Diesel Issues in Wind Diesel – Overview / Introduction
2011 International Wind Diesel Conference, Diesel Issues Session
Per Lundsager
Senior Consultant, Darup Associates Inc.
Advisor to WiDAC
My WD background
• 1984 – 1990 Head of Risoe’s WD programme -> the SR&R system
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concept (Simple, Robust & Reliable). Later on consultant on several
systems and active in integration of wind power in isolated systems
SR&R: Standard 55 kW WTG with IG, 34 kW DGS modified with an
electromagnetic clutch between diesel and SG allowing the SG to act as
synch condenser when diesel stopped. No supervisory control. A
flywheel fixed to the SG allowed the diesel to be started instantaneously
like a UPS system. No battery storage. In spite of the abuse of the
diesel the system was active in regular R&D operation until replaced in
2004.
The DGS was in regular low load (down to 0%) operation during its
entire life. We even undertook a series of ”backdrive” tests together with
Bob Sherwin (AOC) down to – 25% (i.e. negative) load without any
stability or other problems – and the diesel worked well until 2004 when
the WD experimental setup was replaced by a thing called SYSLAB
aimed at Wind integration R&D (a separate and lengthy story)
International Wind Diesel Conference, March 8-11, 2011, Girdwood, Alaska
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Please notice
• I am not a Diesel guy (but my father was, so I have sort of grown up with
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diesel engines / locomotives)
Generally, wind guys do not understand diesels very well, they tend to have
strange ideas about what is possible or not possible, so wind guys should
always try to stay close to a diesel guy (and vice versa in case of WD
systems)
The basic thing in a wind diesel system – whether it is a WTG retrofit or an
entire system – is that all equipment in addition to standard diesel genset
equipment including of course the wind turbine(s) has to be paid for by
• Primarily the fuel savings
• Possible income from optional / deferrable loads served by excessive
wind power
• Possible value of externalities and other community benefits
This means that it is very important that wind into a diesel power plant
replaces as much diesel as possible (diesel guys do not always like that)
Therefore diesel low load is possibly one of the hottest Diesel issues right
now. I have my opinions, but the floor will be open for you to voice yours.
International Wind Diesel Conference, March 8-11, 2011, Girdwood, Alaska
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Some WD Basics
International Wind Diesel Conference, March 8-11, 2011, Girdwood, Alaska
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Some WD Low Load / High Penetration Facts
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Pct
DGS Pct
Min Fuel
Load Saving
Relative
Fuel
Saving
0
10
20
30
40
50
100,0%
90,5%
81,4%
50,9%
61,7%
52,2%
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100 kW Consumer load constant
48,3
43,7
39,3
24,6
29,8
25,2
Computer simulated results
100 kW DGS
150 kW WTG
Weibull (A,k) = (7,50, 1.54) => Average wind 6,68 m/s
International Wind Diesel Conference, March 8-11, 2011, Girdwood, Alaska
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Diesel low load and other issues
• Some diesel manufacturers (Caterpillar, Detroit Diesel et al.) once
participated in one of the annual WD Workshops many years ago.
When asked directly whether they would sell me a machine with their
usual warranties to a project where I would load it down to 0% they
answered ”Of course, that’s what we are here for, but we do have
certain conditions”. They would not hear about negative load.
• Therefore it is my opinion that by maintaining proper communication
with diesel manufacturers you may be able to operate your system
down to 0% load with full DGS warranty, provided you adhere to the
manufacturers demands – for example expressed in terms of the
time you need to run the machine at full blast to clean it after so-andso-long-time at low (down to 0%) load.
• There are of course other issues (such as OM&R in remote & cold
climate communities, scheduling and dispatch of multiple DGS units,
start and stop strategies) We will hopefully hear about those also
International Wind Diesel Conference, March 8-11, 2011, Girdwood, Alaska
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Per Lundsager M.Sc Ph.D: WE background
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1941 Born in Aarhus, Denmark
1967 Graduated DTU: M.Sc (1967), Ph.D (1979)
1970 Risø National Laboratory
1975 Rotor design on 2 MW Tvind Wind Turbine
1977 Measurement program Gedser WTG (DK EA / US DOE)
1980 - 82 Head of DK Test Station for Small WT’s (test, certific et al.)
1983 Visiting Professor SUNYAB USA (grad / post grad courses)
1984 – 90 Risoe Wind Diesel Programme (SR&R system et al.)
1986 – 92 International consultancy (Somalia, Cape Verde, PR China)
1993 – 99 Independent International WE Consultant in own company
2000 ff Distributed generation, sustainable energy systems etc (Position papers;
projects (Batlife); proposals (EU NoE DER Lab))
2000 ff International consulting (5 year Danida project, Indian Centre for WE
Technology (CWET))
2006 Retired, still doing some work for Risø and other clients (WB, Governments) in
my own consulting company Darup Associates Inc. (WiDAC et al.)
International Wind Diesel Conference, March 8-11, 2011, Girdwood, Alaska
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