Unit 3
Grammar and usage
泗洪县洪翔中学
崔霓雪
Non-restrictive attributive
clauses
非限制性定语从句
Words preview
skinny
lift
consider
effect
affect
sportsman
adj. 极瘦的,皮包骨的
vt. 举起
vt. 考虑
n. 效果,作用;影响
vt. 影响
n. 运动员
Words and Expressions preview
achievement
risk
post
side effect
fall out
n. 成就
n. & vt. 冒险
n. (在网上发布的)帖子
副作用
(头发等)脱落
Who is he?
*The man ________
who/that is
sitting there is Brad
Pitt.
who/whom
*The man __________
/that/- she speaks to is
_______
Brad Pitt.
whom she
*The man to
_______
speaks is Brad Pitt.
Who is she?
who took
Cecilia, ______
weight-loss pills,
now realizes that
health is important.
whose
Cecilia, _______
body is thin, still
wants to lose some
weight (减肥).
限制性定语从句与先行词之间不用逗号
隔开；
非限制性定语从句与先行词之间一般用
逗号隔开。
My cousin whose father is a teacher
wants to be an actor.
My cousin , whose father is a teacher ,
wants to be an actor.
1. A. This is the place where I lived ten
years ago.
B. She is going to spend the winter
holiday in Macao, which returned to
China in 1999.
2. A. He is a man who I can ask for help.
B. His father, who works in Beijing,
came back yesterday.
限制性定语从句和先行词关系密切，如果去掉
从句，剩余部分意义不完整；非限制性定语从
句只是先行词的附加说明，如果去掉从句，意
义仍然完整。
S=subject, P=predicate, O=object,
My house , which I bought last year,
has got a lovely garden.
我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的
花园。
Main
clause
My house has got a lovely garden.
S
P
O
有时同一个限制性从句变为非限制性从句
会改变全句的意思。
1. I have a sister who works in a hospital.
我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。
（不只一位姐姐）
2. I have a sister, who works in a hospital.
我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。
（只有一位姐姐）
3. All the magazines here which have
beautiful pictures in them were written by
him.
里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。
（杂志有带图画和不带图画两类）
4. All the magazines here, which have
beautiful pictures in them, were written by
him.
所有的杂志都是他写的，里面都有漂亮的
图画。 （杂志只有一种）
His father, who works in Beijing,
came back yesterday.
当先行词是地名人名、世界上独一
无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时，通
常只用非限制性定语从句。
Shanghai, which is in East China,
is developing rapidly.
Practice
Fill in the blanks with
proper relative words.
1. The famous basketball star, ____
who is an
American, came to China yesterday.
2. In those days, she used to go to Mr
black,with whom
_____ she had a wonderful
time.
3. I bought a car yesterday, _____ cost
me a lot.
which
4. Xi’an,which
______ I visited last year, is a
nice old city.
5. He will come to see me next July,
_____
when he won’t be so busy.
6. The school, where
_____ I once studied, was
built thirty years ago.
7. John said he’d been working in
the office for an hour, ________
which
was true.
As we all know, he is good at
8. ____
English.
非限制性定语从句考点归纳：
I. as 和which引导非限制性定语从句, 代
替整个主句。
Examples:
1. As everyone knows, China is a country
with a long history.
众所周知，中国是一个历史悠久的国
家。
2. She is a teacher, as is clear from her
manner.
她是个教师, 这一点从她的举止可以清
楚地看出。
3. He missed the show, which was really a
great pity.
他
错过了演出，这真是很大的遗憾。
4. He invited me to dinner, which made
me very happy.
他请我吃饭，这使我很高兴。
Conclusion
1. as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句
时, as和which可代替整个主句，相当
于and this或and that。这两个关系代
词都可指代主句所表达的整个意思,且
在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。
2. as和which引导非限制性定语从句的不
同之处在于：
(1) as 引导的定语从句可置于句首,而
which引导的定语从句不可放在句首。
(2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作
主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若
从句中的谓语为行为动词，则从句中
的关系代词只能用which。另外,as引导
非限制性从句,常带有“正如”的意思。
Practice
1. Alice received an invitation from her
boss, which
_____ came as a surprise.
2. The weather turned out to be very good,
_____ was more than we could expect.
which
3. ___
As is expected, the England team won
the football match.
4. It rained hard yesterday, _______
which
prevented me from going to the park.
5. As
__ we can see, the smoke came from
the little dustbin.
