Thailand’s
National Single Window
Development
Somnuk Keretho, PhD
Director, Institute for IT Innovation
Kasetsart University, Bangkok
.
sk@ku-inova.org
An integrated Trade Facilitation Strategy for Greece
including Single Window
19-20 July 2012, Athens, Greece
Thai Case
Logistics as the National Competitiveness Strategy
recognized by the Government and Business Leaders in 2003.
Logistics Cost/GDP1
Thailand
Japan
USA
EU
~19%
~ 11%
~ 9%
~ 7%
This is a threat, but also
an opportunity for improvement.
1
2
Page
2
Ref: The Brooker Group
Thailand GDP, 2004: ~6 million-million bath
An integrated Trade Facilitation Strategy for Greece including Single Window , 19-20 July 2012, Athens, Greece
Somnuk Keretho, PhD
Background
Facts / Findings
 Thailand logistics cost to GDP (1998-2007) was in a range of
17 - 20 percents (about double the cost of many developed countries…)
 Logistics and trade facilitation are the important factors that contribute
to the competitiveness of developing countries
 Thailand logistics service is mostly in the beginning stage of
development
 There is a significant potential for Thai logistics business services to
grow and create economic values for Thailand and enhance
international trade efficiency between Thailand and other countries.
Thailand Logistics Development
 Brain storming in 2003
 Thailand Single Window e-Logistics Plan (2004)
 Logistics Development Strategy (2005-2007)
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An integrated Trade Facilitation Strategy for Greece including Single Window , 19-20 July 2012, Athens, Greece
Somnuk Keretho, PhD
Logistics Development Master Plan (2007 - 2011)
endorsed by the Thai Cabinet on Feb 2007
To reduce the trade logistics cost from 19% (2007) to 16% (2011)
(comparing to GDP)
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An integrated Trade Facilitation Strategy for Greece including Single Window , 19-20 July 2012, Athens, Greece
Somnuk Keretho, PhD
Trade Movement – 3 Kinds of Flow
Seller
(Exporter)
Physical Goods
Buyer
(Importer)
Payment
Information/Documents
Traders
Post-Harvesters
Farmers
Banks
Exporters
Freight Forwarders
Customs
Cargo Insurance
Wholesalers
Traders Consumers
Importers
Other-Government-Agencies
Ship Agent
Transport-Operators
Terminal-Operator
Carriers
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An integrated Trade Facilitation Strategy for Greece including Single Window , 19-20 July 2012, Athens, Greece
Somnuk Keretho, PhD
Thai Case Example
Documents related to Exportation of Rice
(from purchase order until the cargo container leaving the sea port)
36 Documents involving 15 parties, and more than 1,140 data elements to be filled in
1.
Proforma Invoice (35)
2.
Purchase Order (39)
3.
21.
Master Sea Cargo Manifest(17)
22.
House Sea Cargo Manifest (37)
Commercial Invoice (51)
23.
Export Declaration (114)
4.
Application for Letter of Credit (24)
24.
Good Transition Control List (27)
5.
Letter of Credit (32)
25.
Application for Permission to Export Rice (KP. 2) (24)
6.
Packing List (25)
26.
Sales Report (KP 3) (21)
7.
Cargo Insurance Application Form (20)
27.
8.
Cover Note (23)
Application for the Collection of the Permit for the Export
of Rice (A. 3) (35)
9.
Insurance Policy (24)
28.
Permit for the Export of Rice (A. 4) (35)
10.
Booking Request Form – Border Crossing (25)
29.
11.
Booking Confirmation – Border Crossing (30)
Application for Certificate of Standards of Product (MS.
13/1) (44)
12.
Booking Request Form – Inland Transport (16)
30.
Certificate of Analysis (17)
13.
Booking Confirmation – Inland Transport (18)
31.
Certificate of Product Standards (MS. 24/1) (45)
14.
Bill of Lading (42)
32.
Certificate of Fumigation (21)
15.
Empty Container Movement Request (TKT 305) (20)
33.
Application for Phytosanitary Certificate (PQ. 9) (29)
16.
Request for Port Entry (TKT 308.2) (27)
34.
Phytosanitary Certificate (33)
17.
Equipment Interchange Report (EIR) (24)
35.
Application for Certificate of Origin (42)
18.
Container Loading List (28)
36.
Certificate of Origin (38)
19.
Container List Message (32)
20.
