HPT001.024
Rev. 1
Page 1 of 22
Radiological Control
Current Concerns and
Industry Events
TP-1
TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
HPT001.024
Rev. 1
Page 2 of 22
Enabling Objectives
• Apply Error Prevention tools.
• Identify Two Types of NRC Notifications
• Identify Two Organizations Promoting
Excellence in the Nuclear Power Industry
• Identify Three Types of Event Reports
• Evaluate Events on Summary Worksheet
• Identify Major RADCON Concern
• Name Four Other Areas of Concern
TP-2
TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
SAFER
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HPT001.024
Rev. 1
Page 3 of 22
Summarize Critical Steps
Anticipate Errors at Critical Steps
Foresee Consequences of Errors
Evaluate Defenses, Barriers &
Contingencies
• Review Experience
TP-3
TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
HPT001.024
Rev. 1
Page 4 of 22
TVAN
Human Performance Initiative
Protect People and the Plant From
Human Error through:
• Aggressive Control of Defense-in-Depth
• Rigorous Use of Error-Prevention
Techniques
TP-4
TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
HPT001.024
Rev. 1
Page 5 of 22
Error Prevention Tools - 1
Two-Minute Rule
Procedure Use & Adherence
Independent Verification
Second Party Verification
Effective Communication
Three-Way communication
Phonetic Alphabet
TP-5
TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
HPT001.024
Rev. 1
Page 6 of 22
Error Prevention Tools - 2
Self-Checking
STAR – Stop, Think, Act, Review
Flagging
Peer-Checking
Questioning Attitude
QV&V – Qualify, Validate, & Verify
Stop When Unsure
TP-6
TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
HPT001.024
Rev. 1
Page 7 of 22
NRC Concerns Notices
• Licensee Event Reports (LERs)
10 CFR 50.73
• Information Notices (INs)
TP-7
TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
HPT001.024
Rev. 1
Page 8 of 22
Nuclear Industry
Improvement Organizations
• Institute of Nuclear Power Operations
(INPO)
Promote Safety, Reliability and
Excellence
• World Association of Nuclear Operators
(WANO)
Maximize Safety & Reliability by
Exchanging Information and
Encouraging Communications
TP-8
TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
Event Reports
HPT001.024
Rev. 1
Page 9 of 22
• INPO/WANO Operating Experience Report
(OE)
• INPO/WANO Significant Event Notification
(SEN)
• INPO/WANO Significant Event Report (SER)
• INPO/WANO Significant Operating
Experience Report (SOER)
• INPO/WANO Operations and Maintenance
Report (O&MR)
TP-9
TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
HPT001.024
Rev. 1
Page 10 of 22
Unplanned Exposures
Weaknesses in Defenses
• SOER 2001-01
1. Complying with Administrative
Controls
2. Human Performance
3. Insufficient Training
4. Incorporation of Operating Experience
5. Inadequate Management Participation
TP-10
TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
HPT001.024
Rev. 1
Page 11 of 22
Radiological Concerns
• Unplanned Radiation Exposures
(Major Concern)
• Contamination/DRPs
• Intakes/Internal Exposures
• High Radiation Areas
• Radiography
TP-11
TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
Common Causes of
Radiography Events
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HPT001.024
Rev. 1
Page 12 of 22
Postings not Understood
Assumptions rather than Verification
Inadequate Surveys
Inadequate Evaluation of Adjacent Dose
Rates
• Radiological Personnel Unfamiliar with
Radiography Posting Requirements
TP-12
TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
HPT001.024
Rev. 1
Page 13 of 22
Adverse Trends in
Radiological Protection Events
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5.
Common Causes:
Insufficient Radiological Controls
Insufficient Line Management Oversight
Knowledge of New Equipment Limits
Inadequate Dose Monitoring
Over Reliance on Knowledge & Skills of
Contract & RadCon Workers
6. Lack of Questioning Attitude
TP-13
TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
TP-14
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TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
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Barrier Analysis
HPT001.024
Rev. 1
Page 14 of 22
25
Barriers Associated with Events/Barriers Failed
15
10
5
0
Barrier Analysis Report
Highest Five Categories
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HPT001.024
Rev. 1
Page 15 of 22
Unplanned Dose (28%)
Uptakes (Internal Exposures) (19%)
Personnel Contamination (15%)
High Radiation Areas (9.5%)
Radiography & ALARA Planning
(8% each)
TP-15
TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
HPT001.024
Rev. 1
Page 16 of 22
Barrier Analysis Report
Important Recommendations
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More Use of Staytimes
Workers Self-Monitor Dose
Improve ALARA Planning
Survey After Removing Shielding
Monitor Dose Rates Approaching
Limits
• Compare As-Found Radiological
Conditions with Forecast
TP-16
TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
HPT001.024
Rev. 1
Page 17 of 22
Barrier Analysis Report
Important Recommendations
• Clarify Radiology Responsibilities
• ALARA Planning Identify Airborne
Risks
• Use CAMs During Refuel Floor Work
• Strengthen Controls for DRPs
• Evaluate Equipment Release Practices
• Thorough Evaluation of Whole Body
Monitor Alarms
TP-17
TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
HPT001.024
Rev. 1
Page 18 of 22
Performance Indicators
• Provide Quantitative Indication of Plant
Performance
• Trend Performance & Progress
• Set Challenging Goals for Improvement
• Compare Performance with Others
• Adjust Priorities & Resources
TP-18
TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
HPT001.024
Rev. 1
Page 19 of 22
NRC
Performance Indicators
• Zero Unplanned Exposures
• Zero Overexposures
• Zero High Radiation Area Violations
TP-19
TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
HPT001.024
Rev. 1
Page 20 of 22
INPO
Performance Indicators
• BWRs – Industry Average Cumulative
Radiation Exposure (CRE):
120 man-rem/unit/year
• PWRs – Industry Average Cumulative
Radiation Exposure (CRE):
65 man-rem/unit/year
TP-20
TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
Summary - 1
HPT001.024
Rev. 1
Page 21 of 22
• Review of Industry Events Important
Tool in Preventing Recurrence
• Event Notices Issued by NRC:
LER & IN
• Event Notices Issued by INPO/WANO:
OE, SEN, SER, & SOER
• Recurrence of Events may lead to
Increased Severity of Penalties
TP-21
TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program
Summary - 2
HPT001.024
Rev. 1
Page 22 of 22
• Use of TVA Human Performance Tools
• Major Concern: Unplanned Exposures
• Other Concerns:
Intakes or Internal Exposures
Personnel Contamination
High Radiation Areas
Radiography
• Performance Indicators
TP-22
TVAN Technical Training
Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program