Innovations in Employment
Assuring that “Employment for All”
means all persons with disabilities
Marc Gold & Associates©
1
4101 Gautier-Vancleave Rd. Ste. 102
Gautier, MS 39553 (228) 497-6999
An evolution of concepts
leading to employment
• Serving the Best – Creaming
• “Hire the Handicapped” – Altruism
• Train and Place – Training “job ready” applicants
to meet employer’s demands
• Place and Train – Using employment supports to
meet employer’s demands
• Job Carving – Removing difficult tasks from job
descriptions
• Unbundling demand – Negotiating jobs that meet
employer needs/benefits
Marc Gold & Associates©
2
4101 Gautier-Vancleave Rd. Ste. 102
Gautier, MS 39553 (228) 497-6999
Employment Innovations
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Customized Employment
Discovery
Visual Resumes
Employer Needs Analysis
Seven Phase Sequence
Reviving Job Analysis
Work Task Personal Assistance
On the Horizon: Personal Digital Support
Marc Gold & Associates©
3
4101 Gautier-Vancleave Rd. Ste. 102
Gautier, MS 39553 (228) 497-6999
But what about Jennie, a young woman who
never considered a working life much less
what she might want to do?
Marc Gold & Associates©
4
4101 Gautier-Vancleave Rd. Ste. 102
Gautier, MS 39553 (228) 497-6999
She was employed at a logistics
company for a year and a half…
Marc Gold & Associates©
5
4101 Gautier-Vancleave Rd. Ste. 102
Gautier, MS 39553 (228) 497-6999
Jenni now works at a local gas company
using customized supported employment…
Marc Gold & Associates©
6
4101 Gautier-Vancleave Rd. Ste. 102
Gautier, MS 39553 (228) 497-6999
Clarifying Supported Employment
and Customized Employment
The concepts are compatible but distinct
and they come from the same value set
– to assure access to employment for
persons with significant disabilities.
There has been confusion as to the
distinctions between these two valuable
approaches.
Marc Gold & Associates©
7
4101 Gautier-Vancleave Rd. Ste. 102
Gautier, MS 39553 (228) 497-6999
Supported Employment
Essentially, SE provides post employment
support to employees and employers who
are felt to need additional support to
achieve employment success.
In typical Rehab practice, supported
employment is referred to competitive
in that open demands of employers are
being met.
Marc Gold & Associates©
8
4101 Gautier-Vancleave Rd. Ste. 102
Gautier, MS 39553 (228) 497-6999
Supported Employment
• Often focuses on open jobs
• Provides job coaches to assist both
employees and employers
• Most funded supports occur post
employment
• Pre-employment supports and services
are not stipulated in statute
Marc Gold & Associates©
9
4101 Gautier-Vancleave Rd. Ste. 102
Gautier, MS 39553 (228) 497-6999
Customized Employment
Essentially, CE provides a set of services
prior to employment that are designed
to tailor the employment relationship in
ways that meet both job seeker and
employer needs/benefits.
CE attempts to avoid the barriers
created by job descriptions by
unbundling demands through voluntary
negotiations with employers.
Marc Gold & Associates©
10
4101 Gautier-Vancleave Rd. Ste. 102
Gautier, MS 39553 (228) 497-6999
Customized Employment
According to US/DOL:
Customized employment means individualizing
the employment relationship between
employees and employers in ways that meet
the needs of both.
It is based on an individualized determination
of the strengths, needs, and interests of
the person with a disability, and is also
designed to meet the specific needs of the
employer.
Marc Gold & Associates©
11
4101 Gautier-Vancleave Rd. Ste. 102
Gautier, MS 39553 (228) 497-6999
Unbundling demand
Employers have typically met needs by
bundling demands into job descriptions.
Job seekers with complex lives often
don’t have the “whole package” to offer.
Customized Employment allows employers
to “unbundle” demand and to take
advantage of discrete competencies.
Marc Gold & Associates©
12
4101 Gautier-Vancleave Rd. Ste. 102
Gautier, MS 39553 (228) 497-6999
Areas of Employer Benefit
Unmet Workplace
Needs:
Tasks better
performed by others:
Specific benefit to
enhance business:
This area focuses on
tasks that need to
get done but are not
getting done in the
way the employer
would like. It also
can include tasks
that have not been
performed but need
to be.
This area focuses on
aspects of jobs that
might better be
performed by others at
a lower pay grade.
This option can
directly save money
for employers.
This area focuses on
workplace needs for
additional productivity
in specific tasks. It
must be matched with
job seeker’s specific
competencies.
