Using PBIS
to Improve
State
Testing
Laura A. Riffel, Ph.D.
Study your history
What have been your strengths in the past?
What have been your needs?
Look at your data
How do we communicate the test to students?
Student motivation to do well on the
test
Even though the testing itself is academic- the motivation is a
behavior issue.
PBIS MODEL
TEACH
IMPRINT
PRACTICE
TeachReinforce
and practice
Good test taking
strategies
PRAISE
Why don’t the students do well?
Why don’t the students do well?
Writing Activity
Research:
Writing about worries eases anxiety and improves test performance
January 13, 2011
Students can combat test anxiety and improve performance by writing
about their worries immediately before the exam begins, according to
a University of Chicago study published in the journal Science.
Researchers found that students who were prone to test anxiety
improved their high–stakes test scores by nearly one grade point
after they were given 10 minutes to write about what was causing
them fear, according to the article, “Writing about Testing Boosts
Exam Performance in the Classroom.” The article appears in the Jan.
14 issue of Science and is based on research supported by the
National Science Foundation
http://news.uchicago.edu/news.php?asset_id=2210
Writing Activity
Use the penagain.com pencil- it’s number 2 lead
Science Improves Test Scores
Go to bed early the night before. Sleeping only six
hours instead of eight increases levels of the stress
hormone cortisol by 50%, and sleep- deprived
people score 30% lower on memory tests.
Science Improves Test Scores
Don’t skip breakfast. Students who eat breakfast
score higher on tests and report less test-related
anxiety. Best bets? Eggs for brain-boosting
choline, and oatmeal for a calming increase in
serotonin levels.
Science Improves Test Scores
After your healthy breakfast, treat yourself with a
little dark chocolate. It boosts memory, alertness,
and concentration, and its special chemicals even
decrease anxiety.
Science Improves Test Scores
Pop a stick of gum. In one British study, the act of
chewing was found to activate the hippocampus,
the brain area responsible for memory, improving
recall by 35%.
Science Improves Test Scores
Mint scents increase alertness, leading to fewer
mistakes.
Science Improves Test Scores
Put a bit of fresh rosemary in your pocket on test
day—it’s a proven memory booster! In fact, in
ancient Greece, students wore sprigs of rosemary
in their hair on exam day.
Science Improves Test Scores
Use this acupressure trick: Press the spot on your
wrist about two thumb widths down from the base
of the palm. Acupuncturists believe this signals the
heart to slow to a more soothing rhythm.
From www.braingym.com Carla Hannaford says, “Drink” …Water
comprises more of the brain (with
estimates of 90%) than of any other organ
of the body." Having students drink some
water before and during class can help
"grease the wheel". Drinking water is very
important before any stressful situation tests! - as we tend to perspire under stress,
and de-hydration can effect our
concentration negatively.
Science Improves Test Scores
Bring a bottle of water with you to the test. Even the
slightest dip in hydration levels can lead to stress,
memory loss, and a drop in mental functioning.
From www.braingym.com "Brain Buttons “ This exercise helps improve blood flow
to the brain to "switch on" the entire brain before a
lesson begins. The increased blood flow helps improve
concentration skills required for reading, writing, etc.
Put one hand so that there is as wide a space as
possible between the thumb and index finger.
Place your index and thumb into the slight indentations
below the collar bone on each side of the sternum. Press
lightly in a pulsing manner.
At the same time put the other hand over the navel area
of the stomach. Gently press on these points for about 2
minutes.
From www.braingym.com "Cross Crawl “ This exercise helps coordinate right and
left brain by exercising the information flow between
the two hemispheres. It is useful for spelling, writing,
listening, reading and comprehension.
Stand or sit. Put the right hand across the body to the left
knee as you raise it, and then do the same thing for the
left hand on the right knee just as if you were marching.
Just do this either sitting or standing for about 2
minutes.
"Hook Ups“ This works well for nerves before a test or
special event such as making a speech. Any situation
which will cause nervousness calls for a few "hook ups"
to calm the mind and improve concentration.
Stand or sit. Cross the right leg over the left at the
ankles.
Take your right wrist and cross it over the left wrist and
link up the fingers so that the right wrist is on top.
Bend the elbows out and gently turn the fingers in
towards the body until they rest on the sternum (breast
bone) in the center of the chest. Stay in this position.
Keep the ankles crossed and the wrists crossed and
then breathe evenly in this position for a few minutes.
You will be noticeably calmer after that time.
Bubbling can be stressful
Every day have a question on the board (white board
or smart board)
Have the students bubble in their answer to the
question on the board
What do you have for pets at home?
Dog
Cat
Fish
Guinea Pig
Hamster
Rat
Snake
Put in age appropriate questions- this is just an
Why don’t the students do well?
