle time of reduce the cycle time to certify
products, while ensuring regulatory compliance
 This guide describes how to plan, manage, and
document an effective, efficient product
certification process and working relationship
between the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
and an Applicant
 It is a compilation and enhancement of the best
business and certification practices and is
compatible with FAA Orders 8110.4, “Type
Certification” and 8100.5, “Aircraft Certification
Service - Mission, Responsibilities, Relationships,
and Programs”
Source: FAA
Booz & Company
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Type Certification
These Orders and Industry Guide define clearly processes and
roles and responsibilities of FAA and applicants during the five
phases
CPI’s Product Certification Process Roadmap (for US Manufactured Product)
Conceptual Design
Phase
Requirements
Definition
Phase
 This Phase is initiated  Efforts in this Phase
when the Applicant
clarify the product
begins design concept
definition and the
for a product that may
associated risks, and
lead to a viable
conclude with a
certification project.
mutual commitment to
move forward with
 The intent is to ensure
product certification
early, value added,
joint involvement with  Specific regulatory
an expectation to
requirements and
surface critical areas
methods of
and the related
compliance or critical
regulatory issues, and
issues are formulated
begin formulating a
 A more formal PSCP
preliminary Project
is developed
Specific Certification
Plan (PSCP)
Compliance
Planning
Phase
 During this Phase a
PSCP is completed
 The plan is a tool to
which the responsible
parties commit and
use to manage the
product certification
project
Implementatio
n Phase
 During this Phase the
Applicant and FAA
work closely in
managing, refining,
and achieving their
agreed PSCP to
ensure that all agreed
upon product specific
certification
requirements are met
Post
Certification
Phase
 During this Phase
close-out activities
provide the foundation
for continued
airworthiness activities
and certificate
management for the
remainder of the
product’s life cycle
Source: The FAA and Industry Guide to Product Certification (CPI)
Booz & Company
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Type Certification
For foreign manufactured products FAA only issues design
approval to an applicant in a country with U.S. bilateral agreement
Original Design Approval (for Foreign Manufactured Product)
 The FAA will only issue product design approvals to an applicant in a country with which the
United States has concluded a bilateral agreement for the export and import airworthiness
certification of such products
 Additionally, the FAA does not normally issue a type design approval for a product manufactured
outside the United States (in other words, the State of Design is a country other than the United
States), unless the product is intended for use under the U.S. Registry or for operation by a U.S.
operator under lease or charter
 Foreign applicants for U.S. design approval must provide the FAA with evidence that the product
will be imported into the United States, or will be installed in a U.S. registered or U.S.
manufactured product
This is in principle similar to CCAR 21 Paragraph 21.319
Source: FAA
Booz & Company
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Type Certification
For parts import, FAA and CAAC have reached an agreement for
FAA certified PMA to be used in China
Procedures of Replacement or Modification of FAA
Certified PMA Product to China Registered Aircraft
 This has helped greatly in simplifying the
approval process for FAA-certified parts
 However, due to lack of aircraft technical
knowledge and certification capability, the
application of this AC is limited - as it is
difficult for the CAAC to evaluate whether
the PMA parts are indeed qualify for “safe
operation”
 The CAAC may need to invest resources
to put together detailed guidance and
procedures on PMA and related
certification process and regulations
AC-20-01
 In March 2003, the CAAC and the FAA have
signed agreement on certification exemptions
for FAA-certified parts under Parts Manufacturer
Approval
 However, for major replacement and
modifications, the applicant is still required to
apply the MDA and VSTC
 Also, for parts that’s sensitive to ETOPS, FAA
PMA are not allowed to use
Booz & Company
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Prepared for ACP
44
Production
Production certificate approves the manufacturing of duplicate
products under an FAA-approved type design
Major Production Approvals
Production Approvals
 Production Certificate
– An approval (document) to manufacture duplicate