Outward Container List (34)
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Buy/Pay Docs
Transport Docs
Regulatory Docs
* Number in parenthesis is the no. of data elements
An integrated Trade Facilitation Strategy for Greece including Single Window , 19-20 July 2012, Athens, Greece
Somnuk Keretho, PhD
Conduct Business Process Analysis
- Exporting Jasmine Rice from Thailand -
16 days required for procedures &
Day
documents handling
20
Time-Procedure Chart
4 days
16
15
3 days
10
2 days
5
2 days
2 days
2
3 days
4
6
9
10
14
12
5
3
1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1. Buy - Conclude sales contract and trade terms
2. Obtain export permit
3. Arrange transport
4. Arrange the inspection and fumigation
5. Obtain cargo insurance
6. Provide customs declaration
7. Collect empty container(s) from yard
Page
7
1 day
8
1 day
11
1 day
13
7
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14 Process
8. Stuff container(s)
9. Transfer to port of departure
10. Clear goods through customs
11. Handle container at terminal and stow on vessel
12. Prepare documents required by importer
13. Verify the accuracy/authenticity of exported cargo
14. Pay - Claim payment of goods
An integrated Trade Facilitation Strategy for Greece including Single Window , 19-20 July 2012, Athens, Greece
Somnuk Keretho, PhD
Exporting Rice
(from purchasing time till the vessel leaving the port)
36 required documents (only 4-6 e-documents)
15 Stakeholders involved
14 big steps (123 small steps)
16 days needed (all together)
– 6 days for regulatory procedures
– 7 days for transport-related procedures
– 12 days for traders, banks and insurance
procedures
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An integrated Trade Facilitation Strategy for Greece including Single Window , 19-20 July 2012, Athens, Greece
Somnuk Keretho, PhD
Current Situation (2007)
- Declaration
- Invoice
- Packing List
New Generation of EDI
(ebXML MS/XML Messages/Digital Singnatures)
Server
Browser (Request for C/O)
Exporter
Browser (Request for Health Cert.)
except Shrimp (Request from Dept of Fisheries)
About 80%
of required
documents
are
physical
papers not
electronic
papers yet.
Paperless Customs Declaration
and Clearance
Customs Dept
Web-Based Application
(Certificate of Origin)
Dept of Foreign Trade
Web-Based Application
(Health Certificate)
Separate
ICT islands
Dept of Livestock Development
Many Paper Documents
Paper Handling and/or Web-Based Application
(Bill of Lading)
Carriers or other logistics service providers
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An integrated Trade Facilitation Strategy for Greece including Single Window , 19-20 July 2012, Athens, Greece
Web-Based Application
(Health Certificate)
Dept of Fisheries
Somnuk Keretho, PhD
Thailand vision:
from multiple windows to Single Window
~ 24 days *(World Bank 2006)
Exporter
And
Importer
National
Single
Window
Carriers & LSP
Impact to
economy
Single entry
process
Page
 10
Data Harmonization
~350 data items and
no travel needed
To reduce time used
on document
procedures
Government
Agencies
Less than 10 Days
 One day delay costs 1% reduction in export value (World Bank, 2006)
 Direct and indirect costs incurred in documentary process account for 1-15
% of finished goods (OECD, 2003)
An integrated Trade Facilitation Strategy for Greece including Single Window , 19-20 July 2012, Athens, Greece
Somnuk Keretho, PhD
Thai Case Example
A Conceptual Architecture of
the “To-Be” National Single Window
Now, technical interoperability standard
(e.g. based on ebXML MS) is needed, and
common definitions of data elements, and
semantic data structures (common data models)
among different documents required by
different organizations are required also.
National
Single Window
Paperless Customs Declaration
and Clearance
Customs Dept
36
Regulatory
Agencies
Web-Services (ebXML) Application
(Certificate of Origin)
Dept of Foreign Trade
Exporter
Goal - Single Window/e-Documents
One time submission for each data element
but multiple usage for different purposes on
different ICT platforms
Web-Services Applications
(e.g. Bill of Lading, and other documents)
Web-Services (ebXML) Application
(Health Certificate)
Dept of Livestock Development
Web-Services (ebXML) Application
(Health Certificate)
Dept of Fisheries
Carriers or other logistics service providers
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An integrated Trade Facilitation Strategy for Greece including Single Window , 19-20 July 2012, Athens, Greece
Somnuk Keretho, PhD
Thailand SW Architecture (Regulatory SW)
Governance Mechanism – policy decision, service charge regulation, service level agreement etc.