I Want YOU to do
well on the test.
Ask me how I can
help you.
Family Night:
• Each family comes up to the school with all their children.
• Each family chooses a game board design and creates it
together.
• Coloring, stickers, laminating etc.
• Each family is given the following:
• Flash cards appropriate for each grade level’s test review
questions
• Pawns
• Dice
Give each student their previous years’ test scores
and have them determine which areas they
want/need to improve:
Offer after school “clubs” for all of the areas:
•
• Monday- reading
• Tuesday- math
• Wednesday- writing
• Or
• Mrs. Jones (Monday- Wednesday) 3 grade reading
• Mrs. Smith (Monday-Wednesday) 3 grade math
• Mr. Phillips (Monday- Wednesday) 3 grade writing
rd
rd
rd
Put test review questions on a ball and toss the ball
around the students in a circle. Where their right
thumb lands- that is the question they have to
answer.
http://www.apple.com/education/itunes-u/whatis.html Share your lessons on I-pods (most
students have one)
$28.34http://tinyurl.com/eggsp
ert
http://www.jc-schools.net/tutorials/PP
http://facstaff.uww.edu/jonesd/games
Play More
Ten minutes of non-violent games quickens your
thought processes. This lets you make decisions
and see connections faster.
Bonus:
These games distract you from anxieties; which
hampers quick thinking.
Teach Test Question Types
Right There- the answer is right in the question.
Think and Search- the answer is in more than one place.
You and Author Questions- The answer comes from you
based on what you read.
Give examples and color code the questions –
RED= Right There Questions
TURQUOISE= Think and Search Questions
YELLOW= You and Author Questions
This will give students the confidence to tackle the test.
Teach Test Taking Strategies:
Teach students about story organization, compare and contrast, cause and
effect, and other text structures that are important parts of both literacy
training and test preparation.
Many test passages are written in a standard format. When students
understand that format it will give them a head start in reading passages and
locating answers. Students need to be efficient. We don’t want to waste time
rereading passages until we come across answers.
Test Taking Tip: After reading a story passage with an obvious beginning,
middle, and end, have the students guess which part will hold the answer to
the comprehension question. These are the typical patterns:
The Beginning section typically holds information about when and where.
The Middle section typically holds the answers about the problem of the story.
The End section typically holds the clue to how the problem was solved.
Knowing this information will save students time and give them
confidence to do well on the test.
Math Story Problems
Give all the students a tiny magnifying glass and
send them around the school in pairs as “Super
Spies” .
Have the students go around the school and write
two math story problems from around the school.
Give them a few examples.
Example:
“There are 3 classes of third grade. One class has 25
students, one class has 23 students and one class
has 26 students. What is the average number of
third graders in a class?”
Type up all the story problems and use them to teach
the students how to work story problems.
Remember Dead Week?????
Remember Dead Week in College???
No homework the week before
At my university during dead week life was
dedicated to studying and no new homework.
Certain shops offered “dead week” incentivesdonuts- coffee- etc.- Set up carts around the
school after school for study sessions- study
breaks.
Parents were given opportunities to send
“goodies” to students away at school. Offer an
opportunity to send notes to students during day
at school.
Tips on answering multiple choice questions
Read the question before you look at the answer.
Come up with the answer in your head before looking at the possible answers,
this way the choices given on the test won't throw you off or trick you.
Eliminate answers you know aren't right.
Read all the choices before choosing your answer.
If there is no guessing penalty, always take an educated guess and select an
answer.
Don't keep on changing your answer, usually your first choice is the right one,
unless you misread the question.
In "All of the above" and "None of the above" choices, if you are certain one of
the statements is true don't choose "None of the above" or one of the
statements are false don't choose "All of the above".
In a question with an "All of the above" choice, if you see that at least two
correct statements, then "All of the above" is probably the answer.
A positive choice is more likely to be true than a negative one.
Usually the correct answer is the choice with the most information.
http://www.testtakingtips.com/test/multiple.htm
Test Your Memory: Now You See It: Now You Don’t
Set up a table in the classroom and put 20 objects on
it of varying interest.
Have all the students look at this for 30 secondsthen cover it up with a sheet.
Have the students list everything they remember
seeing.
This will improve their brains in using their visual
and language areas. (Shelley Carson, Ph.D. 2011)
Why don’t the students do well?
How Does Your Engine Run????
http://www.alertprogram.com/
Test Taking Strategies to Help with Anxiety
Hughes, C., Schumaker, J. Deshler, D. and Mercer, C. (1993).The Test-Taking
Strategy. Lawrence, KS; Edge Enterprises, Inc.
