NIGERIA’S STI SYSTEM: CURRENT
STATUS, CHALLENGES AND POLICY
REVISION
Willie O. Siyanbola (PhD Sussex), FMSN, FSESN
Director-General/CEO, NACETEM
A Report Presented at the Regional Workshop on Capacity Building in
STI Policy Reviews and S&T Statistics and Indicators for West Africa
Bamako, Mali, 10 – 13 May 2010
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NIGERIAN DELEGATION
•
•
•
•
•
Willie O. Siyanbola – DG/CEO, NACETEM
Dr Ijeoma Unaogu – Director, PRPA, FMST
Dauda Abioye – PA to the PS, FMST
Titilayo Tijani - PRPA, FMST
David Adeyeye – Desk Officer, ASTII Nigeria
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
• Nigeria’s Facts File
• Overview of Nigeria’s NIS
• Reform of the Nigeria’s NIS
– Major Challenges of STI System in Nigeria
• S&T Policy/S&T Policy Review
• Concluding Remarks
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A BRIEF ABOUT NIGERIA
Nigeria – Some fact file
•Political Independence: 1960
•Population: 140 million (2007)
•Land area 923,000 sq km
•Governance Structure:
Presidential System
•No of States: 36 + FCT
Nigeria
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Economy
•6th largest oil producer
(OPEC)
•GDP per capita: US$ 2660
•Literacy: 70.7%
•Telecom Subscribers: 74m
(2009)
•Tele-density: 42% (2009)
•External reserves: US$41b
•Consumer Inflation: 11.8%
•Graduate Unemployment: 35(2005)
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NIGERIA’S NATIONAL
INNOVATION SYSTEM (NIS)
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NIS: ADOPTED DEFINITION
The NIS is “the network of institutions
in the public and private sectors whose
activities and interactions initiate,
import, modify and diffuse new
technologies.” (Freeman, 1987)
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Finance
Structure of
Interactions
Among
Elements
of NIS
Policy Instruments
Government
Venture Fund
Venture Fund
Policy Instruments
Policy Instruments
Policy Instruments
Brokerage, Interface,
Bridging Institutions
Industrial
Education
and
Research
Production
Adapted from Tiffin,1997
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ELEMENTS OF NIGERIA’S NIS
• Funding
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•
•
•
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Bank of Industry (BOI)
Nigeria Agricultural, Cooperative and Rural Development Bank (NACRDB)
Micro Finance Banks
Government Agencies
Development Partners?
• Industry
•
•
•
•
Manufacturers Association of Nigeria (MAN)
NACCIMA
National Association of Small and Medium Scale Entrepreneurs (NASME)
Small and Medium Industries Equity Investment Scheme (SMEIS): The Informal Sector
• Education and Research
• Research institutes
• Universities
• Polytechnics/Monotechnics
• Policy and Regulations
• Government (Federal & States)
• FMST (Agencies)
• Diaspora (???)
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HEIs AND RIs: CURRENT STATUS
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•
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104 Universities
66 Polytechnics
52 Monotechnics
About 75 Research Institutes
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DISTRIBUTION OF HEIs AND RIs IN NIGERIA
5
SOKOTO
KATSINA
4
3
YOBE
JIGAWA
3
BORNO
2
ZAMFARA
1
KEBBI
BAUCHI
PLATEAU
25
12
21
4EKITI
S
A
AR
W
TARABA
9
KOGI
BENUE
OSUN
13
8
11
ENUGU
9
LAGOS
26
ABIA
5
2
6
RIVERS
7
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IMO
DELTA
BAYELSA
3
EBONYI
VE
R
9
EDO
ANAMBRA
ONDO
12
C/
RI
12
NA
6
7
4
A
FCT
KWARA
OYO
8
ADAMAWA
23 15
NIGER
11
GOMBE
5
KADUNA
OGUN
7
4
KANO
9
5
A/BOM
KEY
UNIVERSITIES (94)
POLYTECHNICS (58) / MONOTECHNICS(48)
COLLEGES OF EDUCATION (79)
RESEARCH INSTITUTES (68)
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NIGERIA S&T MGT STRUCTURE
PRESIDENCY
NATIONAL
ASSEMBLY
FEC
NCST
FMST
STATE S&T
MINISTRIES
DEPARTMENTS
21RESEARCH AGENCIES AND PARASTATALS
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MAIN INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED IN
S&T POLICY IN NIGERIA
• The Federal Ministry of Science and Technology
(FMST)
• National Council on S&T
• National Assembly Committees on S&T
• States Ministries and Houses of Assemblies
• Research institutes and academia
• National Planning Commission (???)
• National Centre for Technology
Management(NACETEM)
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REFORM OF NIGERIA’S NIS
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WHY REFORM?
