NAVAIR Cold Spray Initiative Update
Cold Spray Action TEAM
Presented to:
CSAT 2014 TIM; Worcester Polytechnic Institute
Presented by:
Frederick A. Lancaster AIR 4.3.4 S&T Lead
June 2014
Objective
The US Navy has the need to perform dimensional restoration of metallic
components caused by corrosion, restoration of material due to wear or
damage, and the ability to easily and rapidly repair structures in place on
Naval Aircraft.
The objective is to develop a metallization process that can be used to
facilitate repairs on naval aviation assets at all levels of maintenance.
Naval S&T Focus Areas:
– Affordability √
– Maintainability √
– Reliability
Naval S&T Objectives:
– Platform Affordability √
– Availability √
2
1911-2011
100 Years of Naval Aviation
NAVAIR Workforce Development
Engineer 1 Ground
Support
Engineer 8,
Tech 1; Low Pressure unit
Engineer 4
Tech 1; Low/High Pressure
units
Engineer 3
Tech 1; Low Pressure, 2
Robotic High pressure units
1911-2011
100 Years of Naval Aviation
Engineer 4
3
Tech 1; Low Pressure
4/7/2015
NAVAIR Cold Spray Timeline
Pre-Section 219 Timeframe (5 Years)
FY-05
FY-06
FY-08
FY-07
8 F-18 parts back in service
3 H-1 parts back in service
2 approved repair processes
2 new process pending/local approval
5 parts OEM approved (SAC) for rework
FY-09
FY-10
FY-11
FY-12+
Section 219 S&T Investment
Gearbox CS Repaired
Part Repair Approval
Initiate
Army
Contact
Army Collaboration (Demval, Testing, Information Exchange, Project Teaming, DOD Vision)
SME
SME
FRC-East Trained
SME
4 Low pressure CS units Operational
All FRC’s w/ full repair capability
Technical staff trained @ all sites
2 sites high pressure capable
Cold spray specifications for
process Approved
Aerospace Powder Spec
Developing
SME
Trai Modeling
ned
Pax River
MIL-STD-3021
Cold Spray
Spec
FRC-SESME
FRC-SW
Specifications
Trained
SME
MIL-PRF-XXXX
Aerospace Powder
Spec
3-------------------------4------------------5-------TRL Level--------------6--------7---------------------8--9
1911-2011
100 Years of Naval Aviation
Trained
Current Navy Cold Spray Capabilities
NAVAIR Facilities
–
–
–
–
FRC-East. 2 high & 1 low pressure
Pax River, low pressure portable
FRC Southeast (Jax), low pressure portable
FRC Southwest (NI), low pressure portable, 2 high
pressure robotic units (fy 14)
NAVSEA
- NSWCCD Inovati since 2004
- Keyport?
NPS
- Low Pressure cabinet
Technology Assessment
Target Material Applications Air Vehicles
– Aluminum alloys used for naval aviation applications
–
–
–
–
–
7075-T73651 Plate,
7075-T76511 Extruded,
7075-T6 sheet/clad skin,
2024-T3 – sheet/cladskin,
A356-T61 Cast,
– Steel alloys used for naval aviation applications
–
–
–
–
–
–
AISI 4130 & AISI 4340,
Stainless Steel PH13-8Mo,
High Strength Steels (landing gear, arresting hooks),
300M,
Aermet 100,
AF1410
– Magnesium alloys (AZ-91, ZE41A)
– Titanium (Ti6-4)
Partnerships / Collaborations
Direct collaboration with
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
AIR 4.4.2.3 Power & Propulsion
AIR 4.3.3.2 Structures
AIR 4.3.4.2 NDI (Pax & FRC-SW)
Penn State ARL (REPTECH)
PMA 265, PMA 299
FRC East, Southeast, Southwest
Sikorsky Aircraft, Boeing Aircraft
Australian DSTO
NSWC Carderock & US Naval Postgrad
Partnerships with
– USMC Corrosion Program
– NSWC Carderock Materials
•
–
–
–
–
Engineer/Scientist Rotation
NRL Code 35
US Naval Postgrad School, Monterey
Army Research Lab
AMRDEC
•TIPS: H-1 Combining Gearbox Repair
•DLA: IVD Aluminum Repair, Cad Alternative, Hard Chrome Alternative
•SBIR: Low pressure repairs, two small businesses & academia
•AERMIP: Low Pressure Portable Metallization FRC-SE, Hole restoration F-18
•OSD Corrosion: Portable Robotic System
•REPTECH- PSU ARL Portable Repair and Restoration of Aluminum and Magnesium
Components
•OSD Mantech-2012 Cold Spray Repair & Rebuild Technology (automated)
•ONR SBA (NSWC Carderock/NPS) Single Particle Impact Study
FY12 Progress
Key Milestones Achieved
– All depots operational & workforce trained
– DT/OT for AMAD Fretting Corrosion Repair
• Parts released back into fleet
– DT for AMAD internal damage rebuild repair
FRC-East System Upgrade
– Auxiliary heater installed on CGT Unit.