P
I
Prepare to Succeed
Write name on test and put the word PIRATES on top of the test
Preview the Test
Rank the sections of the test from easiest to the hardest
Start the test within 3 minutes that it was given
Inspect the Instructions
Read the Instructions Separately
Underline what to do and where to respond
R
A
T
E
S
Read, Remember, Reduce
Read the entire Question
Remember what you studied
Reduce your choices; eliminate obvious wrong answers
Answer or Abandon
Answer the Question
Abandon the Question for a moment
Turn back, go back and answer any questions that you skipped
Estimate your answer
Avoid Absolutes
Choose the Longest or most Detailed Choice
Eliminate Similar Choices
Survey to ensure all questions are answered
Switch an answer only if you are positive it is correct
Be a Smart Cookie….
Answer all the easy questions first in the test
section.
Knowing you know something raises your confidence
to handle the ones you aren’t quite sure about.
Crank up some lively music
Upbeat songs increase levels of dopamine. Being in
a good mood inhibits parts of the brain that are
“negative and critical”. (Shelley Carson, Ph.D.
2011)
You will be better able to come up with creative
solutions if you are in a good mood.
It is easy being green……
Show 7 minutes of images of land, sea and sky.
Nature’s restful effect can enhance memory and
attention by 20% ( University of Michigan study)
Why don’t the students do well?
SelfAffirmations
Self-Affirmations
I am good enough to ace this test.
I deserve to pass this test with flying colors.
I will do well on this test.
I am capable.
I am awesome.
I’m dependable.
I will get enough sleep before the test.
I will eat a good breakfast on the day of the test.
I will hydrate my body so I do well on the test.
I will exercise my brain, so I do well on the test.
I will practice my breathing so I am cool, calm and
collected for this test.
Self-Affirmations
Play “Four Corners”(hang signs in the
corners of the room)
Ask questions like this:
There are _____ feet in a
mile?
A. 4,365
B. 5,280
C. 5,365
D. 1,000
Students go to the corner of
the right answer- fun way
to practice bubble tests.
Have students take their
other tests as bubble
tests to practice
taking bubble tests.
Spelling: Which is
correct?
Sunnshine
Sunshine
Soonshine
sunshin
o
o
o
o
Why don’t the students do well?
Let students build an office using their favorite color
folder to put up as a visual screen so they don’t
have any visual distractions.
Feng Shui for the
Classroom
To Increase Knowledge
Blue
• Blue: Blue is considered an inward-focusing
color and works well here. From the wall
paint to the lampshade, add a little blue to
increase the brain vibes.
To the left inside your classroom door put a
picture of: Merlin, Albert Einstein, Mozart, or
Gandhi. Whose wisdom would you like your
students to emulate?
Create a quiet space
• This is not a punishment area. This place
should be away from distractions and have a
comfortable chair or bean bag. There should
be some restful pictures and a pair of
headphones for the student to block out
unwanted noises.
• Think “spa”- outside the quiet area have a
water feature, lots of plants, extremely soft
music playing 60 beats per minute music.
Clear all clutter
To Increase Creativity
Metal
• To the right inside the front door of the
classroom and about 1/3 the way back have
something metal. This could be a metal
plant container, metal picture frames with
pictures of children, or some metal
decoration.
• White: Look for white round things to put in
this area. White metal clock, a round table
with a white top or white topper.
• Store games in this area- chess, checkers,
whatever you use for those who finish work
early.
• Do not have anything red in this area of the
classroom.
To Increase Helpfulness
Silver
• Right inside the front door to the right
have a silver box- this can be a shoe
box filled with aluminum foil if you have
to.
• Use this box for class meetings to have
students write down and place
anonymously the issues they are
dealing with and would like help on.
Hands
• Have cut outs of hands in this
area. Put the student’s names on
the hands. You can use this to
dedicate teams or hours or
sections of your class- but put
every student’s name on a hand.
• There can be more than one name
on a hand if you teach secondary.
Symbols of helpful beings
• Place books in this area highlighting helpful
actions. These could be books on:
–
–
–
–
Community service
Bully-proofing activities
Jobs in the helping fields
Making friends
Globe and Bell
• Put your globe in this area or pictures of
distant travels.
• Place a bell in this area. This can be an old
school bell or a wind chime hanging above.
To Increase Relationships
Wood Columns and Pictures
• In the center left of the room place
something wood in a round column shape.
This could be a small wood table, a small
tree, or a wood plant stand.
• Place plants in this area.
• Place pictures of your students in this area in
group pictures.
To Increase Career
Mirrors, Water, Black, Glass
• To increase your career place these
things near the doorway of your
classroom
– Mirrors which equal water or a water
feature like a mini fountain
– Anything black in this area
– Glass- like glass flower vases filled with
water and flowers
– Pictures of your career dreams
• You can put student career dreams here
as well.