Duurzame mobiliteit
KNAG Onderwijsdag / Almere / 7 Nov 2014
Dr. ir. W.G.Z. Tan (Wendy)
Assistant Professor Infrastructure and Transportation Planning
w.g.z.tan@rug.nl | @wendytangz
http://www.rug.nl/staff/w.g.z.tan/
Mentimeter: How to?
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2
Pak je smartphone/tablet/laptop
Open je browser
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Vul de gegeven code in
Ik ben een…
“...transport planning is at a crisis point and that it
underestimates the key challenges facing urban
planners...”
Prof. David Banister
BANISTER D. (2008). The sustainable mobility paradigm. Transport Policy. 15, 73-80.
Wat zijn de grootste uitdagingen
voor steden in de toekomst?
Percentage Urban
City Population
0-20%
1-5 million
20-40%
5-10 million
40-60%
10 million or more
60-80%
80-100%
Note: Designations employed and the presentation of material on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on
the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area, or of its authorities,
or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
1970
esa.un.org
Percentage Urban
City Population
0-20%
1-5 million
20-40%
5-10 million
40-60%
10 million or more
60-80%
80-100%
Note: Designations employed and the presentation of material on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on
the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area, or of its authorities,
or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
1990
esa.un.org
Percentage Urban
City Population
0-20%
1-5 million
20-40%
5-10 million
40-60%
10 million or more
60-80%
80-100%
Note: Designations employed and the presentation of material on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on
the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area, or of its authorities,
or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
2014
esa.un.org
Percentage Urban
City Population
0-20%
1-5 million
20-40%
5-10 million
40-60%
10 million or more
60-80%
80-100%
Note: Designations employed and the presentation of material on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on
the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area, or of its authorities,
or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
2030
esa.un.org
Wat is duurzame mobiliteit?
Ingredienten
•
Technologische innovaties
•
Gedragsveranderingen
•
Actuele kosten reflecteren
•
Persoonlijke (Individuele)
informatie
•
Samenhang met
ruimtelijke ordening
24
“Sustainable mobility provides an alternative paradigm
within which to investigate the complexity of cities, and
to strengthen the links between land use and transport.”
Prof. David Banister
BANISTER D. (2008). The sustainable mobility paradigm. Transport Policy. 15, 73-80.
Traditionele verkeers- en
vervoersplanning
•
Infrastructuur aanleggen is essentieel voor
economische ontwikkeling
•
Afzonderlijke sector van ruimtelijke
ordening (RO)
•
•
26
Taal/Begrippen/Aanpak - anders
‘Predict and provide’ verhalen
•
Wederopbouw
•
Nederland Transportland
•
Verbreding A2 goed voor werk, mobiliteit
en leefbaarheid - nieuws.nl
Key differences
Engineering perspective: Solving a problem
Physical dimensions
Mobility
Traffic focus, particularly on the car
Large in scale
Street as a road
Motorized transport
Traffic forecasting
Modelling
Economic evaluation
Travel as a derived demand
Demand based
Speeding up traffic
Travel time minimisation
Segregation (People/Traffic)
Planning, Design perspective: How do we make it better?
Social dimensions
Accessibility
People focus, either in (or on) a vehicle or on foot
Local in scale
Street as a space
Multi-modal - pedestrian oriented
Visioning on cities
Scenario development and modelling
Multi-criteria analysis (environmental and social concerns)
Travel as a valued activity as well as a derived demand
Management based
Slowing movement down
Reasonable travel times and travel time reliability
Integration of people and traffic
BANISTER D. (2008). The sustainable mobility paradigm. Transport Policy. 15, 73-80.
27
Een andere kijk:
Duurzame mobiliteit
•
Duurzaamheid - economische, ecologische
en sociale aspecten
•
Focus op kansen:
•
28
•
Waar liggen de potentiele
arbeidsplaatsen?
•
Welke voorzieningen kan ik bereiken?
‘People and places’ verhalen
•
Bereikbaarheid
•
Leefbaarheid
•
Beter Benutten
•
Knooppuntontwikkeling
Probleem
Deel van oplossing?
Verkeersstromen/Passagiers
Reiziger als klant?
Snelheid
Bereikbaarheid?
Is het makkelijk om duurzame
mobiliteit toe te passen?
