David L. Olson, Univ. of Nebraska
Vo Van Huy, Ho Chi Minh City Univ. of Tech.
Nguyen Manh Tuan, Ho Chi Minh City Univ. of Tech.
CONFENIS 2011, Aalborg

• Applicability of ERP to small businesses
• How consultancy knowledge bases can be built
• ERP Training
– How to use the software
– How to do your job in the new environment
CONFENIS 2011, Aalborg

• There are risks to SMEs from ERP
– Iskanius [2010]; Chang & Hung [2010]
• SAP, Oracle too expensive for SMEs
– Premkumar [2003]
• SMEs can develop in-house ERP
– Olsen & Sμtre [2007]
CONFENIS 2011, Aalborg

Poba-Nzaou et al. [2008]
1. Organizational risk includes personnel and organizational structure impact
2. Business-related risk involves changing business processes
3. Technological risk relates to computer and software systems
4. Entrepreneurial risk relates to top management views,
5. Contractual risk deals with relationships with contracted partners
6. Financial risk involves cash flow impact
– ERP system benefits tend to be in the long-run
– Costs tend to occur early
CONFENIS 2011, Aalborg

• Consultancies emerging to serve SMEs
– Chen et al. [2008]; Koh et al. [2009]
• Help with
– System design
– Selection
– Implementation
– Training
CONFENIS 2011, Aalborg

• Consultants have experience in multiple ERP installations
– Can thus develop knowledge bases
• Tsai et al. [2009]
• Training especially critical
• Wang et al. [2007]; Bradley [2008]
– Strong tendency to underestimate training cost
• Slater [1998]
CONFENIS 2011, Aalborg

•
Context
(Adapted from Gharajedaghi, 2005
)
Function
Structure
Process
1 st iteration
2 nd iteration
…..
n th iteration
CONFENIS 2011, Aalborg

HY-ICT information-communications technology consultant, Vietnam
• Consulting case structure
– Symptoms to identify problems, difficulties
– Diagnose to explain problems
– Treatment to remove symptoms
• Consulting manifestations:
– Key organizational knowledge tracks sales
• Historical project profiles by industry, service
• Pre-sales activities – visits, client business practices
• ERP Implementation – user training, product installation, customization, Signed-off agreement
CONFENIS 2011, Aalborg

• Human resources
1. Number of people involved (educational level, training)
2. Human resource quality (ability to develop & design products)
3. Development strategy
• Training
– Consultant training about ERP functionality
– Key user/division head training of business applications
– Client end-user training about operations
• Key role as organizing business processes and tasks
CONFENIS 2011, Aalborg

• Business specifications & requirements
• Allocation of technical staff
• Create project development plan
• Software product
– Identify existing business activities & systems
• Competitive advantages
• Off-the-shelf products available
– Explore existing business processes
• Train key users
• Perform customization or select modules
• Obtain management approval
CONFENIS 2011, Aalborg

• Knowledge about dealing with new circumstances
• Common source of change – governmental regulation (accounting requirements)
• EXAMPLE:
– Call center services
• Individual operation response/action to inquiries
• Over time – operator response data file is key asset
• Give every operator instructions on rules of action
– Organizational habits
CONFENIS 2011, Aalborg

• Private medium-sized Information-
Communications Technology consulting company
• Specialize in enterprise-wide software implementation
– Customization & implementation of ERP systems such as Oracle, Microsoft
• BUSINESS GOALS:
– Serve SMEs in Vietnam
CONFENIS 2011, Aalborg

• HY-ICT mission
– Consult in implementing ERP packages
• Two key business activities
– Sales of ERP packages
– Training
• Database
– Historical project profiles
– Original product provider training & support
– Pre-sales activities
• Visits, explore client software practices
– Implementation
• User training
• Product installation
• Customizing
CONFENIS 2011, Aalborg

• 13 common business processes
– Organized into 5 categories of incidents
• Time
• Business actors
• Business environment
• Business actions & Processes
• Business performance
– Based on 8 interviews, 20 web pages coded by interview protocol
– Four types of concepts
• Ends
• Means
• Process (behavior)
• Context (threshold)
CONFENIS 2011, Aalborg

1. Training for business consultants
2. Training for client key users or division heads
3. Training for client end-users
• Each had different problems
– Ground knowledge on experience
• By vendor (SAP or Oracle)
– Clearly identify key business processes to sort training classes
– Organize training by business process
CONFENIS 2011, Aalborg

• HY-ICT revealed value of ERP consultants to SMEs
• Competitive pressures make ERP mandatory for some organizations
– New regulations also create demand
• KEY ISSUES
– Applicability of ERP to SMEs
– How consultant knowledge bases can be developed
– Training issues
CONFENIS 2011, Aalborg

• Organizational knowledge behaves as a system
– Manifests itself as business activities
• Structure
– Justification of ERP packages as business effects on the bottom line
• Function
– Focus of ERP implementation on organizing business processes and tasks, particularly training.
• Process
– Customized ERP packages as in-demand products
• Context
– Adopted best practices or maintained business acts as business habits
• ERP can be very useful to Vietnamese SMEs
CONFENIS 2011, Aalborg