Marc Gold & Associates©
13
4101 Gautier-Vancleave Rd. Ste. 102
Gautier, MS 39553 (228) 497-6999
The Employment Matrix
Competitive
Employment
Customized
Employment
Natural Supports
and Reasonable
Accommodation
only
There are job seekers
who will not need either
SE or CE to become
employed and to stay
employed
There are job seekers
who will need CE to
become employed but
will not need SE to
stay employed
Supported
Employment and
Natural Supports
There are job seekers
who will not need CE to
become employed but
who will need SE to
stay employed
There are job seekers
who will need both
CE to become
employed and SE to
stay employed
Marc Gold & Associates©
14
4101 Gautier-Vancleave Rd. Ste. 102
Gautier, MS 39553 (228) 497-6999
Multiple Source job: Local
radio station
Tasks from:
• Reception
• DJs
• Advertising
• Station
manager
Marc Gold & Associates©
15
4101 Gautier-Vancleave Rd. Ste. 102
Gautier, MS 39553 (228) 497-6999
Multiple Source Job: Performing
various jobs within a music store – set-up,
cleaning…
Marc Gold & Associates©
16
4101 Gautier-Vancleave Rd. Ste. 102
Gautier, MS 39553 (228) 497-6999
Discovery
“Discovery consists of looking at the same
thing as everyone else and thinking
something different”
Albert Szent-Gyorgyi (Nobel Prize winner who
discovered Vitamin C)
Marc Gold & Associates©
17
4101 Gautier-Vancleave Rd. Ste. 102
Gautier, MS 39553 (228) 497-6999
The role of discovery
Discovery provides, in a non-traditional,
common-sense form, the information
needed to determine the strengths,
needs, and interests* of any person
with complex life issues.
This is accomplished by simply
addressing the question, “Who is this
person?”
* From DOL/ODEP definition
Marc Gold & Associates©
18
4101 Gautier-Vancleave Rd. Ste. 102
Gautier, MS 39553 (228) 497-6999
We are all like pieces in
a complex jig-saw puzzle
Co-workers
Educators
Self-concept
Parents
Old friends
Extended
family/relatives
Activities &
Experiences
Close friends
Professionals
in our lives
Who is
this
person?
Community
members
4101 Gautier-Vancleave Rd. Ste. 102
Gautier, MS 39553 (228) 497-6999
Discovery finds the pieces and
puts them together
This is who I am.
4101 Gautier-Vancleave Rd. Ste. 102
Gautier, MS 39553 (228) 497-6999
Discovery = Translation
The finesse of discovery is to identify
typical aspects of life and to translate
those activities into Conditions for
success, Interests toward employment
and potential Contributions to be
offered to employers.
Discovery is essentially an activity of
translation.
4101 Gautier-Vancleave Rd. Ste. 102
Gautier, MS 39553 (228) 497-6999
Observation of a task of life
Carrying a plant to
the family van
4101 Gautier-Vancleave Rd. Ste. 102
Gautier, MS 39553 (228) 497-6999
Translated to a work task
Materials handling
4101 Gautier-Vancleave Rd. Ste. 102
Gautier, MS 39553 (228) 497-6999
The Visual Resume
The Visual Resume offers an alternative
when applicants do not have persuasive
written resumes and experiences.
This resume is a form of a “visual
portfolio” that introduces job seekers
who need customized employment to
potential employers.
Marc Gold & Associates
24
4101 Gautier-Vancleave Rd. Ste. 102
Gautier, MS 39553 (228) 497-6999
Jenni Guthrie
4101 Gautier-Vancleave Rd. Ste. 102
25
Gautier, MS 39553 (228) 497-6999
Jenni is a recent graduate of Ocean
Springs High School…
4101 Gautier-Vancleave Rd. Ste. 102
26
Gautier, MS 39553 (228) 497-6999
She has a strong work ethic that started with
performing family chores…
4101 Gautier-Vancleave Rd. Ste. 102
27
Gautier, MS 39553 (228) 497-6999
In school she helped out in the
cafeteria…
4101 Gautier-Vancleave Rd. Ste. 102
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Gautier, MS 39553 (228) 497-6999
And in the local library…
4101 Gautier-Vancleave Rd. Ste. 102
29
Gautier, MS 39553 (228) 497-6999
She was also employed at VL
Logistics for a year and a half…
4101 Gautier-Vancleave Rd. Ste. 102
30
Gautier, MS 39553 (228) 497-6999
Her job involved preparation of US
Navy baseball caps for an embroidery
machine…
4101 Gautier-Vancleave Rd. Ste. 102
31
Gautier, MS 39553 (228) 497-6999
Jenni Guthrie is:
• The daughter of Foley and Sheree Ransom.
• A 1999 graduate of Ocean Springs High School with
a Special Education diploma.
• A member of St. John’s Episcopal Church
• A life-long resident of Ocean Springs.
• A young woman who wants to stay and work in her
local community.