products under an FAA-approved type design (i.e.,
type certificate or supplemental type certificate)
Regulations and Policies
Issuer
 14 CFR Part 21, subpart F, Part 21 subpart G,
 Manufacturing Inspection
Part 45
District Offices (MIDOs)
 Advisory Circulars 21-1, 21-6
 Orders 8100.7, 8110.42, 8120.2, 8120.15, 8150.1
 Approved Production Inspection System (APIS)
 14 CFR Part 21, subpart F, Part 21 subpart G,
 Manufacturing Inspection
– An approved production inspection system is an
Part 45
District Offices (MIDOs)
FAA-approved inspection process applicable to
 Advisory Circulars 21-1, 21-6
products manufactured more than 6 months after
 Orders 8100.7, 8110.42, 8120.2, 8120.15, 8150.1
the date of issue of the type certificate,
supplemental type certificate, or licensing
agreement
– The approved production inspection system is used
most frequently by low-volume manufacturers
 Parts Manufacturer Approval
 14 CFR Part 21, Part 43, Part 45 Subpart B
– PMA production approval allows you to produce
 Advisory Circular 43-18
and sell FAA approved aircraft parts that are eligible  Orders 8110.42
for installation on FAA type certificated aircraft
 Manufacturing Inspection
District Offices (MIDOs)
 Aircraft Certification Offices
(ACOs)
 Technical standard order authorization
– A TSO is a minimum performance standard for
specified materials, parts, and appliances used on
civil aircraft
 Local FAA office
Booz & Company
 14 CFR Part 21, sections 21.3, 21.502 and
subpart O
 Advisory Circulars 20-110, 20-41
 Orders 8110.43, 8120.2, 8150.1
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Production
It takes three-step process to get a production certificate
Production Certificate Process
Submit Application
 For a production certificate, submit
Form 8110-12 (PDF) , Application
for Type Certificate, Production
Certificate, or Supplemental Type
Certificate, to your local
Manufacturing Inspection District
Office (MIDO)
 For an APIS, a formal application is
not required. However, Form 811012, Application for Type Certificate,
Production Certificate, or
Supplement Type Certificate, may
be used
FAA Evaluate quality
control
or production
inspection system
 Determine that proposed manufacturing
facilities located outside the United States
place no undue burden on the FAA in
administering the applicable Regulations
 Conduct a quality system audit to determine
compliance with the applicable
requirements of 14 CFR part 21. This audit
evaluates the applicant's organization,
production facility, quality control or
inspection system, and approved quality
control and design data for compliance with
applicable requirements
 Notify the applicant in writing of any
corrective actions required
Issue Production
Approval
 If the applicant's quality control or
inspection system, organization,
and facilities are in compliance with
14 CFR part 21, subpart F or
subpart G, the FAA will issue: An
approval letter for an approved
production inspection system
 A Production Certificate, FAA Form
8120-4, and a Production Limitation
Record, FAA Form 8120-3. The
Production Limitation Record
identifies which products or parts
are authorized for production
 Conduct any additional audits, corrective
actions, or meetings with the applicant if
needed to support the application process
Source: FAA, Booz & Company analysis
Booz & Company
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Type Certification and Production
In China CCAR 21 and associated administrative procedures
regulate the type certification and production process
CCAR 21 Certification Procedures for Products and Parts
 Similar to the FAA, this is the major regulation issued by the CAAC to regulate aircraft type
certification and production process in China
 Other administrative procedures and advisory circulars on this include
– AP-21-03R3 型号合格审定程序
– AP-21-04R3 生产许可审定和监督程序
– AC-20-01 关于在中国注册的航空器上使用经FAA批准的PMA产品实施更换或改装的管理办法
– AC-21-AA-2007-14 航空器内、外部标记和标牌
– AC-21-02 机载系统和设备合格审定中的软件审查方法
– AC-21-05 初级类航空器适航标准—甚轻型飞机
– AC-21-06 初级类航空器适航标准—超轻型飞机
– AC-21-07 初级类航空器适航标准—滑翔机与动力滑翔机
– AC-21-09 飞艇适航标准
Source: CAAC
Booz & Company
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Executive summary
Airworthiness regulations
Type and production certifications
Aircraft registration and certification
Appendix
Booz & Company
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Aircraft Registration
An aircraft owner must register his/her aircraft upon purchase
Aircraft Registration Process
An Eligible Plane for Registration
14 CFR Part 47
 An aircraft is eligible for U.S. Registration
if it is not registered in another country
and it is owned by:
– a U.S. citizen as defined in 14 CFR
Part 47.2.