• Lack of policy implementation and continuity
• Weak STI Support Infrastructure
• Under-Funding of Research Activities in
Nigerian Universities/Allied Institutions
• Poor Motivation of Scientists and Engineers
• Inadequate manpower (number/quality)
• Weak Linkage between Research
centres/universities and Productive Sector
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BACKGROUND TO REFORM OF
STI SYSTEM
• President Olusegun Obasanjo, in 1999, requested UNESCO for a
Special Cooperation Programme between Nigeria and UNESCO.
• The reform of Nigeria’s STI system was the major element of the
science component of the FMST-UNESCO Programme
• The aim of the reform is mainstreaming the utilization of S&T in
national economic and development policy.
• Funding for the FMST-UNESCO Programme (USD 1m)
– Japanese Government (USD 500,000)
– Nigerian Government (USD 500,000)
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OUTCOME OF THE STI SYSTEM
REFORM
• A thorough review of all of the “functions” of
Nigeria’s National System of Innovation.
• A program of in-depth reviews of STI programs in
government institutes and research universities;
• Development of a proposal for a financing system for
science and technology in Nigeria;
• A review of the needs for STI in Nigeria’s private
sector in the light of increasing globalization;
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OUTCOME OF THE STI SYSTEM
REFORM
• A human resource development program in STI
management;
• A program on development and management of STI
indicators, and communication systems for science;
• A program to strengthen Nigeria’s infrastructure in the
area of standards and metrology;
• A review of the country’s system for the protection of
intellectual property; and
• A review of Nigeria’s participation in regional and
international scientific activities.
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REVIEW OF THE
NATIONAL POLICY ON
S&T
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Siyanbola
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HISTORY OF NIGERIA’S S&T POLICY
• The first National Science and Technology Policy in Nigeria was
produced in 1986 under the leadership of Prof. E. U. Emovon
• The second policy was produced in 1997 under the leadership of the
HMST, Major-General Sam. I. Momah
• Another attempt was made in 2000/2001 under the leadership of
the HMST, Prof. Turner T. Isoun.
– Led to a compilation of sub-sectoral S&T policies in 2003
• The Review of the National S&T Policy has been assigned to
NACETEM’s as a key project since 2009 (on-going).
• Revised version expected to be ready by September, 2010
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NIGERIA’S S&T POLICY REVIEW: WHY?
• The present policy has been existing since 1997 and
therefore needs to be reviewed.
• There has not been any systematic performance
evaluation of the extant S&T policy.
• Urgent need to Integrate the lessons/outcomes of the S&T
reform in a revised policy
• There is a need to harmonize S&T policy with the national
economic policy and strategy; now dubbed as the Vision
20:2020
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CURRENT STATUS OF S&T POLICY IN
NIGERIA
• The last S&T Policy was reviewed in 1997
• There was no legal framework for the 1997
policy
• 2003 S&T policy was a compilation of key subsectoral policies
• Efforts by FMST (through NACETEM) to review
the 1997 policy now on-going
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POLICY REVIEW: MAIN ACTIVITIES
• Lessons learnt from other countries
• Sensitisation workshop among key stakeholders in Lagos and
Abuja.
• performance evaluation of the existing S&T policy.
• Harmonization of the new policy with other sectors’ policy by
convening a stakeholders’ meeting of the elements of the
National Innovation System (NIS).
• Presentation of the new policy to the National Assembly/
FEC for approval
• Enactment of the policy into law.
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POLICY REVIEW: KEY PARAMETERS
1. Policy Process
- Invitees, Awareness, medium of awareness, Adequacy, Acceptance, Adoption,
equity, Literacy, relevancy and Priorities, suitability of environment
2. Institutional Frameworks
- established institutions to implement policy, capabilities, Technological assessment,
capabilities
3. Funding / Investment in S&T
- Source of funding, Utilization of Fund Given, Infrastructure development, HRD,
capital Productivity
4. Policy Environment
- The effects of environmental factors on S&T
5. Policy Implementation Process
- Policy Implementation in sectors / organisations and nation at large
4. Impact of the policy
- sectoral impact, citizens, economy etc.
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CONCLUDING REMARKS:
BEYOND THE REFORM
• Establishment of the National Research and
Development Coordinating Council (NRDCC)
• Establishment of the National Science and Technology
Fund (NSTF) to adequately support R&D in Nigeria
• Strengthening of the FMST to coordinate, monitor and
evaluate performance of key S&T institutions/policy
• Stable STI Policy/implementation
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BRIEF ON NACETEM
• Capacity Building & Policy Studies in STI Mgt
– 120 full time staff
– 7 PhDs in S&T Management/Policy
– Over 25 Associate Resource persons from
Universities & Captains of Industry
• 4 Zonal offices (2 others to be established)
spread across the country
• Institutional collaborations: UNU MERIT, SPRU
etc.
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PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
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PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE (COMPLETED IN 2010)
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Interior View of 500-Seater Auditorium
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THANK YOU
FOR YOUR
ATTENTION
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