FY13 Progress
Key Milestones Achieved
– Continued flight time for AMAD repairs
– Upgrade of CGT-4000 @ FRC-E w/ 47kW heater
– OSD Corrosion Office sponsorship for continued
working relation with Australian DSTO.
– (overall, slow due to sequestration)
FY14 Expectations
Future:
– F-18
• Radar Racks, AMAD Gear Hard Chrome Alt, Wing/spar fastener hole repair (ie
bushing repair)
– 20 F-18 Radar Racks est $220K each tot $4.4M
• IVD Repair:
– H-60
• Canted bulkhead repair (bushing alternative)
• Gearbox repair (SAC & Australian DSTO)
– V-22
• V-22 Sills est $80K+ each sending back to CP.
– H-1
• Cobox O-Level Repairs
– FRC independent teams can now perform repairs
• Continue S&T work at Pax River with FRC’s to expand applications
• Refine portable repair process (field and depot – roll up to the airframe)
• Further Navy & Marine Corps Collaborative projects
•
Collaborative engineer rotation set-up with NSWC Carderock
Change Authorizations to Date
Local Process Specifications: Authority granted by
the cognizant engineering authority at the Fleet
Readiness Center (With local Materials & involved
competencies concurrence)
Engineering Orders from Sikorsky (ORI/(MEO
Army)): OEM approval. For Cold Spray the parts to
date are for using cold spray aluminum as an
alternative to flame spray aluminum, mainly for
wear areas, 5 applications.
FRC-SW Cold Spray Apps & Repairs
F/A-18E/F AMAD Main Housing (hydraulic pad restoration) LPS
F/A-18E/F AMAD Main Housing (gear failure repair) LPS
F/A-18E/F AMAD Hydraulic Gearshaft (seal surface repair) LPS
F/A-18E/F Main Landing Gear Brake Carrier
F/A-18A-D AMAD Housing PTS Axis (fretting repair)
Mature
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6. F/A-18E/F Radar Rack Assembly (dimensional restoration)
7. F/A-18A-D GCU Tube Flange (pitted repair)
8. F/A-18E/F GCU PMG Shaft (dimensional restoration)
9. F/A-18E/F Wing Panel Fastener Holes (dimensional restore)
10.F/A-18A-D Center Pylon (dimensional restoration)
In-Process
10. F/A-18E/F Steering Collar Cover (HSS dimensional restore)
11. F/A-18E/F Arresting Hook Pivot (HSS dimensional restore)
Recently
Identified
AMAD = Aircraft Mounted Accessory Drive GCU = Generator Control Unit
PTS = Power Take-Off Shaft
PMG = Permanent Magnet Group
HSS = High-Strength Steel
LPS = Local Process Specification
FRC-E Cold Spray Apps & Repairs
AMAD = Aircraft Mounted Accessory Drive
GCU = Generator Control Unit
PTS = Power Take-Off Shaft
PMG = Permanent Magnet Group
HSS = High-Strength Steel
LPS = Local Process Specification
In-Process
4. V-22 Window Sill Corrosion Repair (dimensional) LPS
5. H-60 Gearbox Pad Restoration;
1. Intermediate,
2. Tail,
3. Combining, &
4. Main
Mature
1. H-60 Sump (wear restoration, dimensional repair) SAC ORI
2. H-53 – Five SAC ORI’s for various drivetrain parts. (detail coming)
3. H-1 Combining Gearbox Chafing repair (dimensional) LPS *
1. First Operational Level Repair
FRC-SE Cold Spray Apps & Repairs
1. F-18 Bomb Rack Repair (coating repair) LPS
2. GSE Spotting Dolly Pin Coating Repair (coating repair)
Engineering Test
Mature
3. IVD Aluminum repair
In-Process
AMAD = Aircraft Mounted Accessory Drive
GCU = Generator Control Unit
PTS = Power Take-Off Shaft
PMG = Permanent Magnet Group
HSS = High-Strength Steel\
GSE= Ground Support Equipment
LPS= Local Process Specification
Current & Future Projects
Yr-10
Yr-11
Yr-12
Yr-13
Aircraft Component &Transition(s) Timeline
Repair of Cad & Al Coatings (OSD)
Dimensional Repair/Aerospace Powder Spec(DLA)
Repair of IVD(DLA)
Repair of Cad Alt
to Brush Plate
(DLA)
UH-1N/AH-1W RING GEAR High Pressure (Section 219) FRC-E
F-18 E/F/G AMAD Transmission Housing High Pressure Fretting/Dim Rep(Section
219) FRC-SW
H-60 Gearbox
repairs –
Australian
Navy/USN/US
Army/SAC
UH-1N/AH-1W COMBINING GEARBOX HOUSING REPAIR –
PORTABLE (TIPS) FRC-E
PSU-ARL Repairability, F-18 (REPTECH)
Key
Corrosion