– a Resident Alien (foreign individual
lawfully admitted for permanent U.S.
residence
– a U.S. governmental unit or
subdivision
– a non-citizen corporation lawfully
organized and doing business under
the laws of the U.S. or one of the
States as long as the aircraft is based
and primarily used in the U.S. (60% of
all flight hours must be from flights
starting and ending within the U.S.)
Documents Required
Aircraft Registration
Application*
Evidence of
Ownership**
US$ 5 Registration
Fee
Registration
 It generally takes Aircraft
Registration Branch of the FAA 12 16 working days to process the
registration upon receiving the
application package
 Different types of registration
include:
– Individual
– Co-owners
– Partnership
– Corporation
– Government
*)
This form (AC Form 8050-1) must be original and can be obtained from the “Aircraft Registration Branch”
**)
Need to fill in AC Form 8050-2 - Bill of Sale
Source: FAA
Booz & Company
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Airworthiness Certification
After an aircraft is registered, the owner then informs the
manufacturer to apply for airworthiness certification
Airworthiness Certification Process
Aircraft Registration
Standard Airworthiness Certificate







Normal
Utility
Acrobatic
Commuter
Transport
Manned free balloons
Special classes
Booz & Company
Identify Type of
Airworthiness
Certificate Needed
Submit Application
to Local FAA Office
Special Airworthiness Certificate
 Primary
 Restricted
– Agricultural
– Forest and wildlife conservation
– Aerial surveying
– Patrolling (pipelines, power lines)
– Weather control
– Aerial advertising
– Other operations specified by the
Administrator
 Multiple
 Limited
 Light-Sport
 Experimental
 Special flight permit
 Provisional
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FAA Decision
Local FAA Field Offices
 Aircraft Certification Offices (ACO)
 Flight Standards District Offices
(FSDO)
 Manufacturing Inspection District
Offices (MIDO) - FAA Aviation Safety
Inspectors
 Manufacturing Inspection Office
(MIO)
50
Airworthiness Certification
Depending on the classification aircraft owners need to get
different airworthiness certifications
Major Airworthiness Certification Approvals
Airworthiness Certification
 Standard Airworthiness
Certification
Regulations and Policies
Issuer
 Regulations
 FAA Aviation Safety Inspectors
– Airworthiness Directives Listing
 Representatives of the Administrator
– 14 CFR Part 21 Section 21.17, Part
(i.e. Designees)
21, subpart H, Part 23, Part 25, Part 27, Part
29, Part 31, Part 39,Part 43, Appendix D,
Part 45 subpart C, Part 47, Part 91
 Orders 8130.2
 Advisory Circulars 21-12, 45-2
 Special Airworthiness Certification  14 CFR Part 21, Part 21 subpart H, Part 45
Section 91.313, Part 91 subpart D, Part 375
 Orders 8130.2, 8300.10
 Advisory Circulars 20-27, 20-139, 21-4, 21-12,
43.13-1, 45-2, 90-89
 FAA Aviation Safety Inspectors
 Representatives of the Administrator
(i.e. Designees)
 Export Airworthiness Approval
 FAA Aviation Safety Inspectors
 Representatives of the Administrator
(i.e. Designees)
Booz & Company
 14 CFR Subpart L
 Orders 8130.2, 8130.21F
 Advisory Circulars 21-2
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Aircraft Registration and Airworthiness Certification
There are three major regulatory requirements in China for
applicant to comply with towards successful certification
Three Major Regulatory Requirements for Aircraft Registration
CCAR 45 PRC Aircraft Nationality
Registration
中华人民共和国民用航空器国籍登记规定
CCAR 49 PRC Aircraft Ownership
Registration
中华人民共和国民用航空器权利登记条例
 This regulation has listed
requirements for aircraft owners
or operators when registering
their aircraft
 Forms and materials required are
included in this document
 This regulation in principle is
similar to FAR 47, however, it
also includes identification and
registration marking related
issues
 Whether an aircraft is owned,
operated, or leased, the owner,
operator or leaser needs to
compile with this regulation in
order to register an aircraft
 Forms and materials required
are included in this document
 The FAA has included this part
of the regulation in the Aircraft
Registration Application - there
is no separate regulation
regarding this in FAR
CCAR 285 Non-Commercial GA
Registration Administration
非经营性通用航空登记管理规定
 This rule is applied to anyone
who wish to use GA aircraft for
non-commercial purpose
 The applicant must obtain
aircraft registration certificate