4101 Gautier-Vancleave Rd. Ste. 102
32
Gautier, MS 39553 (228) 497-6999
Jenni is looking for an employer who
has needs in the following areas:
1. Material/product
delivery
2. Envelope stuffing
3. Stapling/stamping
4. Production tasks
5. Packing, unpacking,
labeling
6. Sorting/folding
7. Putting things
up/straightening
8. Material sorting
9. Recycling
10. Assisting/helping
4101 Gautier-Vancleave Rd. Ste. 102
33
Gautier, MS 39553 (228) 497-6999
Employer Needs Analysis
Unmet Workplace
Needs:
Tasks better
performed by others:
Specific benefit to
enhance business:
This area focuses on
tasks that need to
get done but are not
getting done in the
way the employer
would like. It also
can include tasks
that have not been
performed but need
to be.
This area focuses on
aspects of jobs that
might better be
performed by others at
a lower pay grade.
This option can
directly save money
for employers.
This area focuses on
workplace needs for
additional productivity
in specific tasks. It
must be matched with
job seeker’s specific
competencies.
Marc Gold & Associates©
34
4101 Gautier-Vancleave Rd. Ste. 102
Gautier, MS 39553 (228) 497-6999
Employer Needs Analysis
Each unique workplace
has needs
Job Developer
During Job
Development, the Job
Developer negotiates to
perform a Needs
Analysis
Marc Gold & Associates©
35
4101 Gautier-Vancleave Rd. Ste. 102
Gautier, MS 39553 (228) 497-6999
Employer Needs Analysis:
During each employer contact
An Employer Needs Analysis most often
negotiated during job development. The
analysis typically occurs on the second or
third interaction with an employer and
often follows the tour of the business.
A Needs Analysis may take from 1 – 3 hours
or more to conduct, depending on the
number of workplace areas to be examined
and the size of the business.
Marc Gold & Associates©
36
4101 Gautier-Vancleave Rd. Ste. 102
Gautier, MS 39553 (228) 497-6999
Using a Needs Analysis Form
Observations of Employees:Frequency Unmet
Need
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Stocking salad bar (C) 30 min.
Cleaning salad bar (C) 15 min.
X
Specialty salad prep (C) 3/day
Searching for misfiled
documents (B)
30 min.
Copying records (R)
10/week
Assisting with excess
copying (B)
2/day
X
Making coffee (B/R)
3/day
Answering phone during
lunch (B)
1/day for 1 hr.
Preparing certified
20/week
letters (B)
Marc Gold & Associates©
37
Unbundled
Task
Benefit to
Employer
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
4101 Gautier-Vancleave Rd. Ste. 102
Gautier, MS 39553 (228) 497-6999
Job Analysis
Job Analysis involves a cultural analysis of
an employment setting as a starting
point for preparation of a supported
employment job. Job analysis begins
during discovery and continues during
job development. It culminates after
the job has been negotiated.
4101 Gautier-Vancleave Rd. Ste. 102
Gautier, MS 39553 (228) 497-6999
Formal Job Analysis
The formal job analysis is performed
after an employer agrees to a
customized job description for an
applicant with a disability. However,
the job analysis begins by focusing on
the ways, means and people of the
work setting before considering the
potential need for accommodations,
modifications and specialized support
needs of the employee.
4101 Gautier-Vancleave Rd. Ste. 102
Gautier, MS 39553 (228) 497-6999
Job Analysis: Starts with the
Employer
The provision systematic instruction
within community work places
requires the maintenance of a
carefully balanced equation in which
powerful forces must be
acknowledged and finessed:
Natural Features of the Work
Setting and,
Individual Learner Needs
4101 Gautier-Vancleave Rd. Ste. 102
Gautier, MS 39553 (228) 497-6999
The Seven Phase Sequence
The Complete “Roadmap”
1. Determine Natural Ways
7. Adapt/Modify
Natural Ways
No?
2. Determine Natural Means
6. Suggest more effective
Natural Means
No?
3. Identify Natural People
5. Support/Substitute for
Natural People
??
4. Facilitate Successful Performance
No?
Yes? Proceed to new task(s)
4101 Gautier-Vancleave Rd. Ste. 102
Gautier, MS 39553 (228) 497-6999
Work Task Personal Assistance
versus Job Coaching
Job Coaching is distinguished from Workplace
Personal Assistance by the intent of the
supports.
Work Task Personal Assistance providers
perform aspects of work tasks the participant
is unable to do without assistance without
fading.
Job Coaching is intended to teach the individual
to perform the work tasks independently and
then fade.
4101 Gautier-Vancleave Rd. Ste. 102
Gautier, MS 39553 (228) 497-6999
Work Task Personal
Assistance
4101 Gautier-Vancleave Rd. Ste. 102
Gautier, MS 39553 (228) 497-6999
Work Task Personal
Assistance
4101 Gautier-Vancleave Rd. Ste. 102
Gautier, MS 39553 (228) 497-6999