Carrier
VAS
Custom Broker/
Freight Forwarder
VAS
Ship Agent,
Airlines Agent
VAS
Value-Added
Services for
Single
Window
Entry and
Business
Process
Management
Bank and
Insurance
Other
Business Parties
 12
4
e-Document
Exchange Hub
for Cross-boarder
Trade and Transport
National
Single
Window
(NSW)
By Customs
Department
7
3
Process Re-design & Data Harmonization
VAS
1
Process Re-design & Data Harmonization
Importer/
Exporter
Other Logistics
Service Providers
Page
Value-Added
Service
Providers
VAS Gateway
5
VAS Gateway
Private Sector
&Transport Agencies
VAS Gateway
2
6
7
36 Government
and facilitating
Agencies
ebMS
ebMS
Customs Dept
Dept. of
Foreign Trade
Dept. of
Fisheries
ebMS
Dept. of
Disease Control
ebMS
Port Authority
Of Thailand
ebMS
Port/Airport
ebMS
ICT National Infrastructure and related IT Laws
Other agencies
responsible by Ministry of ICT
An integrated Trade Facilitation Strategy for Greece including Single Window , 19-20 July 2012, Athens, Greece
Somnuk Keretho, PhD
Roles & Participants
Electronic document Exchange Service
 Document exchange between government agencies (G2G) via Government
Information Network (GIN) supported by MICT
 Data exchange between government and business sectors (G2B) via VAN/VAS
providers
 Data exchange between business sectors (B2B) via VAN/VAS providers
National and International Gateways
 Integrate / link VAN/VAS (import, export and logistics)
 National gateway for data exchange between Thailand and ASEAN Members
 National gateway for data exchange between Thailand and other countries
Participants / Clients
 40 government agencies (35 user agencies and 5 support agencies)
 125,000 traders (importer, exporter, customs broker, freight forwarder, shipping lines,
air lines, sea port, air port, logistics service providers, bank,…)
 Others (ASEAN Member and other countries….)
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An integrated Trade Facilitation Strategy for Greece including Single Window , 19-20 July 2012, Athens, Greece
Somnuk Keretho, PhD
National Commitment
National Logistics Committee chaired by the Prime Minister
 Minister of Finance, Minister of Industry, Ministry of Commerce,
 Ministry of Transport, NESDB (National Economic and Social Development Board), ….
 Executives from business sectors
 Thailand National Single Window is one of the National Agendas
ASEAN Agreement to establish the ASEAN Single Window
 ASEAN – 6 (2008)
 ASEAN – 4 (2012)
Leading Agency
 The Customs Department, Ministry of Finance
Business/Financial Model of National Single Window
 Initial funding by the government (100%) supervised by the Customs
 No transaction fee for data exchange among government and trade
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An integrated Trade Facilitation Strategy for Greece including Single Window , 19-20 July 2012, Athens, Greece
Somnuk Keretho, PhD
Interagency Collaborative Platform
National Committees and Working Groups
 National Logistics Committee of Thailand
 National Sub-committee on Data Integration for Import, Export and Logistics
 Steering Committee on National Single Window Development
 Committee on Regulatory Framework and Quality Assurance of Thailand NSW
 Inter-Agency Technical Working Group for National Single Window
 Inter-Agency Legal Working Group
 Committees and Working Groups (within each agency)
Business process analysis and reforms
 A Lot of Workshops, Group discussion and consultations to simplify and streamline
business process among government and business sectors
ASEAN Meetings and Working Bodies
 AEC Council, AEM, AFM, ASEAN Customs Director-General, ….
 ASEAN Single Window Steering Committee (ASW)
 Technical Working Group for ASW
 Legal & Regulatory Working Group for ASW, etc
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An integrated Trade Facilitation Strategy for Greece including Single Window , 19-20 July 2012, Athens, Greece
Somnuk Keretho, PhD
Legal and Agreement Framework
 Electronic documents legally recognized under the
National Electronic Transactions Act (April 2001)
 Enhance Departmental regulation for e-document
exchange among government and business sectors
 Inter-Agency Legal Working Group enables relevant legal
frameworks for paperless service among 35 government
agencies
 MOU among 36 organizations were signed for electronic
document adoption (including representatives from
business sectors)
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An integrated Trade Facilitation Strategy for Greece including Single Window , 19-20 July 2012, Athens, Greece
Somnuk Keretho, PhD
Evolution of Thailand National Single Window
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An integrated Trade Facilitation Strategy for Greece including Single Window , 19-20 July 2012, Athens, Greece
Somnuk Keretho, PhD
A Single Submission for Electronic Customs Declaration
Electronic
Customs
Declaration
Submission
with
Digital
Signature
All transactions are electronically exchanged,
e.g. Customs e-payment, risk analysis,
reporting, …
Referring to – ‘Thailand NSW” presentation by
Mr. SINMAHAT Kiatjanon, Thai Customs Department - February 2010., Nepal.