and airworthiness certificate
beforehand
 Forms and materials required
are included in this document
 FAA does not have equivalent
of this rule
Source: CAAC
Booz & Company
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Aircraft Registration
In each aircraft registration step, the applicant is required to
submit relevant documents
CAAC PRACTICE
Typical Aircraft Registration Process
Documents Required for Registration
Individual Purchase
Individual Purchase






Acquire Credentials
Submit Aircraft Logo Marking Plan
Purchasing purpose
ID document
Police record
Feasibility study
Pilot license
Intent Contract with base airport
 Aircraft nationality registration
application
 ID document
 Purchase/lease approval document
 Purchase/lease contract
Apply for Aircraft ID Number
Apply for Aircraft
Registration
Re-apply if
documents
are not
comply with
requirement
Airworthiness Contact Office Process
the Application
Aircraft Certification Obtained
Booz & Company




Submit Application
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




ID document
Purchase/lease approval document
Purchase/lease contract
Logo and registration marking application
Aircraft nationality registration application
Proof of aircraft ownership
ID document
Evidence of the aircraft not registered elsewhere
Other documents required
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Aircraft Registration
Compare to the FAA, the CAAC aircraft registration process is
more complex and restrictive for applicants
Typical Aircraft Registration Process
Typical Aircraft Registration Process
FAA
CAAC
No Documents
Required
 Only need to comply
with the law, no
need to filing any
documents
Eligibility of
Registration
Acquire Credentials
Submit Aircraft Logo Marking Plan
Submit Aircraft Registration Application
Key forms included
 Evidence of
ownership
 Identity number
 Registration marking
Apply for Aircraft ID Number
All included in
one package
May need to redo
if a form is not
filled in properly
Aircraft Registration Branch Process the
Application
Airworthiness Contact Office
Process the Application




Registration application
Evidence of ownership
Applicant ID document
Evidence of the aircraft
not registered
elsewhere
 Other documents
required
Aircraft Certification Obtained
Aircraft Registered
Source: FAA, CAAC, industry interview, Booz & Company analysis
ACP GAIS - 3_Airworthiness_Revised Oct 2011_EN_vf.ppt
Apply for Aircraft
Registration
Submit Application
Aircraft Registered
Booz & Company
Documents
Required
 Purchasing purpose
 ID document
 Police record
 Feasibility study
 Pilot license
 Intent Contract with
base airport
Prepared for ACP
 Applicant to fill in “NonCommercial GA
Registration
Administration”
54
Airworthiness Certification
This is similar for airworthiness certification
CAAC PRACTICE
Airworthiness Certification Process
Documents Required for Airworthiness Certification
Imported Aircraft
Imported Aircraft
Applicant Registration with Local
CAAC Office
 30 days before aircraft delivery, the applicant need to
hand in the aircraft delivery plan and technical terms in
the contract
 Aircraft delivered must comply with CAAC Type Design
and is qualified for safe operation
Submit Airworthiness Application
Apply for Temp Certificate (Special Permit)
for Testing Flight
Certification
Issuance
Local Airworthiness Certification Office
Process the Application
Issuance of Airworthiness Certificate
 Airworthiness Certification application
 Difference description of aircraft structures compare to
TC or VTC
 Other documents required




Special permit application
Suggested limitations
Manufacturer’s “Manufacturer Accordance” (if any)
Aircraft technical evaluation
Special
Permit
 对于尚未取得有效适航证或目前可能不符合有关适航要求，但在一
定限制条件下能安全飞行的航空器可申请特许飞行证
 申请特许飞行证的航空器应满足CCAR-45的要求,尚未取得国籍登
记的航空器应当首先申请临时登记标志并获得临时登记证书
 民用航空器的所有人或占有人可以申请该航空器的特许飞行证
Booz & Company
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Airworthiness Certification
Compared with FAA, the CAAC airworthiness certification process
is more difficult to comply
Typical Airworthiness Certification Process
Typical Airworthiness Certification Process
FAA (Local-made Aircraft)
CAAC (Imported Aircraft)
Contact FAA Local Office for Direct Guidance
on Airworthiness Certification
Applicant Registration with Local
CAAC Office
FAA Safety Inspectors Assists the Applicant
in Conducting Aircraft Inspection
Submit Airworthiness Application
Submit Airworthiness Application
