Applications of Wireless Sensor
Networks in Smart Grid
Presented by Zhongming Zheng
Outline
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Introduction
System Model
OREM
iHEM Application
Performance evaluation
Introduction
• Smart grid
– Modern electric power-grid infrastructure
– For improving efficiency, reliability and safety
– With integration of renewable and alternative
energy sources
– Through automated control and modern
communication technologies
Introduction
• The key factor
– Online power system condition monitoring,
diagnostic, and protection
– Reliable and online information
– Avoid power disturbances and outages due to
equipment failures, capacity limitations, natural
accidents and catastrophes
Introduction
• Possible Solutions
– Traditional wired monitoring systems
• Expensive communication cable installations
• Expensive regularly maintenance
• Not widely implemented today due to high cost
Introduction
• Possible Solutions
– Wireless sensor networks
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Rapid deployment
Low cost
Flexibility
Aggregated intelligence via parallel processing
Introduction
• Existing and potential applications of WSNs on
smart grid
– Wireless automatic meter reading
– Remote system monitoring and equipment fault
diagnostic
Introduction
• Wireless automatic meter reading
– Reduce electric utility operational costs (No need
for human readers)
– Online pricing based on online energy
consumption of the customers
– Asset protection through advanced remote
monitoring
– WSNs provide low-cost and low-power solution
Introduction
• Remote system monitoring and equipment fault
diagnostic
– Avoid or largely alleviated power-grid and facility
breakdowns
– Existing remote sensing, monitoring and fault
diagnostic solutions are too expensive
– WSNs provide cost-effective sensing and
communication solution in a remote and online
manner
Introduction
• Challenges to apply WSNs in smart grid
– Harsh environmental conditions
– Reliability and latency requirements
– Packet errors and variable link capacity
– Resource constraints
Overview
• Previous work
– Propose an in-home energy management application
– Employ a wireless sensor home area network
– Exploit communications among the appliances and an
energy management unit
• This work
– Develop the optimization-based residential energy
management scheme
– Aim to minimize the energy expenses of the consumers
– Schedule appliances to less expensive hours according to
the time of use tariff
Outline
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Introduction
System Model
OREM
iHEM Application
Performance evaluation
System Model
• System Configuration
– Home area network
– Utilize Zigbee protocol
– Divide one day into equal-length timeslots
– Various timeslots may have different price
Outline
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Introduction
System Model
OREM
iHEM Application
Performance evaluation
Optimization-Based Residential Energy
Management (OREM)
• The consumer requests are given in advance
• Objective function
– Minimize the total energy expenses
Optimization-Based Residential Energy
Management (OREM)
• Constraints
– the total duration of the cycles of the scheduled
appliances does not exceed the length of the
timeslot that is assigned for them
Optimization-Based Residential Energy
Management (OREM)
• Constraints
– A cycle may start at the end of one timeslot and it
will naturally continue in the consecutive timeslot.
– An appliance cycle is fully accommodated without
experiencing any interruptions
Optimization-Based Residential Energy
Management (OREM)
• Constraints
– Bound the maximum delay to two timeslots to
reduce consumer discomfort and to avoid bursts
of request
Outline
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Introduction
System Model
OREM
iHEM Application
Performance evaluation
In-Home Energy Management(iHEM)
• Consumer demands are processed in real time
• Objective
– Decrease the cost of energy usage at home
– Minimize the comfort degradation for the
consumers
In-Home Energy Management(iHEM)
• Scenario
In-Home Energy Management(iHEM)
• Notations
– RFD: reduced function device.
– FFD: full function device
– PAN(Grey node): personal area network
coordinator
In-Home Energy Management(iHEM)
Check price &
Scheduling
In-Home Energy Management(iHEM)
• START-REQ (a)
– Request to start
• AVAIL-REQ (b)
– Request for the availability of energy
• UPDATE-AVAIL (c)
– Update the amount of available energy on the unit
In-Home Energy Management(iHEM)
In-Home Energy Management(iHEM)
• Personal area network coordinator
– Beacon-enabled mode
• Define the duty cycle with the superframe duration of the
superframe structure
• Synchronize the nodes in the network
• Nodes only communicate in the active period
• In Contention Access Period, transmit data by CSMA/CA
Outline
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Introduction
System Model
OREM
iHEM Application
Performance evaluation
Conclusion
Simulation Results
Simulation Results
Q&A