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An integrated Trade Facilitation Strategy for Greece including Single Window , 19-20 July 2012, Athens, Greece
Somnuk Keretho, PhD
Adoption of e-Document Exchange
around the country taking times!
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An integrated Trade Facilitation Strategy for Greece including Single Window , 19-20 July 2012, Athens, Greece
Somnuk Keretho, PhD
”As-Is” Business Process Analysis
for Exporting Jasmine Rice
Thai Case
Problems :
- Duplicated Information & 3-5 physical visits to different locations
- High Cost and Time for sending and receiving documents
- Possible Data Inconsistency
Page
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An integrated Trade Facilitation Strategy for Greece including Single Window , 19-20 July 2012, Athens, Greece
Somnuk Keretho, PhD
”To-Be” or new/faster/better Process
with Data Harmonization for possible Single Data Entry
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An integrated Trade Facilitation Strategy for Greece including Single Window , 19-20 July 2012, Athens, Greece
Somnuk Keretho, PhD
Thai Case
A Regional Connectivity: ASEAN Single Window
ASEAN Data Model uses
information parameters
from 13 documents for
cross-border cargo
clearance.
Page
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An integrated Trade Facilitation Strategy for Greece including Single Window , 19-20 July 2012, Athens, Greece
Somnuk Keretho, PhD
Cross-border Collaboration
ASEAN Single Window (ASW)
 ASEAN Agreement for ASW signed by ASEAN Economic
 Ministers (9 December 2005) and ASEAN Protocol for ASW signed by ASEAN Finance
Ministers(5 April 2006)
ASW Pilot project
 Exchange of ECO for ASEAN and ASEAN Customs Declaration Document
 ASEAN engaged consulting firm to study the solution for the ASW pilot project
Malaysia-Thailand B2B Cross Border Initiative
 Facilitation of Trade Route through the use of RFID Pilot project start 2010 (TNT &
DHL, …)
 Live and Enhancement (2011)
Thailand – Lao B2B Pilot Project Initiative (2010)
 Lao importers can reuse electronic export customs declaration receiving from
exporter in Thailand
Thailand – Taiwan G2G pilot project Initiative
 ECO (electronic certificate of origin) pilot project for trade facilitation
 1st Joint Meeting in Taipei (December 2010)
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An integrated Trade Facilitation Strategy for Greece including Single Window , 19-20 July 2012, Athens, Greece
Somnuk Keretho, PhD
Customs Clearance Impacts
Ref: Sinmahat K. “NSW in Thailand”, a presentation in Nepal, Feb 2011.
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An integrated Trade Facilitation Strategy for Greece including Single Window , 19-20 July 2012, Athens, Greece
Somnuk Keretho, PhD
National Trade Improvement
Page
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An integrated Trade Facilitation Strategy for Greece including Single Window , 19-20 July 2012, Athens, Greece
Somnuk Keretho, PhD
Recommendations for Greece
 Development of Electronic Customs Declaration Submission
with Digital Signature (or other appropriate means for online
identification) with other supporting functions, e.g.
– Risk Assessment
– Customs Duty e-Payment (connecting with Banks)
– Physical examination reduction
– Online statistics reporting
– VAT refund operational improvement, etc..
 Development of paperless import/export-related permits and
certificates issuing and e-document exchange for speeding up
and more effective Customs control with agriculture products
and other specialized goods.
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An integrated Trade Facilitation Strategy for Greece including Single Window , 19-20 July 2012, Athens, Greece
Somnuk Keretho, PhD
Thank you.
“Dear friend, I pray that you may enjoy good health and that
all may go well with you, even as your soul is getting along well.”
3 John 2 [The Holy Bible].
Somnuk Keretho, PhD
UNNExT Advisory Committee
Director, Institute for IT Innovation
......
Kasetsart University, Bangkok
sk@ku-inova.org