„Energy from Chemical Fuels“
EEC 2012, Katowice
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kolb, KIT
CC Germany
What are Chemical Fuels?
Chemical Fuels / Chemical Energy Carriers, CEC:
substances with chemical enthaly content
• produced for transport, storage
and use in energy conversion systems
• produced from fossil and biogenic energy resources
i.e. low rank / quality fuels
• or synthesysed from chemical substances
KIC InnoEnergy / Energy from Chemical Fuels / Speaker: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kolb
2
Energy from Chemical Fuels - field of operation
energy
resources
conversion
chemical
fuel
upgrading
utilization
transport
power
heat
mobility
storage
furnace
engine
turbine
electr.
therm. energy
chem. subst.
chemical
fuel
conversion
KIC InnoEnergy / Energy from Chemical Fuels / Speaker: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kolb
power plant
fuel cell
Energy from Chemical Fuels - field of operation
energy
resources
conversion
chemical
fuel
upgrading
utilization
transport
crude oil
nat gas
coal
biomass
examples
diesel
DME
SNG
pellets
power
heat
mobility
storage
furnace
engine
turbine
electr.
therm. energy
chem. subst.
chemical
fuel
conversion
KIC InnoEnergy / Energy from Chemical Fuels / Speaker: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kolb
power plant
fuel cell
Energy from Chemical Fuels - Strategy
Challenges
• CO2-reduction !
SET Plan
• fuel resources ?
• RES integration
 supply / demand gap !
Answers Chemical Fuels
• process efficiency
• fuel / load / product flexibility
• storage
• biomass
KIC InnoEnergy / Energy from Chemical Fuels / Speaker: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kolb
5
Potential of Gasification
Quelle: IPCC Special Report on Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage, 2005
KIC InnoEnergy / Energy from Chemical Fuels / Speaker: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kolb
Expanded technology initiative areas. All important but
with varying time for implementation and winning
business case
The initial areas
Further promising areas
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
9. Hydro
10.Geothermal
11.Marine
12.Combined heat and power
13.Advanced Fossil
14.Energy efficiency in
industrial applications
15.Fusion
16.Fuel Cells and hydrogen
Wind
PV/CSP
Bioenergy
Smart Grids
Energy Storage
Smart energy efficient
buildings and cities
7. Advanced Nuclear
8. Clean Coal
by Magnus Callavik, KIC
EEC, 2012-05-15 | Dr. M Callavik
Innovation Projects
Energy from Chemical Fuels
Akronym
Title
1
DeBugger
Demonstration of efficient Biomass Use for Generation of Green Energy
and Recovery of Nutrients
2
Demitar
Development and market implementation of PID and FID tar analyzers
3
SNG
Demonstration of improved catalysts and reactor designs for the
production of SNG from biomass via gasification + SNG for smart gas grids
4
Fuel Flex
Fuel flexible combustion systems for liquid and gaseous bio fuels
5
Syncon
Novel synthesis process concepts for efficient chemicals / fuel production
from biomass
6
Upgrad
Upgrading of low-rank biogenic feedstock for heat and power production
via combustion and gasification
7
xGaTe
Extended Gasifier Technologies
Status 2012-04-24
KIC InnoEnergy / Energy from Chemical Fuels / Speaker: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kolb
8
9
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kolb │ INFUB 2011, Estoril, Portugal, April 2011
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kolb | INFUB - 9, Estoril, Portugal, April 2011
Engler-Bunte Institute , Fuel Technology
Institute for Technical Chemistry, Gasification Technology
DVGW Research Station , Gas Technology
„Chemical Storage“
EEC 2012, Katowice
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kolb, KIT
CC Germany
What are Chemical Fuels good for?
Chemical Fuels / Chemical Energy Carriers, CEC:
are produced / designed for:
• energy storage
• energy transport
• energy conversion
in systems with high energy efficiency
KIC InnoEnergy / Energy from Chemical Fuels / Speaker: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kolb
11
Power Storage – Energy Density
102
Graphite
Diesel
Crude
LNG
Gasoline
Ethanol
101
Hydrogen (liquid)
CNG
(200 bar)
MJ/l
Zink-Air-Battery
Hydrogen (700 bar)
TNT
NiMH Akku
Alkali-Mangan-Battery
100
Lithium-Ionen-Akku
Blei-Säure-Akku
Air (300 bar, isothern)
10-1
Methane
10-2
10-1
Hydrogen
100
102
101
103
104
MJ/kg
KIC InnoEnergy / Energy from Chemical Fuels / Speaker: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kolb
12
Power Storage - Options
1ltr gasoline
109 m³n NG
KIC InnoEnergy / Energy from Chemical Fuels / Speaker: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kolb
Storage of Gaseous Chemical Energy Carriers
Storage Capacity
SNG from RES
• demand 2050: 16TWh
• NG infra: 330 TWhchem
PHS 0.04 - 0.06 TWh
KIC InnoEnergy / Energy from Chemical Fuels / Speaker: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kolb
G
er
m
a
n
y
Transport of Gaseous Chemical Energy Carriers
Transport Capacity
120 bars / 1400 mm
50*109 mn³/a
70 GWchem
1 high voltage
AC power cable
<1 GW
KIC InnoEnergy / Energy from Chemical Fuels / Speaker: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kolb
bioliq® BtL process at KIT
16
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kolb
Engler-Bunte-Institut, EBI-ceb
Institut für Technische Chemie, Vergasungstechnologie
DVGW Forschungsstelle am EBI, GastechnologieI
bioliq® BtL process at KIT
17
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Kolb
Engler-Bunte-Institut, EBI-ceb
Institut für Technische Chemie, Vergasungstechnologie
DVGW Forschungsstelle am EBI, GastechnologieI