“Sustainable mobility provides an alternative paradigm
within which to investigate the complexity of cities, and
to strengthen the links between land use and transport.”
Prof. David Banister
BANISTER D. (2008). The sustainable mobility paradigm. Transport Policy. 15, 73-80.
Infrastructuurinvesteringen
Mobiliteitsbeleid
Verkeers- en
vervoerssysteem
(netwerken)
direct
langzaam
Socio-demografische,
economische en culturele
factoren
snel
Bereikbaarheid
langzaam
Grondgebruik
(locaties)
Activiteiten
snel
Regionale vraag
Beschikbaarheid grond
Attractiviteit locatie
Omgevingskenmerken
Ruimtelijk beleid
BERTOLINI, L. (2009). De planologie van mobiliteit. Amsterdam, Vossiuspers UvA/Amsterdam University Press. http://public.eblib.com/EBLPublic/PublicView.do?ptiID=474268.
Dilemmas van planologie van
mobiliteit (Bertolini, 2009)
1.
Spanning tussen de
afhankelijkheid van mobiliteit
(essentiële voorwaarde voor
sociale emancipatie en
economische ontwikkeling) en
de negatieve effecten daarvan.
2.
De actieruimtes van mobiele
huishoudens en bedrijven zijn
niet gebonden aan eenduidige
territoriale grenzen, terwijl dat
voor beleidsarena’s meestal wel
het geval is.
40
Samenhang van ruimte en
mobiliteit
“if you plan cities for cars and
traffic, you get cars and traffic.
If you plan for people and
places, you get people and
places.”
- Placemaking
43
Hoe nu verder?
Stand van zaken
Trends
Toekomst onderzoek
Leiden Central Station, Leiden, The Netherlands
We (NL) zijn al goed op weg om
duurzame mobiliteit te behalen.
Google self driving car
mode share
Auto
Amsterdam
OV
Fiets
38
Almere
20
22
52
Londen
13
40
Parijs
33
29
New York
29
Shanghai
3
13
15
30
25
55
33
1
20
50
15
27
44
25
20
31
33
0
16
47
26
20
Singapore
20
3
31
Kopenhagen
20
37
17
Berlijn
Lopen
1
75
22
100
En
vir
on
m
en
t
Smart Cities
Economy
People
Governance
Mobility
Environment
Living
l
cia
Green Economy
Emissions
Inclusiveness
Governance
So
Sustainable urban
mobility:
Holistic approaches to
integrating land use
and multi-modal
transportation planning
with societal challenges
Economic
Committee of Digital and Knowledge-Based Cities (2012) SMART CITIES STUDY: International study on the situation of ICT, innovation and Knowledge in cities. mobilityplans.e
UN HABITAT, U.N.H.S.P. (2013) Planning and Design for Sustainable Urban Mobility: Global Report on Human Settlements 2013. Routledge.
on
m
en
t
vir
En
Implementation
Dynamic changes of
societal trends affecting
spatial and mobility
patterns:
l
cia
Economic
Regional and local implementation
through urban and infrastructure
design
So
Sustainable urban
mobility:
Holistic approaches to
integrating land use
and multi-modal
transportation planning
with societal challenges
on
m
en
t
vir
Institutional arrangements,
policy processes, financing
mechanisms and incentives
Regional and local implementation
through urban and infrastructure
design
l
cia
Sustainable urban
mobility:
Holistic approaches to
integrating land use
and multi-modal
transportation planning
with societal challenges
So
Economic
En
Institutions
Conflicting socioeconomic spatial claims:
Implementation
Dynamic changes of
societal trends affecting
spatial and mobility
patterns:
on
m
en
t
vir
Institutional arrangements,
policy processes, financing
mechanisms and incentives
En
Institutions
Conflicting socioeconomic spatial claims:
l
Governance and policy innovations to promote inclusiveness
cia
Inclusiveness
Social and economic equity:
Regional and local implementation
through urban and infrastructure
design
So
Sustainable urban
mobility:
Holistic approaches to
integrating land use
and multi-modal
transportation planning
with societal challenges
Economic
Implementation
Dynamic changes of
societal trends affecting
spatial and mobility
patterns:
Dank voor uw aandacht!
Vragen?