Apply for Temp Certificate for Testing Flight
One form required
 Aircraft Designation
 Certification Type
 Owner’s Certification
 Inspection Agency Verification
 FAA Representative Certification
 Production Flight Testing
All included in
one package
Certification
Issuance
 Application
content required
here is somewhat
similar to the FAA
- however in
different forms
Local Airworthiness Certification Office
Process the Application
Local Manufacturing Inspection District
Office Process the Application
Issuance of Airworthiness Certificate
 Not directly
comparable
Issuance of Airworthiness Certificate
CAAC has different
sequence in this
process compare to
the FAA
Source: FAA, CAAC, industry interview, Booz & Company analysis
Booz & Company
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Summary
We have identified the following issues in aircraft registration
processes that can be improved
Issues Identified from CAAC Regulation and Requirements
1
Duplication
2
 Some of the documents required are duplicative and
should be simplified if possible
 E.g. Some of the clauses under Aircraft Purchase
Application and Non-Commercial GA Registration
Administration are the same
Ambiguity
 There are requirements in several regulatory document
stating “other documents required” which are not clear
to the applicant in terms of what exactly is needed to
complete the certification process
Inconsistency
 Minor contradiction exists for Ultralight Aircraft
– For example, in CCAR 91, it is not required for this
category aircraft to go through aircraft certification
process - however, it is treated the same as all other
categories in CCAR 285
 Some of the economic regulations does not agree with
each other
– For example, in CCAR 45 and 49, nowhere it said
that the owner of the aircraft needs to be a pilot in
order to register its aircraft, however, CCAR 285
requires it
3
Adverse Impact on Buyers
 To prospective private aircraft
owners, these requirements
can slow down the application
process significantly
 Most of these buyers only
want to experience flying,
however, the complex
administrative packages and
processes have become a
burden and stopped
willingness to buy
Source: FAA, CAAC, industry interview, Booz & Company analysis
Booz & Company
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Summary
1
For example some of the requirements related to aircraft
registration are duplicative
Documents Required for Aircraft Registration
Aircraft Purchase Credential Proofs
Administrative Requirement
Non-Commercial
Aircraft Nationality
GA Registration
Administration
CCAR 45-R1
CCAR 285









Signed
Chapter
application
2 Nationality Registration
ID–document
Rule 10 …the applicant must provide
Living
address
the
following document to the CAAC
Personal CV and police record
1) Applicant’s
identity
approval
Activity
purpose and
source
of funding
document
and insurance documents (copy)
 Aircraft
registration certificate,
2) …
airworthiness certificate and radio
3) …
license
Other documents
may
 Pilot4)license
or intention that
to hire
a
required
by
the
CAAC
pilot
Purchasing purpose
ID document
Police record
Feasibility study
– Intention to use the aircraft, funding
capability, declaration of compliance
with law
 Pilot license or intention to hire a
pilot
 Intent contract with airport
Source: FAA, CAAC, industry interview, Booz & Company analysis
Booz & Company
The wordings
highlighted are
duplicative and
should be
eliminated
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 Intent contract with airport
 Aircraft management company contract,
activity scale and length of time and
other necessary proceedings
58
Summary
2
Documents submission requirements for aircraft certification
process are ambiguous
Examples of Ambiguity in the Aircraft Certification Requirement
Aircraft Nationality Registration
CCAR 45-R1
 Chapter 2 Nationality Registration
– Rule 10 …the applicant must provide
the following document to the CAAC
Non-Commercial GA Registration
Administration
CCAR 285
 Chapter 2 Registration Administration
– Rule 8 The applicant must meet the
following requirement to register
1) Applicant’s identity approval
document
2) …
3) …
4) Other documents that may
required by the CAAC
1) …has aircraft registration and
airworthiness certification…
2) …
3) …
4) Other documents that are
required by Law and
Administrative Rules
 This is not very clear in informing exactly what is required from the applicant