Future
Dimensional/No
n-structural
Structural (Repair
within struct
limits)
H-53 MGB
Pad
Mounts (
POM15)
F-18 EMI REPAIR – PORTABLE (TBD)
UH-1N/AH-1W SUPPORT CASE PAD
MOUNT – PORTABLE (TBD)
UH-1N/AH-1W CAD ALTERNATIVE
ELECTTRICAL CONNECTORS –
PORTABLE (TBD)
14
Current & Future Projects
Yr-14
Yr-15
Yr-16
Yr-17
Aircraft Component &Transition(s) Timeline
Repair of Cad Alt to Brush Plate (DLA)
Aerospace Powder Spec(DLA)
Repair of IVD(DLA)
Repair of Cad Alt to Brush Plate (DLA)
Portable Robotic CS - H-60 Intermediate Gearbox repairs –
Australian Navy DSTO/USN NAVAIR (OSD Corrosion)
F-18 Wing Spar Fastener Hole Elongation Repair(AERMIP)
UH-1N/AH-1W COMBINING GEARBOX HOUSING REPAIR –
PORTABLE (TIPS) FRC-E (Deployment to O-Level)
PSU-ARL Repairability, F-18
(REPTECH)
Key
Portable Robotic Cold Spray Application
Corrosion/Coat
Dimensional/Non-structural
F-18 EMI REPAIR – PORTABLE (TBD)
Structural (Repair within struct limits)
UH-1N/AH-1W CAD ALTERNATIVE
ELECTTRICAL CONNECTORS –
PORTABLE (TBD)
To Be Proposed (wish list)
15
Future: Field/FRC Deployable
Robotic
Systems
Example: Australian DSTO
has adapted a robotic cold
spray metallization system
for Mobile Repair
Advantage: Ability to apply CS
portably at High Pressures for
structural applications or
precise repair.
Goal: A system that artisan
teams can deploy and repair
aircraft in the field, operational
level, or at the aircraft at the
Intermediate level.
Worked with RAN under a
Coalition Warfare project to
further develop this technology
for structural applications.
Currently awarded an OSD
Corrosion effort to further
collaboration & demonstration
of portable repairs.
*Rosebank Engineering presentation “TSS Cold Spray Conference 2010-Cold Spray application in Australian
Aerospace Industries-Neil Matthews” DSTO Project
S&T Analysis
Issues for all materials of interest to the Navy/NAVAIR
– Process parameters
• Repair limitations
– Coating optimization
• Powder
• Surface preparation
• Spray parameters
– Coating bond strength
– Coating cohesion
– Post-coating preparation
• Sealing
• Welding
• Machining
– Microstructural characterization
• Metallurgical bond
• Dislocation density
• Coating formation
– Mechanical properties
(comparison to existing
technology)
• Residual stress
–
–
–
–
–
Fatigue
Corrosion
Evaluation/Development of NDT
Significance of Flaws
Specifications and Requirements
• Fitness for service acceptance
criteria & logistics
– In-service repair
– Safety/Environmental concerns
– Application based cost benefit
analysis
– Modeling, process & materials
– Logistics constraints
•
•
Material
Equipment
Need to tie fundamental
understanding of process
parameters/operating envelope to
coating properties
Hierarchy of Cold Spray Application
Projects
Approach
Establish Procedure(s)
Develop
– Develop Process(es) & Equipment
• NRL, ARL, NSWC-Carderock, Industry, Academia
– Certify Testing & Results (laboratory)
• Physical Tests
• Corrosion Tests
• Non-destructive
– Develop Process Certification
Procedures/Methods
– System/Process Functional Tests
• Apply to aircraft
• Flight Test
Qualify
Check
Assure
Take-Aways
– All Fleet Readiness Centers are capable of Cold Spray
repairs
• Hardware in place
• Personnel trained, SME’s in place
• Active S&T portfolio to support new process
applications
– Still a significant amount of applications & repairs to develop
– New alloy development still an open technology area.
– Continue process development, verification & validation,
and qualification of applications
– Next Step: Portable Systems for Depot & Field Use
• Develop portable repair processes for field and depot
– roll up to the airframe in place.
Summary
• Responsive to fleet needs with solutions
that keep fleet assets affordable &
maintainable
•Establishing for NAVAIR a solid base to grow
from
– Material & Process Protocols
– Capabilities
– Processes
– Manpower
– Logistics