By serving others, a person focuses
on someone other than himself or
herself, ___ can be very eye-opening
and rewarding. （2007湖南）
A. who
B. which
C. what
D. that
Helen was much kinder to her
youngest son than to the others,
_____, of course, made the others
envy (嫉妒) him. (2004天津)
A. who
B. that
C. what
D. which
Carol said the work would be
done by October, __________
personally (就我个人而论) I
doubt (怀疑) very much. (1999
全国)
A. it
B. that
C. when
D. which
非限制性定语从句中通常使用
下列关系代词和副词
关系代词：which / who / whom /
whose / as
关系副词：when / where
(非限制性定语从句中不用关系
词that；非限制性定语从句中关
系词不能省略)
II. all / some+ of + whom / which引导非
限制性定语从句
Examples:
1. He has told us many stories, all of which
are about the famous Long Match.
2. The students of Class 1, some of whom
came from Japan, went camping
yesterday.
Conclusion
在非限制性定语从句中,一些表达数量或
定位的数词或代词如 all/ some/ one/ both/
neither/ none/ any/ either/ any 等可与 of 构
成介词词组修饰限制先行词,此时先行词在
其后的定语从句中作介词的宾语,关系代词
不可用that。如先行词指人则用whom，如
先行词指物则用which引导从句。
Other examples
1. I am doing different types of
which are quite
exercises, all of ______
helpful to my health.
whom are
2. Many people, some of ______
not overweight, are going on diets.
3. There are 54 students in my class,
three of _______
whom come from US.
Last week, only two people came
to look at the house, _______
wanted to buy it. (2007安徽)
A. none of them
B. both of them
C. none of whom
D. neither of whom
The factory produces half a
million pairs of shoes every year,
80% ________ are sold abroad.
(2004辽宁)
A. of which
B. which of
C. of them
D. of that
It is reported that two schools,
________ are being built in my
hometown, will open next year.
（2007四川）
A. they both
B. which both
C. both of them
D. both of which
I have many friends, some
_______ are businessmen. (2005
全国)
A. why
B. from which
C. who of
D. of whom
Can you find the non-restrictive
attributive clauses in the Reading
section on pages 42-43.
*I’m taking weight-loss pills called
Fat-Less, which are quite popular
among young women here.
*My mother, whom you met last year,
keeps telling me not to take them
because they are dangerous.
*Then the doctor found that someone
in your country, whose name is Li
Dong, was an exact match for me.
*It’s the same in China—many
people, some of whom are not
overweight at all, are always going
on diets or taking weight-loss pills,
which are often dangerous.
If a shop has chairs _______
women can park their men,
women will spend more time in
the shop. (2005上海)
A. that
B. which
C. when
D. where
I walked in our garden, ______
Tom and Jim were tying a big
sign onto one of the trees. (2005
辽宁)
A. which
B. when
C. where
D. that
Great changes have taken place
in that school. It is no longer
what it was 20 years ago, ______
it was so poorly equipped. (2005
安徽)
A. when
B. which
C. what
D. that
Jim passed the driving test,
_____ surprised everybody in
the office. （2005浙江）
A. which
B. that
C. this
D. it
There were dirty marks on her
trousers _______ she had
wiped her hands. (2004全国)
A. where
B. which
C. when
D. that
The road conditions there turned
out to be very good, _______ was
more than we could expect.
(2008全国II)
A. it
B. what
C. which
D. that
Comparison
1. ① This is one of the most interesting
films ___
D shown last week.
② This is the very one of the most
interesting films ___
B shown last
week.
A. which was
B. that was
C. which were
D. that were
2. ① He has two sons, __
B are college
students.
② He has two sons, and __
C are college
students.
A. both of which
B. both of whom
C. both of them
D. both of it
3. ① He still lives in the room __
B window
faces to the east.
② He still lives in the room, the window
__
D faces to the east.
③ He still lives in the room __
A is in the
north of the city.
④ He still lives in the room __
C there is a
beautiful table.
A.
which
B. whose
C.
where
D. of which
4. ① ___
B we all know, China is rich in
natural resources.
② ___
C is well-known that China is
rich in natural resources.
③ ___
B is well-known, China is rich in
natural resources.
A. Which
B. As
C. It
D. That
5. ① Is this museum ___
B he visited last
month?
② The teacher tells us that ___
D cleans
the blackboard is to be praised.
A. that
B. the one
C. which
D. the one who
Homework
Finish the given exercises
on P48-49.