 Many of these “other documents” are for administrative purpose which can slow down the certification process
significantly
Source: FAA, CAAC, industry interview, Booz & Company analysis
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Summary
3
CCAR 285 requirements also create inconsistency with other
aircraft registration regulations…
Examples of Incompliance in Economic Regulations
Aircraft Nationality Registration
CCAR 45-R1
Non-Commercial
Aircraft Nationality
GA Registration
Administration
CCAR 45-R1
CCAR 285
 Chapter 2 Nationality Registration
– Rule 10 …the applicant must provide
the following document to the CAAC
in order to register
 Chapter
Chapter
2 Registration
2 NationalityAdministration
Registration
– –Rule
Rule
1110
For
…the
individuals
applicant
applicants,
must provide
the
following
the following
document
document
needstotothe
be CAAC
provided (3 copies of each)
1) Applicant’s identity approval
1) …
document
…
2) …
8) …require pilot certificate…
3) …
9) …airport usage proposal…
4) Other documents that may
required by the CAAC
1) Applicant’s identity approval
document
2) Purchasing/leasing contract
3) Proof of aircraft not registered
elsewhere
4) Other documents required
 Nowhere it said in CCAR 45 that “pilot certificate” and “airport usage proposal” are needed
 One might argue that the above are included in “Other documents required” in CCAR 45 - however, as rigorous
as regulations can be, the requirements should be listed clearly in the first place
Source: FAA, CAAC, industry interview, Booz & Company analysis
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Summary
3
… and general operating rules
ULTRALIGHT AIRCRAFT
Examples of Minor Contradictions in the Aircraft Certification Requirement
General Operating and Flight Rules
CCAR 91
Non-Commercial
Aircraft Nationality
GA Registration
Administration
CCAR 45-R1
CCAR 285
 Chapter O Ultralight Aircraft
– Rule 91.1305 Certification and
Registration
 Chapter
Chapter
1 General
2 Nationality Registration
– –Rule
Rule
3 This
10 …the
registration
applicant
applies
must to
provide
all
non-commercial
the following document
activities to
conducted
the CAAC
by either an organization or an
individual
1) Applicant’s identity approval
document
2) …
3) …
4) Other documents that may
required by the CAAC
a) …does not require aircraft
registration or airworthiness
certification…
b) …does not require pilot
certificate or flying experience…
c) …does not require any identity
marking…
 Ultralight aircraft as stated in CCAR 91 does not require any form of formal documentation to register or obtain any
type of certificate, however, pilots who fly these type of aircraft still needs to register and comply with CCAR 285
and provide numerous documents (e.g. police documents, airport usage, source of funding etc) which appears to be
unworthy for flying such type of aircraft
 CAAC needs to check the possibility of exclude “ultralight” from CCAR 285 or further simplify the process
Source: FAA, CAAC, industry interview, Booz & Company analysis
Booz & Company
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Summary
In summary, the GA industry lacks a structured guidance materials
for prospective aircraft owners and operators
FAA EXAMPLE
FAA Plane Sense Cover
Published by FAA Flight Standards Service
Hand Book for Potential Aircraft Owners
 Plane Sense introduces aircraft owners and
operators, or prospective aircraft owners and
operators, to basic information about the
requirements involved in acquiring, owning,
operating, and maintaining a private aircraft
 This handbook highlights regulations and
regulatory guidance material, as well as
providing advice regarding where to locate
answers to possible questions
 Though this hand book cannot cover every issue
faced by aircraft owners and operators, it is
intended to be a useful guide and will help
potential aircraft buyers to locate the resources to
assist the process
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Executive summary
Regulation and forms for
Airworthiness regulations
aircraft registration
Type and production certifications
Issues related to import and
Aircraft registration and certification
export
Appendix
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Regulations related to Airworthiness (FAA)
General Aviation Related Airworthiness Regulations (FAA)
Type
14 CFR Subchapter C Part
 Certification Procedures
 21/ Certification Procedures For Products and Parts
 Airworthiness Standards





 Noise Standards
 36/ Aircraft Type and Airworthiness Certification
 Airworthiness Directives
 39/ Airworthiness Directives
 Aircraft Registration
 47/ Aircraft Registration
 Others




23/ Normal, Utility, Acrobatic, and Commuter Category Airplanes
27/ Normal Category Rotorcraft
31/ Manned Free Balloons
33/ Aircraft Engines
35/ Propellers
34/ Fuel Venting And Exhaust Emission Requirements for Turbine Engine Powered Airplanes
43/ Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, Rebuilding, and Alteration
45/ Identification and Registration Marking
49/ Recording of Aircraft Titles and Security Documents
Source: FAA
The 14 CFR Subchapter C - Aircraft (Part 21- 59) includes all regulations
related to “Aircraft“ - all of these parts are airworthiness related
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Overview
There is no major gap in aircraft certification related regulation
between the FAA and the CAAC
General Aviation Related Airworthiness Regulations (CAAC)
Type
CCAR Part #
Compatibility to the US Part # (FAR)
 Certification Procedures
CCAR 21-R3
 21/ Certification Procedures For Products and Parts
 Airworthiness Standards
CCAR 23-R3
 23/ Normal, Utility, Acrobatic, and Commuter Category Airplanes
CCAR 27-R1
 27/ Normal Category Rotorcraft
CCAR 31
 31/ Manned Free Balloons
CCAR 33
 33/ Aircraft Engines
CCAR 35AA
 35/ Propellers
CCAR 53
 53/ 民用航空化学产品适航规定
CCAR 55
 55/ 民用航空油料适航规定
 Noise Standards
CCAR 36-R1
 36/ Aircraft Type and Airworthiness Certification
 Airworthiness Directives
CCAR 39AA
 39/ Airworthiness Directives
 Aircraft Registration
CCAR 45-R1
 Aircraft Nationality Registration (民用航空器国籍登记规定)
CCAR 49
 49/ 中华人民共和国民用航空器权利登记条例实施办法
 47/ Aircraft Registration
 Others
CCAR 34
 34/ Fuel Venting and Exhaust Emission Requirements for Turbine Engine Powered Airplanes
CCAR 43
 43/ Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, Rebuilding, and Alteration
 45/ Identification and Registration Marking
CCAR 285
Source: FAA
Booz & Company
 285/ 非经营性通用航空登记管理规定
CCAR currently doesn’t have compare to the FAR
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CCAR has but FAR hasn’t
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Aircraft Registration
FAA requires the submission of a series of Aircraft Registration
Forms
Aircraft Registration Forms
Form
Title
8050-1
Aircraft Registration Application
8050-88
Affidavit of Ownership
8050-88A
Affidavit of Ownership for Light-Sport Aircraft
8050-98
Aircraft Security Agreement
8050-2
Bill of Sale
8050-4
Certificate of Repossession
8050-5
Dealer's Application
AFS-750-93
Information in Recording of Aircraft Ownership and Security Documents
AFS-750-124E Information to Aid in the Cancellation for Export of United States Registered Aircraft
AFS-750-124I Information to Aid in the Registration of Imported Aircraft
AFS-750-94
Information to Aid in the Registration of U.S. Civil Aircraft
8050-135
International Registry Entry Form
8050-88A
Light-Sport Aircraft Manufacturer‘s Affidavit
AFS-750-55
List of Title Search Companies
 All applications
must be mailed to
FAA Aircraft
Registration
Branch in
Oklahoma City
 The application is
centrally
processed and
approved for 1216 days
Aircraft Owner Change of Address Notification Form
HEIR-AT-LAW
Declaration of International Operations Form
Limited Liability Company Registration Information Sheet
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Airworthiness Certification
FAA requires the submission of a series of Airworthiness
Certification Forms for processing
Aircraft Certification Forms
Type
Form
Standard 8130-6
Special
Export
Booz & Company
Title
Application for U.S. Airworthiness Certificate
8130-9
Statement of Conformity
8130-6
Application for U.S. Airworthiness
8130-12
Eligibility Statement, Amateur-Built Aircraft
8130-15
Light-Sport Aircraft Statement of Compliance
8130-1
Application for Export Certificate of Airworthiness
8130-3
Authorized Release Certificate
8130-4
Export Certificate of Airworthiness
8130-9
Statement of Conformity
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 Applications can
be dealt with
relevant local FAA
field offices
67
Aircraft certification and registration processes are managed by
various FAA offices
FAA Aircraft Certification Local Offices
Aircraft Registration Aircraft Certification
Branch
Offices (ACO)
Roles
 Receive and
process the aircraft
registration
application located
in Oklahoma City
 Answer aircraft
registration
enquires
 Provide registration
related information
FAA Safety
Engineers
 Design approvals
and certificate
management
 U.S. production
approvals
 Engineering and
analyses questions
 Investigating and
reporting aircraft
accidents,
incidents, and
service difficulties
 Designated
Engineering
Representatives
(DER) oversight
Flight Standards
District Offices
(FSDO)
Manufacturing
Inspection District
Offices (MIDO)
Manufacturing
Inspection Office
(MIO)
 Airmen certification
(licensing), to
include pilots,
mechanics, I.A.s,
repairmen,
dispatchers, and
parachute riggers
 Aircraft permits and
other certification
issues
 Air carrier
certification and
operations
 Accident
investigations
 Enforcement and
investigation issues
FAA Aviation Safety
Inspectors
 Manufacturing and
production
certification
 Airworthiness
certification
 Manufacturing
facilities approval
holder issues
 Manufacturing
Designated
Airworthiness
Representatives
(DAR-F) oversight
 Oversight of
Manufacturing
Inspection District
Offices (MIDO)
 Management of
geographically
located production
facilities and
designees
Source: FAA
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Executive summary
Regulation and forms for
Airworthiness regulations
aircraft registration
Type and production certifications
Issues related to import and
Aircraft registration and certification
export
Appendix
Booz & Company
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Aircraft Registration
Both import and export aircraft registration cases are handled with
high priority
Import Documents Required
Both Import and
Export Cases are
treated with High
Priority
 A statement by the official having jurisdiction
over the National Aircraft Registry of the
foreign country of export indicating that
registration has ended or that the aircraft was
never registered
 Evidence of ownership, such as a Bill of Sale,
signed in ink, from the foreign seller to the U.
S. applicant/owner
 A completed Aircraft Registration Application,
AC Form 8050-1
 A check or money order made payable to the
Federal Aviation Administration in the amount
of $5 (U.S. funds)
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Export (Deregistration)
 A complete description of the aircraft, including
manufacturer name, model designation, serial
number and registration number
 The reason for cancellation (export to foreign
country)
 The name of the country to which the aircraft is
being exported
 The signature and appropriate title of requester
 A release, or consent to export for all outstanding
security instruments and unexpired leases with a
term of six months or more that were executed on
or before February 28, 2006
 The resolution of outstanding interests in the
aircraft executed on or after March 1, 2006
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Airworthiness Certification
FAA can issue airworthiness approvals for import and export only
if the country of manufacture has bilateral agreement with the US
Import Airworthiness Approval
Export Airworthiness Approval
Import an aircraft, aircraft engine, or propeller
 The owner of the aircraft needs an export airworthiness
approval (or equivalent certifying statement) from the Civil
Aviation Authority (CAA) of the country of manufacture
 This export airworthiness approval from the country of
manufacture certifies that:
– the product conforms to its U.S. type certificate
– is in a condition for safe operation
– and has been subjected to a final operational check by
the manufacturer
Import accompany materials, parts or appliances
 The owner of the aircraft needs an export airworthiness
approval from the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) of the
country of manufacture for materials, parts and appliances
 The export airworthiness approval certifies that the
applicable requirements have been met and the materials,
parts and appliances are eligible for installation on a
product for which the U.S. has issued a design approval
 Prior to issuance of an export airworthiness approval, a
determination is made that these items conform to their
FAA-approved design, are in a condition for safe
operation, and meet all special requirements
established by the importing country's Civil Aviation
Authority
 The exporting manufacturer or individuals must follow
the Export Airworthiness Approval Procedures and
guidance for special requirements for importing
countries (these can be found in Advisory Circular 21-2
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